mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

KazByte: Adapting Qwen models to Kazakh via Byte-level Adapter

arXiv 2603.27859 ↗First posted 29 Mar 2026cs.CL cs.NA math.NAcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models fragment Kazakh text into many more tokens than equivalent English text, because their tokenizers were built for high-resource languages. This tokenizer tax inflates compute, shortens the effective context window, and weakens the model's grip on Kazakh morphology. We propose to bypass the tokenizer entirely by feeding raw bytes through a small adapter that learns to speak the internal language of a frozen Qwen2.5-7B. Once the adapter is trained, we freeze it and fine-tune only the attention layers of Qwen on Kazakh text. Our central hypothesis is that this two-stage process -- first teach the interface, then adapt the model -- should match or exceed the accuracy of the original Qwen2.5-7B on standard Kazakh benchmarks. This report describes the ByteKaz architecture and training protocol. Empirical validation is ongoing; this version stakes the design and hypotheses for the record.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Mar 2026.

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References · 14

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  2. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  3. 2021ByT5: Towards a token-free future with pre-trained byte-to-byte modelscited by 509
  4. 2023The Belebele Benchmark: a Parallel Reading Comprehension Dataset in 122 Language Variantscited by 311
  5. 2023MEGABYTE: Predicting Million-byte Sequences with Multiscale Transformerscited by 170
  6. 2023SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialectscited by 152
  7. 2024Byte Latent Transformer: Patches Scale Better Than Tokenscited by 146
  8. 2021WECHSEL: Effective initialization of subword embeddings for cross-lingual transfer of monolingual language modelscited by 89
  9. 2025Dynamic Chunking for End-to-End Hierarchical Sequence Modelingcited by 72
  10. 2024Trans-Tokenization and Cross-lingual Vocabulary Transfers: Language Adaptation of LLMs for Low-Resource NLPcited by 36
  11. 2023Tik-to-Tok: Translating Language Models One Token at a Time: An Embedding Initialization Strategy for Efficient Language Adaptationcited by 11
  12. 2025TokAlign: Efficient Vocabulary Adaptation via Token Alignmentcited by 11
2 more
  1. 2025Model-Aware Tokenizer Transfercited by 6
  2. 2026SozKZ: Training Efficient Small Language Models for Kazakh from Scratchcited by 2

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