AI4Bharat-IndicNLP Corpus: Monolingual Corpora and Word Embeddings for Indic Languages
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present the IndicNLP corpus, a large-scale, general-domain corpus containing 2.7 billion words for 10 Indian languages from two language families. We share pre-trained word embeddings trained on these corpora. We create news article category classification datasets for 9 languages to evaluate the embeddings. We show that the IndicNLP embeddings significantly outperform publicly available pre-trained embedding on multiple evaluation tasks. We hope that the availability of the corpus will accelerate Indic NLP research. The resources are available at https://github.com/ai4bharat-indicnlp/indicnlp_corpus.
Key facts. Cited by 43 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 30 Apr 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 7; 2023: 6; 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 9.
43 papers.
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- 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
- 2023SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialectscited by 149
- 2023The BigScience ROOTS Corpus: A 1.6TB Composite Multilingual Datasetcited by 148
- 2024CVQA: Culturally-diverse Multilingual Visual Question Answering Benchmarkcited by 118
- 2022Re-contextualizing Fairness in NLP: The Case of Indiacited by 55
- 2023Tamil-Llama: A New Tamil Language Model Based on Llama 2cited by 31
- 2023MasakhaNEWS: News Topic Classification for African languagescited by 30
- 2021Quantifying Gender Bias Towards Politicians in Cross-Lingual Language Modelscited by 15
- 2023L3Cube-IndicSBERT: A simple approach for learning cross-lingual sentence representations using multilingual BERTcited by 15
- 2021A Review of Bangla Natural Language Processing Tasks and the Utility of Transformer Modelscited by 13
- 2025Tokenization Matters: Improving Zero-Shot NER for Indic Languagescited by 12
- 2022L3Cube-MahaSBERT and HindSBERT: Sentence BERT Models and Benchmarking BERT Sentence Representations for Hindi and Marathicited by 10
31 more
- 2025Rethinking Tokenization for Rich Morphology: The Dominance of Unigram over BPE and Morphological Alignmentcited by 9
- 2024L3Cube-IndicNews: News-based Short Text and Long Document Classification Datasets in Indic Languagescited by 8
- 2021Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Hostility Detection in Hindi Textcited by 7
- 2022Mitigating Gender Stereotypes in Hindi and Marathicited by 6
- 2024Standard Language Ideology in AI-Generated Languagecited by 5
- 2021Unsupervised Machine Translation On Dravidian Languagescited by 4
- 2025NusaAksara: A Multimodal and Multilingual Benchmark for Preserving Indonesian Indigenous Scriptscited by 4
- 2025SenWiCh: Sense-Annotation of Low-Resource Languages for WiC using Hybrid Methodscited by 4
- 2021Crosslingual Embeddings are Essential in UNMT for Distant Languages: An English to IndoAryan Case Studycited by 3
- 2021Cognition-aware Cognate Detectioncited by 3
- 2024HindiLLM: Large Language Model for Hindicited by 3
- 2022Cost-Effective Training in Low-Resource Neural Machine Translationcited by 2
- 2025BhashaKritika: Building Synthetic Pretraining Data at Scale for Indic Languagescited by 2
- 2024Krutrim LLM: A Novel Tokenization Strategy for Multilingual Indic Languages with Petabyte-Scale Data Processingcited by 1
- 2025BHRAM-IL: A Benchmark for Hallucination Recognition and Assessment in Multiple Indian Languagescited by 1
- 2021HinFlair: pre-trained contextual string embeddings for pos tagging and text classification in the Hindi languagecited by 0
- 2022Detecting Anchors' Opinion in Hinghlish News Deliverycited by 0
- 2022Part-of-Speech Tagging of Odia Language Using statistical and Deep Learning-Based Approachescited by 0
- 2023Cordyceps@LT-EDI: Patching Language-Specific Homophobia/Transphobia Classifiers with a Multilingual Understandingcited by 0
