Spec2Game: Can LLMs Generate Complete Playable Games from Detailed Specifications?
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Abstract (arXiv)
Generating an executable program does not necessarily mean that it correctly implements the behavioral requirements specified in natural language. To evaluate large language models' ability to realize detailed specifications as complete interactive programs, we introduce Spec2Game, a benchmark that requires models to generate complete Pygame projects from detailed natural-language game specifications. Spec2Game comprises 15 game families and 150 task instances, with one canonical task and nine controlled rule variants per family, spanning three levels of implementation complexity. Using source-code, runtime, and visual evidence, we evaluate generated projects along four dimensions---Executability, Specification Realization, Code Quality, and User-Facing Quality. Across 14 LLMs and 3,330 generated projects, we find that high executability does not imply faithful specification realization. Component-level analysis further shows that models perform substantially better on Game Element Modeling than on Rule and Mechanism Modeling or Goal and Termination Modeling, indicating that faithfully implementing game rules and termination logic remains a major challenge.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Oct 2026.
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References · 13
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,637
- 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,373
- 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 2,004
- 2023Is Your Code Generated by ChatGPT Really Correct? Rigorous Evaluation of Large Language Models for Code Generationcited by 1,391
- 2025ArtifactsBench: Bridging the Visual-Interactive Gap in LLM Code Generation Evaluationcited by 42
- 2026GameDevBench: Evaluating Agentic Capabilities Through Game Developmentcited by 28
- 2026WebCoderBench: Benchmarking Web Application Generation with Comprehensive and Interpretable Evaluation Metricscited by 18
- 2026OpenGame: Open Agentic Coding for Gamescited by 18
- 2026WebGameBench: Requirement-to-Application Evaluation for Coding Agents via Browser-Native Gamescited by 12
- 2026PlayCoder: Making LLM-Generated GUI Code Playablecited by 11
- 2026GameGen-Verifier: Parallel Keypoint-Based Verification for LLM-Generated Games via Runtime State Injectioncited by 11
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