mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialects

arXiv 2309.07445 ↗First posted 14 Sep 2023cs.CLcited by 149

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Abstract (arXiv)

Despite the progress we have recorded in the last few years in multilingual natural language processing, evaluation is typically limited to a small set of languages with available datasets which excludes a large number of low-resource languages. In this paper, we created SIB-200 -- a large-scale open-sourced benchmark dataset for topic classification in 200 languages and dialects to address the lack of evaluation dataset for Natural Language Understanding (NLU). For many of the languages covered in SIB-200, this is the first publicly available evaluation dataset for NLU. The dataset is based on Flores-200 machine translation corpus. We annotated the English portion of the dataset and extended the sentence-level annotation to the remaining 203 languages covered in the corpus. Despite the simplicity of this task, our evaluation in full-supervised setting, cross-lingual transfer setting and prompting of large language model setting show that there is still a large gap between the performance of high-resource and low-resource languages when multilingual evaluation is scaled to numerous world languages. We found that languages unseen during the pre-training of multilingual language models, under-represented language families (like Nilotic and Altantic-Congo), and languages from the regions of Africa, Americas, Oceania and South East Asia, often have the lowest performance on our topic classification dataset. We hope our dataset will encourage a more inclusive evaluation of multilingual language models on a more diverse set of languages. https://github.com/dadelani/sib-200

Key facts. Cited by 149 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 66 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Sep 2023.

Builds on

49 of 66 references.

References · 49

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37 more
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 41; 2025: 67; 2026: 39.

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  1. 2024Why do language models perform worse for morphologically complex languages?cited by 62
  2. 2024DIALECTBENCH: A NLP Benchmark for Dialects, Varieties, and Closely-Related Languagescited by 49
  3. 2023AfroBench: How Good are Large Language Models on African Languages?cited by 43
  4. 2024IrokoBench: A New Benchmark for African Languages in the Age of Large Language Modelscited by 43
  5. 2024SEACrowd: A Multilingual Multimodal Data Hub and Benchmark Suite for Southeast Asian Languagescited by 41
  6. 2024MAGNET: Improving the Multilingual Fairness of Language Models with Adaptive Gradient-Based Tokenizationcited by 31
  7. 2026When AI Benchmarks Plateau: A Systematic Study of Benchmark Saturationcited by 29
  8. 2024MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 28
  9. 2025Evaluating Morphological Alignment of Tokenizers in 70 Languagescited by 22
  10. 2024Unlocking the Potential of Model Merging for Low-Resource Languagescited by 19
  11. 2024InkubaLM: A small language model for low-resource African languagescited by 18
  12. 2024Evaluating the Capabilities of Large Language Models for Multi-label Emotion Understandingcited by 17
38 more
  1. 2024EMMA-500: Enhancing Massively Multilingual Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 16
  2. 2025Charting the Landscape of African NLP: Mapping Progress and Shaping the Road Aheadcited by 15
  3. 2024What Drives Performance in Multilingual Language Models?cited by 14
  4. 2024Breaking the Script Barrier in Multilingual Pre-Trained Language Models with Transliteration-Based Post-Training Alignmentcited by 14
  5. 2024Better to Ask in English: Evaluation of Large Language Models on English, Low-resource and Cross-Lingual Settingscited by 14
  6. 2025Multilingual Pretraining for Pixel Language Modelscited by 12
  7. 2026AfriqueLLM: How Data Mixing and Model Architecture Impact Continued Pre-training for African Languagescited by 12
  8. 2024LexC-Gen: Generating Data for Extremely Low-Resource Languages with Large Language Models and Bilingual Lexiconscited by 11
  9. 2024SambaLingo: Teaching Large Language Models New Languagescited by 11
  10. 2024MINERS: Multilingual Language Models as Semantic Retrieverscited by 11
  11. 2024The Responsible Foundation Model Development Cheatsheet: A Review of Tools & Resourcescited by 11
  12. 2025AFRIDOC-MT: Document-level MT Corpus for African Languagescited by 11
  13. 2025AfriHate: A Multilingual Collection of Hate Speech and Abusive Language Datasets for African Languagescited by 10
  14. 2025Analyzing the Effect of Linguistic Similarity on Cross-Lingual Transfer: Tasks and Experimental Setups Mattercited by 10
  15. 2025Rethinking Multilingual Continual Pretraining: Data Mixing for Adapting LLMs Across Languages and Resourcescited by 10
  16. 2025SSA-COMET: Do LLMs Outperform Learned Metrics in Evaluating MT for Under-Resourced African Languages?cited by 10
  17. 2026F2LLM-v2: Inclusive, Performant, and Efficient Embeddings for a Multilingual Worldcited by 10
  18. 2024Natural Language Processing RELIES on Linguisticscited by 9
  19. 2024TransMI: A Framework to Create Strong Baselines from Multilingual Pretrained Language Models for Transliterated Datacited by 9
  20. 2025Where Are We? Evaluating LLM Performance on African Languagescited by 9
  21. 2025Tokenization and Representation Biases in Multilingual Models on Dialectal NLP Taskscited by 9
  22. 2025BabyBabelLM: A Multilingual Benchmark of Developmentally Plausible Training Datacited by 9
  23. 2024Exploring the Role of Transliteration in In-Context Learning for Low-resource Languages Written in Non-Latin Scriptscited by 8
  24. 2025FLEXITOKENS: Flexible Tokenization for Evolving Language Modelscited by 8
  25. 2024Soft Prompt Tuning for Cross-Lingual Transfer: When Less is Morecited by 7
  26. 2024GrEmLIn: A Repository of Green Baseline Embeddings for 87 Low-Resource Languages Injected with Multilingual Graph Knowledgecited by 7
  27. 2024State of NLP in Kenya: A Surveycited by 7
  28. 2024Uhura: A Benchmark for Evaluating Scientific Question Answering and Truthfulness in Low-Resource African Languagescited by 7
  29. 2024LuxEmbedder: A Cross-Lingual Approach to Enhanced Luxembourgish Sentence Embeddingscited by 7
  30. 2024The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Modelscited by 7
  31. 2025mSTEB: Massively Multilingual Evaluation of LLMs on Speech and Text Taskscited by 7
  32. 2025The AI Language Proficiency Monitor -- Tracking the Progress of LLMs on Multilingual Benchmarkscited by 7
  33. 2025Cetvel: A Unified Benchmark for Evaluating Language Understanding, Generation and Cultural Capacity of LLMs for Turkishcited by 7
  34. 2025HUME: Measuring the Human-Model Performance Gap in Text Embedding Taskscited by 7
  35. 2024How Transliterations Improve Crosslingual Alignmentcited by 6
  36. 2024Beyond Data Quantity: Key Factors Driving Performance in Multilingual Language Modelscited by 6
  37. 2025Overcoming Vocabulary Constraints with Pixel-level Fallbackcited by 6
  38. 2025From Unaligned to Aligned: Scaling Multilingual LLMs with Multi-Way Parallel Corporacited by 6

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