- 2024A Review of the Marathi Natural Language Processingcited by 0
- 2025Low-Resource Language Processing: An OCR-Driven Summarization and Translation Pipelinecited by 0
- 2025MahaParaphrase: A Marathi Paraphrase Detection Corpus and BERT-based Modelscited by 0
- 2026NepTam: A Nepali-Tamang Parallel Corpus and Baseline Machine Translation Experimentscited by 0
- 2026Chitrakshara: A Large Multilingual Multimodal Dataset for Indian languagescited by 0
- 2026SiPaKosa: A Comprehensive Corpus of Canonical and Classical Buddhist Texts in Sinhala and Palicited by 0
- 2026HiMed: Incentivizing Hindi Reasoning in Medical LLMscited by 0
- 2026BHARATI: Morphology-Aware Tokenizers for Classical Indian Languages with Subword Fertility Analysiscited by 0
- 2026BnBERT-iPET: Sparse Few-Shot Language Modeling for Bengali via Lottery Ticket Pruningcited by 0
- 2026IndicDetect: Evaluating Cross-Lingual LLM-Generated Text Detection for Hindi, Telugu, and Tamilcited by 0
- 2026Vectorizing Classical Tamil: Representation Learning for Verse-Commentary Pairscited by 0
- 2026Scaling Hindi Quantum Natural Language Processing through Automatic Pregroup Supertaggingcited by 0
- 2026Scaling Hindi Quantum Natural Language Processing through Automatic Pregroup Supertagging12 Sep 2026
- 2026Vectorizing Classical Tamil: Representation Learning for Verse-Commentary Pairs4 Sep 2026
- 2026IndicDetect: Evaluating Cross-Lingual LLM-Generated Text Detection for Hindi, Telugu, and Tamil30 Aug 2026
- 2026BnBERT-iPET: Sparse Few-Shot Language Modeling for Bengali via Lottery Ticket Pruning5 Aug 2026
- 2026BHARATI: Morphology-Aware Tokenizers for Classical Indian Languages with Subword Fertility Analysis25 Jul 2026
- 2026HiMed: Incentivizing Hindi Reasoning in Medical LLMs23 May 2026
- 2026SiPaKosa: A Comprehensive Corpus of Canonical and Classical Buddhist Texts in Sinhala and Pali31 Mar 2026
- 2026NepTam: A Nepali-Tamang Parallel Corpus and Baseline Machine Translation Experiments14 Mar 2026
- 2026Chitrakshara: A Large Multilingual Multimodal Dataset for Indian languages6 Mar 2026
- 2025BHRAM-IL: A Benchmark for Hallucination Recognition and Assessment in Multiple Indian Languages1 Dec 2025
- 2025BhashaKritika: Building Synthetic Pretraining Data at Scale for Indic Languages13 Nov 2025
- 2025MahaParaphrase: A Marathi Paraphrase Detection Corpus and BERT-based Models24 Aug 2025
31 more
- 2025Rethinking Tokenization for Rich Morphology: The Dominance of Unigram over BPE and Morphological Alignment11 Aug 2025
- 2025SenWiCh: Sense-Annotation of Low-Resource Languages for WiC using Hybrid Methods29 May 2025
- 2025Low-Resource Language Processing: An OCR-Driven Summarization and Translation Pipeline16 May 2025
- 2025Tokenization Matters: Improving Zero-Shot NER for Indic Languages23 Apr 2025
- 2025NusaAksara: A Multimodal and Multilingual Benchmark for Preserving Indonesian Indigenous Scripts25 Feb 2025
- 2024HindiLLM: Large Language Model for Hindi29 Dec 2024
- 2024A Review of the Marathi Natural Language Processing20 Dec 2024
- 2024Krutrim LLM: A Novel Tokenization Strategy for Multilingual Indic Languages with Petabyte-Scale Data Processing17 Jul 2024
- 2024Standard Language Ideology in AI-Generated Language13 Jun 2024
- 2024CVQA: Culturally-diverse Multilingual Visual Question Answering Benchmark10 Jun 2024
- 2024L3Cube-IndicNews: News-based Short Text and Long Document Classification Datasets in Indic Languages4 Jan 2024
- 2023Tamil-Llama: A New Tamil Language Model Based on Llama 210 Nov 2023
- 2023Cordyceps@LT-EDI: Patching Language-Specific Homophobia/Transphobia Classifiers with a Multilingual Understanding24 Sep 2023
- 2023SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialects14 Sep 2023
- 2023L3Cube-IndicSBERT: A simple approach for learning cross-lingual sentence representations using multilingual BERT22 Apr 2023
- 2023MasakhaNEWS: News Topic Classification for African languages19 Apr 2023
