AfroBench: How Good are Large Language Models on African Languages?
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large-scale multilingual evaluations, such as MEGA, often include only a handful of African languages due to the scarcity of high-quality evaluation data and the limited discoverability of existing African datasets. This lack of representation hinders comprehensive LLM evaluation across a diverse range of languages and tasks. To address these challenges, we introduce AfroBench -- a multi-task benchmark for evaluating the performance of LLMs across 64 African languages, 15 tasks and 22 datasets. AfroBench consists of nine natural language understanding datasets, six text generation datasets, six knowledge and question answering tasks, and one mathematical reasoning task. We present results comparing the performance of prompting LLMs to fine-tuned baselines based on BERT and T5-style models. Our results suggest large gaps in performance between high-resource languages, such as English, and African languages across most tasks; but performance also varies based on the availability of monolingual data resources. Our findings confirm that performance on African languages continues to remain a hurdle for current LLMs, underscoring the need for additional efforts to close this gap. https://mcgill-nlp.github.io/AfroBench/
Key facts. Cited by 43 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 102 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Nov 2023.
Builds on
27 of 102 references.
References · 27
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
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- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
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- 2022Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasonerscited by 518
- 2021XL-Sum: Large-Scale Multilingual Abstractive Summarization for 44 Languagescited by 346
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- 2023MADLAD-400: A Multilingual And Document-Level Large Audited Datasetcited by 180
- 2021MasakhaNER: Named Entity Recognition for African Languagescited by 155
- 2022Adapting Pre-trained Language Models to African Languages via Multilingual Adaptive Fine-Tuningcited by 149
- 2023SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialectscited by 149
- 2022A Few Thousand Translations Go a Long Way! Leveraging Pre-trained Models for African News Translationcited by 97
- 2023AfriSenti: A Twitter Sentiment Analysis Benchmark for African Languagescited by 68
- 2023MEGAVERSE: Benchmarking Large Language Models Across Languages, Modalities, Models and Taskscited by 57
- 2023XTREME-UP: A User-Centric Scarce-Data Benchmark for Under-Represented Languagescited by 34
- 2023AfriQA: Cross-lingual Open-Retrieval Question Answering for African Languagescited by 23
- 2023MasakhaPOS: Part-of-Speech Tagging for Typologically Diverse African Languagescited by 23
- 2023NollySenti: Leveraging Transfer Learning and Machine Translation for Nigerian Movie Sentiment Classificationcited by 14
- 2023NaijaRC: A Multi-choice Reading Comprehension Dataset for Nigerian Languagescited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 12; 2025: 16; 2026: 15.
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- 2024The Impact of Demonstrations on Multilingual In-Context Learning: A Multidimensional Analysiscited by 13
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- 2026From Script to Semantics: Prompting Strategies for African NLI2 Jun 2026
- 2026DEPART: DEcomposing PARiTy across Multilingual LLMs27 May 2026
- 2026The Annotation Scarcity Paradox in Low-Resource NLP Evaluation: A Decade of Acceleration and Emerging Constraints18 May 2026
- 2026Multilinguality at the Edge: Developing Language Models for the Global South23 Apr 2026
- 2026SAFARI: A Community-Engaged Approach and Dataset of Stereotype Resources in the Sub-Saharan African Context25 Feb 2026
- 2026LLM-Powered Automatic Translation and Urgency in Crisis Scenarios13 Feb 2026
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