mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Evaluating and Benchmarking the System One Model Jev

arXiv 2609.37647 ↗First posted 29 Sep 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 9

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Jev is a commercial System One model from TypeSafe AI that does not generate text: given a state and typed questions, it returns a choice from fixed options, a position on a rubric, or the probability that a statement is true, with probabilities the vendor describes as calibrated. Such models target small decisions in information access pipelines, such as routing queries, checking grounding, moderating content, or rating against a rubric. We evaluate Jev (jev-1.13.0) zero-shot on 37 datasets spanning classification, routing, natural language inference, reading comprehension, commonsense reasoning, moderation, legal clause analysis and rubric scoring, with one frozen template per dataset and full evaluation splits: 346,009 requests for under USD 10. For reference, we score Qwen3.8-27B and Gemma-4-E4B on identical requests via their exact next-token probabilities over the options. Jev reaches 95-99% accuracy on IMDB, SST-2, HellaSwag and ARC and 86.7% on Belebele across 122 languages. It beats Qwen on 27 of 37 datasets, with none of Qwen's nine leads outside the bootstrap intervals, and Gemma on all 37. All three models degrade on low-resource languages, fine-grained or noisy labels, and rubric-based quality judgments. Jev's choice probabilities are well calibrated and support selective prediction. Binary probabilities rank well but are poorly placed relative to a fixed 0.5 threshold; thresholds tuned on training data raise micro-F1 on UNFAIR-ToS from 0.50 to 0.75. Jev answers MMLU's calculation-heavy questions more accurately than other MMLU questions (94% vs. 91%), whereas both open models, and all three on C-Eval, find them harder. Rotating the options leaves Jev's accuracy unchanged and withholding the question drops it to near chance, ruling out shallow memorization but not memorized question-answer pairs. We release the code, harness and all raw responses.

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Sep 2026.

Builds on

43 of 63 references.

References · 43

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  3. 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,960
  4. 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,899
  5. 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,886
  6. 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,100
  7. 2015Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classificationcited by 2,330
  8. 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,276
  9. 2019BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questionscited by 2,183
  10. 2022Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language modelscited by 1,998
  11. 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,822
  12. 2019PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answeringcited by 1,288
31 more
  1. 2017SemEval-2017 Task 1: Semantic Textual Similarity - Multilingual and Cross-lingual Focused Evaluationcited by 1,001
  2. 2017Selective Classification for Deep Neural Networkscited by 852
  3. 2023Just Ask for Calibration: Strategies for Eliciting Calibrated Confidence Scores from Language Models Fine-Tuned with Human Feedbackcited by 812
  4. 2019Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language Understandingcited by 807
  5. 2023C-Eval: A Multi-Level Multi-Discipline Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Modelscited by 708
  6. 2020SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluationcited by 674
  7. 2023Prometheus: Inducing Fine-grained Evaluation Capability in Language Modelscited by 575
  8. 2021Datasets: A Community Library for Natural Language Processingcited by 530
  9. 2020GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotionscited by 486
  10. 2020Efficient Intent Detection with Dual Sentence Encoderscited by 433
  11. 2022ToxiGen: A Large-Scale Machine-Generated Dataset for Adversarial and Implicit Hate Speech Detectioncited by 422
  12. 2019PAWS: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scramblingcited by 402
  13. 2019An Evaluation Dataset for Intent Classification and Out-of-Scope Predictioncited by 386
  14. 2019FinBERT: Financial Sentiment Analysis with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 385
  15. 2022A Holistic Approach to Undesired Content Detection in the Real Worldcited by 356
  16. 2023NLP Evaluation in trouble: On the Need to Measure LLM Data Contamination for each Benchmarkcited by 348
  17. 2023The Belebele Benchmark: a Parallel Reading Comprehension Dataset in 122 Language Variantscited by 311
  18. 2013Good Debt or Bad Debt: Detecting Semantic Orientations in Economic Textscited by 310
  19. 2021LexGLUE: A Benchmark Dataset for Legal Language Understanding in Englishcited by 310
  20. 2019Benchmarking Zero-shot Text Classification: Datasets, Evaluation and Entailment Approachcited by 308
  21. 2019Abductive Commonsense Reasoningcited by 301
  22. 2024MiniCheck: Efficient Fact-Checking of LLMs on Grounding Documentscited by 257
  23. 2024HelpSteer2: Open-source dataset for training top-performing reward modelscited by 236
  24. 2023ToxicChat: Unveiling Hidden Challenges of Toxicity Detection in Real-World User-AI Conversationcited by 231
  25. 2023SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialectscited by 152
  26. 2023Large language models can accurately predict searcher preferencescited by 131
  27. 2023Perspectives on Large Language Models for Relevance Judgmentcited by 85
  28. 2024Artifacts or Abduction: How Do LLMs Answer Multiple-Choice Questions Without the Question?cited by 71
  29. 2024IrokoBench: A New Benchmark for African Languages in the Age of Large Language Modelscited by 43
  30. 2024AGB-DE: A Corpus for the Automated Legal Assessment of Clauses in German Consumer Contractscited by 4
  31. 2025TickIt: Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Ticket Escalationcited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 9.

9 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Chinese-Jev: Bringing System One Model to Chinese-Language Tasks
  2. 2026Can Jev be Your Q or Policy in Reinforcement Learning?
  3. 2026Same Attack, Different Judge: A First Controlled Adversarial Comparison of Jev, LLM Judges, and Purpose-Built Safety Classifiers
  4. 2026JEV-as-a-Judge: Accept When Confident, Escalate When Unsure
  5. 2026General Decision Models: Benchmarking and Insights Beyond Jev
  6. 2026JevAdvBench: A Benchmark and Black-Box Attacks for Reinforcement Learning for Calibrated Decisions Models
  7. 2026Jev-as-a-Judge for RAG Claim Verification: Confidence-Gated Cascading Between a Non-Generative Verifier and a Frontier LLM
  8. 2026Fast Models, Slow Evidence: A Paired and Self-Audited Evaluation of System-1 Decision Models for LLM Agent Harnesses