- 2023The BigScience ROOTS Corpus: A 1.6TB Composite Multilingual Dataset7 Mar 2023
- 2022L3Cube-MahaSBERT and HindSBERT: Sentence BERT Models and Benchmarking BERT Sentence Representations for Hindi and Marathi21 Nov 2022
- 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model9 Nov 2022
- 2022Re-contextualizing Fairness in NLP: The Case of India25 Sep 2022
- 2022Part-of-Speech Tagging of Odia Language Using statistical and Deep Learning-Based Approaches7 Jul 2022
- 2022Mitigating Gender Stereotypes in Hindi and Marathi12 May 2022
- 2022Detecting Anchors' Opinion in Hinghlish News Delivery5 Apr 2022
- 2022Cost-Effective Training in Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation14 Jan 2022
- 2021Cognition-aware Cognate Detection15 Dec 2021
- 2021A Review of Bangla Natural Language Processing Tasks and the Utility of Transformer Models8 Jul 2021
- 2021Crosslingual Embeddings are Essential in UNMT for Distant Languages: An English to IndoAryan Case Study9 Jun 2021
- 2021Quantifying Gender Bias Towards Politicians in Cross-Lingual Language Models15 Apr 2021
- 2021Unsupervised Machine Translation On Dravidian Languages29 Mar 2021
- 2021HinFlair: pre-trained contextual string embeddings for pos tagging and text classification in the Hindi language18 Jan 2021
- 2021Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Hostility Detection in Hindi Text11 Jan 2021
- 2026HiMed: Incentivizing Hindi Reasoning in Medical LLMscited by 0
- 2026HiMed: Incentivizing Hindi Reasoning in Medical LLMs23 May 2026
- 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
- 2023SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialectscited by 149
- 2023The BigScience ROOTS Corpus: A 1.6TB Composite Multilingual Datasetcited by 148
- 2022Re-contextualizing Fairness in NLP: The Case of Indiacited by 55
- 2023Tamil-Llama: A New Tamil Language Model Based on Llama 2cited by 31
- 2023MasakhaNEWS: News Topic Classification for African languagescited by 30
- 2021Quantifying Gender Bias Towards Politicians in Cross-Lingual Language Modelscited by 15
- 2023L3Cube-IndicSBERT: A simple approach for learning cross-lingual sentence representations using multilingual BERTcited by 15
- 2021A Review of Bangla Natural Language Processing Tasks and the Utility of Transformer Modelscited by 13
- 2025Tokenization Matters: Improving Zero-Shot NER for Indic Languagescited by 12
- 2022L3Cube-MahaSBERT and HindSBERT: Sentence BERT Models and Benchmarking BERT Sentence Representations for Hindi and Marathicited by 10
- 2025Rethinking Tokenization for Rich Morphology: The Dominance of Unigram over BPE and Morphological Alignmentcited by 9
12 most cited of 40 All 40 (JSON)
- 2026Scaling Hindi Quantum Natural Language Processing through Automatic Pregroup Supertagging12 Sep 2026
- 2026Vectorizing Classical Tamil: Representation Learning for Verse-Commentary Pairs4 Sep 2026
- 2026IndicDetect: Evaluating Cross-Lingual LLM-Generated Text Detection for Hindi, Telugu, and Tamil30 Aug 2026
- 2026BnBERT-iPET: Sparse Few-Shot Language Modeling for Bengali via Lottery Ticket Pruning5 Aug 2026
- 2026BHARATI: Morphology-Aware Tokenizers for Classical Indian Languages with Subword Fertility Analysis25 Jul 2026
- 2026SiPaKosa: A Comprehensive Corpus of Canonical and Classical Buddhist Texts in Sinhala and Pali31 Mar 2026
- 2026NepTam: A Nepali-Tamang Parallel Corpus and Baseline Machine Translation Experiments14 Mar 2026
- 2026Chitrakshara: A Large Multilingual Multimodal Dataset for Indian languages6 Mar 2026
- 2025BHRAM-IL: A Benchmark for Hallucination Recognition and Assessment in Multiple Indian Languages1 Dec 2025
- 2025MahaParaphrase: A Marathi Paraphrase Detection Corpus and BERT-based Models24 Aug 2025
- 2025Rethinking Tokenization for Rich Morphology: The Dominance of Unigram over BPE and Morphological Alignment11 Aug 2025
- 2025SenWiCh: Sense-Annotation of Low-Resource Languages for WiC using Hybrid Methods29 May 2025
12 newest of 40 All 40 (JSON)