mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Stable Score Distillation for High-Quality 3D Generation

arXiv 2312.09305 ↗First posted 14 Dec 2023cs.CVcited by 27

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Abstract (arXiv)

Although Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) has exhibited remarkable performance in conditional 3D content generation, a comprehensive understanding of its formulation is still lacking, hindering the development of 3D generation. In this work, we decompose SDS as a combination of three functional components, namely mode-seeking, mode-disengaging and variance-reducing terms, analyzing the properties of each. We show that problems such as over-smoothness and implausibility result from the intrinsic deficiency of the first two terms and propose a more advanced variance-reducing term than that introduced by SDS. Based on the analysis, we propose a simple yet effective approach named Stable Score Distillation (SSD) which strategically orchestrates each term for high-quality 3D generation and can be readily incorporated to various 3D generation frameworks and 3D representations. Extensive experiments validate the efficacy of our approach, demonstrating its ability to generate high-fidelity 3D content without succumbing to issues such as over-smoothness.

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Dec 2023.

Builds on

44 of 53 references.

References · 44

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  4. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  5. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  6. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  7. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  8. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
  9. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
  10. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
  11. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  12. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
32 more
  1. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  2. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusioncited by 3,006
  3. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
  4. 2022Objaverse: A Universe of Annotated 3D Objectscited by 1,522
  5. 2023Zero-1-to-3: Zero-shot One Image to 3D Objectcited by 1,483
  6. 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creationcited by 1,285
  7. 2021Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Conceptscited by 1,209
  8. 2023ProlificDreamer: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-3D Generation with Variational Score Distillationcited by 1,207
  9. 2023MVDream: Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generationcited by 928
  10. 2023Fantasia3D: Disentangling Geometry and Appearance for High-quality Text-to-3D Content Creationcited by 684
  11. 2023Wonder3D: Single Image to 3D using Cross-Domain Diffusioncited by 682
  12. 2023SyncDreamer: Generating Multiview-consistent Images from a Single-view Imagecited by 638
  13. 2022Score Jacobian Chaining: Lifting Pretrained 2D Diffusion Models for 3D Generationcited by 597
  14. 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priorscited by 395
  15. 2023Make-It-3D: High-Fidelity 3D Creation from A Single Image with Diffusion Priorcited by 341
  16. 2022Perception Prioritized Training of Diffusion Modelscited by 301
  17. 2023LucidDreamer: Towards High-Fidelity Text-to-3D Generation via Interval Score Matchingcited by 290
  18. 2017Parallel WaveNet: Fast High-Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 214
  19. 2023DreamAvatar: Text-and-Shape Guided 3D Human Avatar Generation via Diffusion Modelscited by 154
  20. 2023Re-imagine the Negative Prompt Algorithm: Transform 2D Diffusion into 3D, alleviate Janus problem and Beyondcited by 139
  21. 2023SweetDreamer: Aligning Geometric Priors in 2D Diffusion for Consistent Text-to-3Dcited by 134
  22. 2023Text-to-3D with Classifier Score Distillationcited by 127
  23. 2023TADA! Text to Animatable Digital Avatarscited by 109
  24. 2023Noise-Free Score Distillationcited by 99
  25. 2023AvatarCraft: Transforming Text into Neural Human Avatars with Parameterized Shape and Pose Controlcited by 84
  26. 2023Consistent123: Improve Consistency for One Image to 3D Object Synthesiscited by 84
  27. 2023DreamWaltz: Make a Scene with Complex 3D Animatable Avatarscited by 82
  28. 2023DreamTime: An Improved Optimization Strategy for Diffusion-Guided 3D Generationcited by 81
  29. 2023Consistent-1-to-3: Consistent Image to 3D View Synthesis via Geometry-aware Diffusion Modelscited by 79
  30. 2023AvatarVerse: High-quality & Stable 3D Avatar Creation from Text and Posecited by 60
  31. 2023HeadSculpt: Crafting 3D Head Avatars with Textcited by 48
  32. 2023TOSS:High-quality Text-guided Novel View Synthesis from a Single Imagecited by 26

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 12; 2025: 11; 2026: 4.

27 papers.

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  1. 2024CamI2V: Camera-Controlled Image-to-Video Diffusion Modelcited by 115
  2. 2024Score Distillation via Reparametrized DDIMcited by 41
  3. 2024ScaleDreamer: Scalable Text-to-3D Synthesis with Asynchronous Score Distillationcited by 27
  4. 2024Collaborative Control for Geometry-Conditioned PBR Image Generationcited by 22
  5. 2024Atlas3D: Physically Constrained Self-Supporting Text-to-3D for Simulation and Fabricationcited by 19
  6. 2024Text-to-3D Shape Generationcited by 13
  7. 2024How to Use Diffusion Priors under Sparse Views?cited by 8
  8. 2026PhysForge: Generating Physics-Grounded 3D Assets for Interactive Virtual Worldcited by 8
  9. 2025Progressive Rendering Distillation: Adapting Stable Diffusion for Instant Text-to-Mesh Generation without 3D Datacited by 7
  10. 2024PlacidDreamer: Advancing Harmony in Text-to-3D Generationcited by 6
  11. 2025LiON-LoRA: Rethinking LoRA Fusion to Unify Controllable Spatial and Temporal Generation for Video Diffusioncited by 6
  12. 2025Vision-Language Models as Differentiable Semantic and Spatial Rewards for Text-to-3D Generationcited by 6
15 more
  1. 2024DreamMapping: High-Fidelity Text-to-3D Generation via Variational Distribution Mappingcited by 5
  2. 2024InstructHumans: Editing Animated 3D Human Textures with Instructionscited by 4
  3. 2024MicroDreamer: Efficient 3D Generation in ~20 Seconds by Score-based Iterative Reconstructioncited by 4
  4. 2024Flow Score Distillation for Diverse Text-to-3D Generationcited by 4
  5. 2026BiMotion: B-spline Motion for Text-guided Dynamic 3D Character Generationcited by 4
  6. 2025Text-to-3D Generation using Jensen-Shannon Score Distillationcited by 2
  7. 2025Consistent Story Generation: Unlocking the Potential of Zigzag Samplingcited by 2
  8. 2025AnchorDS: Anchoring Dynamic Sources for Semantically Consistent Text-to-3D Generationcited by 2
  9. 2025Towards More Accurate Personalized Image Generation: Addressing Overfitting and Evaluation Biascited by 1
  10. 2025Dive3D: Diverse Distillation-based Text-to-3D Generation via Score Implicit Matchingcited by 1
  11. 2025DreamComposer++: Empowering Diffusion Models with Multi-View Conditions for 3D Content Generationcited by 1
  12. 2025TriDiff-4D: Fast 4D Generation through Diffusion-based Triplane Re-posingcited by 1
  13. 2025Advancing Text-to-3D Generation with Linearized Lookahead Variational Score Distillationcited by 0
  14. 2026Learning 3D Editing without Paired Supervision via Generative Prior Distillationcited by 0
  15. 2026Zero-shot rib design: merging training-free generative prior with topology optimizationcited by 0