OpenGame: Open Agentic Coding for Games
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Game development sits at the intersection of creative design and intricate software engineering, demanding the joint orchestration of game engines, real-time loops, and tightly coupled state across many files. While Large Language Models (LLMs) and code agents now solve isolated programming tasks with ease, they consistently stumble when asked to produce a fully playable game from a high-level design, collapsing under cross-file inconsistencies, broken scene wiring, and logical incoherence. We bridge this gap with OpenGame, the first open-source agentic framework explicitly designed for end-to-end web game creation. At its core lies Game Skill, a reusable, evolving capability composed of a Template Skill that grows a library of project skeletons from experience and a Debug Skill that maintains a living protocol of verified fixes - together enabling the agent to scaffold stable architectures and systematically repair integration errors rather than patch isolated syntax bugs. Powering this framework is GameCoder-27B, a code LLM specialized for game engine mastery through a three-stage pipeline of continual pre-training, supervised fine-tuning, and execution-grounded reinforcement learning. Since verifying interactive playability is fundamentally harder than checking static code, we further introduce OpenGame-Bench, an evaluation pipeline that scores agentic game generation along Build Health, Visual Usability, and Intent Alignment via headless browser execution and VLM judging. Across 150 diverse game prompts, OpenGame establishes a new state-of-the-art. We hope OpenGame pushes code agents beyond discrete software engineering problems and toward building complex, interactive real-world applications. Our framework will be fully open-sourced.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 13 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Apr 2026.
Builds on
13 of 34 references.
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Other references · 12
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- 2025Multi-Actor Generative Artificial Intelligence as a Game Enginecited by 8
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 18.
18 papers.
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- 2026GameCraft-Bench: Can Agents Build Playable Games End-to-End in a Real Game Engine?cited by 22
- 2026GUI Agents for Continual Game Generationcited by 18
- 2026Code World Model: Coding Agent as World Braincited by 14
- 2026GameXpert-Bench: How Far Are Coding Agents from Expert Game Development?cited by 8
- 2026The Verifier is the Curriculum: Precision Sets the Return on Search in Code Self-Distillationcited by 3
- 2026AI for Games in the Foundation Model Eracited by 3
- 2026UniCoder: Unified Visual-to-Code Generation via Symbolic Rewards and Reference-Guided Code Optimizationcited by 1
- 2026MAGIC: Transition-Aware Generation of Navigable Multi-Scene Game Worlds with Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026GameASG-Bench: Benchmarking Autonomous Software Generation for Game Developmentcited by 1
- 2026From Generation to Simulation: How Far Are World Models from Being True Simulators?cited by 0
- 2026SWE-Game: Can Coding Agents Build the Games We Want?cited by 0
- 2026A2Z GameSpec-Bench: How Faithfully Can Coding Agents Generate Games from Game Design Specifications?cited by 0
6 more
- 2026Spec2Game: Can LLMs Generate Complete Playable Games from Detailed Specifications?cited by 0
- 2026Code2Games: Enabling Coding Agents for Gaming World Generationcited by 0
- 2026GAMEGO: Training Game-Dev Agents with Synthetic Trajectories Anchored in Real-World Assetscited by 0
- 2026Recursive Game Creator: An Agentic Product-Level Experience-Oriented Game Harnesscited by 0
- 2026WorldSolver: Can LLM Agents Simulate the Physical Dynamics via Solver Generation?cited by 0
- 2026Game-Creation-Agents: Autonomous Game Productioncited by 0
- 2026Game-Creation-Agents: Autonomous Game Production12 Oct 2026
- 2026WorldSolver: Can LLM Agents Simulate the Physical Dynamics via Solver Generation?6 Oct 2026
- 2026Recursive Game Creator: An Agentic Product-Level Experience-Oriented Game Harness6 Oct 2026
- 2026Code2Games: Enabling Coding Agents for Gaming World Generation4 Oct 2026
- 2026Spec2Game: Can LLMs Generate Complete Playable Games from Detailed Specifications?3 Oct 2026
- 2026GAMEGO: Training Game-Dev Agents with Synthetic Trajectories Anchored in Real-World Assets2 Oct 2026
- 2026A2Z GameSpec-Bench: How Faithfully Can Coding Agents Generate Games from Game Design Specifications?30 Sep 2026
- 2026SWE-Game: Can Coding Agents Build the Games We Want?27 Sep 2026
- 2026GameASG-Bench: Benchmarking Autonomous Software Generation for Game Development18 Sep 2026
- 2026AI for Games in the Foundation Model Era15 Sep 2026
- 2026Code World Model: Coding Agent as World Brain26 Aug 2026
- 2026From Generation to Simulation: How Far Are World Models from Being True Simulators?24 Aug 2026
6 more
- 2026GameXpert-Bench: How Far Are Coding Agents from Expert Game Development?22 Aug 2026
- 2026MAGIC: Transition-Aware Generation of Navigable Multi-Scene Game Worlds with Large Language Models13 Jul 2026
- 2026UniCoder: Unified Visual-to-Code Generation via Symbolic Rewards and Reference-Guided Code Optimization30 Jun 2026
- 2026The Verifier is the Curriculum: Precision Sets the Return on Search in Code Self-Distillation23 Jun 2026
- 2026GameCraft-Bench: Can Agents Build Playable Games End-to-End in a Real Game Engine?16 Jun 2026
- 2026GUI Agents for Continual Game Generation27 May 2026
- 2026GameCraft-Bench: Can Agents Build Playable Games End-to-End in a Real Game Engine?cited by 22
- 2026GUI Agents for Continual Game Generationcited by 18
- 2026GameXpert-Bench: How Far Are Coding Agents from Expert Game Development?cited by 8
- 2026SWE-Game: Can Coding Agents Build the Games We Want?cited by 0
- 2026A2Z GameSpec-Bench: How Faithfully Can Coding Agents Generate Games from Game Design Specifications?cited by 0
- 2026Code2Games: Enabling Coding Agents for Gaming World Generationcited by 0
- 2026GAMEGO: Training Game-Dev Agents with Synthetic Trajectories Anchored in Real-World Assetscited by 0
- 2026Recursive Game Creator: An Agentic Product-Level Experience-Oriented Game Harnesscited by 0
- 2026WorldSolver: Can LLM Agents Simulate the Physical Dynamics via Solver Generation?cited by 0
- 2026WorldSolver: Can LLM Agents Simulate the Physical Dynamics via Solver Generation?6 Oct 2026
- 2026Recursive Game Creator: An Agentic Product-Level Experience-Oriented Game Harness6 Oct 2026
- 2026Code2Games: Enabling Coding Agents for Gaming World Generation4 Oct 2026
- 2026GAMEGO: Training Game-Dev Agents with Synthetic Trajectories Anchored in Real-World Assets2 Oct 2026
- 2026A2Z GameSpec-Bench: How Faithfully Can Coding Agents Generate Games from Game Design Specifications?30 Sep 2026
- 2026SWE-Game: Can Coding Agents Build the Games We Want?27 Sep 2026
- 2026GameXpert-Bench: How Far Are Coding Agents from Expert Game Development?22 Aug 2026
- 2026GameCraft-Bench: Can Agents Build Playable Games End-to-End in a Real Game Engine?16 Jun 2026
- 2026GUI Agents for Continual Game Generation27 May 2026
- 2026Code World Model: Coding Agent as World Braincited by 14
- 2026AI for Games in the Foundation Model Eracited by 3
- 2026From Generation to Simulation: How Far Are World Models from Being True Simulators?cited by 0
- 2026AI for Games in the Foundation Model Era15 Sep 2026
- 2026Code World Model: Coding Agent as World Brain26 Aug 2026
- 2026From Generation to Simulation: How Far Are World Models from Being True Simulators?24 Aug 2026
- 2026MAGIC: Transition-Aware Generation of Navigable Multi-Scene Game Worlds with Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026GameASG-Bench: Benchmarking Autonomous Software Generation for Game Developmentcited by 1
- 2026Spec2Game: Can LLMs Generate Complete Playable Games from Detailed Specifications?cited by 0
- 2026Game-Creation-Agents: Autonomous Game Productioncited by 0
- 2026Game-Creation-Agents: Autonomous Game Production12 Oct 2026
- 2026Spec2Game: Can LLMs Generate Complete Playable Games from Detailed Specifications?3 Oct 2026
- 2026GameASG-Bench: Benchmarking Autonomous Software Generation for Game Development18 Sep 2026
- 2026MAGIC: Transition-Aware Generation of Navigable Multi-Scene Game Worlds with Large Language Models13 Jul 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026OpenGameEval: Benchmarking Agentic Programming and Exploration in a Stateful Game Engine
- 2026WebGameBench: Requirement-to-Application Evaluation for Coding Agents via Browser-Native Games
- 2026GameLogicBench: Evaluating Coding Agents on Runtime Game Logic with Tick-Level State Assertions
- 2026GameDevBench: Evaluating Agentic Capabilities Through Game Development
- 2026Compiled Agency: Frontier General-Purpose Coding Agents Build Winning Game Players from Bare Interaction - from Flappy Bird to StarCraft II and Civilization
- 2026RSIGame: Autonomous Agentic Game Development with Recursive Self-improvement
- 2026GameEngineBench: Evaluating Coding Agents on Real C++ Runtime Environments
- 2026GameReplica: A Benchmark for Black-Box Visual Game Replication by Vision-Language Agents