CktGNN: Circuit Graph Neural Network for Electronic Design Automation
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Abstract (arXiv)
The electronic design automation of analog circuits has been a longstanding challenge in the integrated circuit field due to the huge design space and complex design trade-offs among circuit specifications. In the past decades, intensive research efforts have mostly been paid to automate the transistor sizing with a given circuit topology. By recognizing the graph nature of circuits, this paper presents a Circuit Graph Neural Network (CktGNN) that simultaneously automates the circuit topology generation and device sizing based on the encoder-dependent optimization subroutines. Particularly, CktGNN encodes circuit graphs using a two-level GNN framework (of nested GNN) where circuits are represented as combinations of subgraphs in a known subgraph basis. In this way, it significantly improves design efficiency by reducing the number of subgraphs to perform message passing. Nonetheless, another critical roadblock to advancing learning-assisted circuit design automation is a lack of public benchmarks to perform canonical assessment and reproducible research. To tackle the challenge, we introduce Open Circuit Benchmark (OCB), an open-sourced dataset that contains 10K distinct operational amplifiers with carefully-extracted circuit specifications. OCB is also equipped with communicative circuit generation and evaluation capabilities such that it can help to generalize CktGNN to design various analog circuits by producing corresponding datasets. Experiments on OCB show the extraordinary advantages of CktGNN through representation-based optimization frameworks over other recent powerful GNN baselines and human experts' manual designs. Our work paves the way toward a learning-based open-sourced design automation for analog circuits. Our source code is available at urlhttps://github.com/zehao-dong/CktGNN.
Key facts. Cited by 58 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Aug 2023.
Builds on
38 of 61 references.
References · 38
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 12; 2025: 21; 2026: 23.
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- 2024AnalogCoder: Analog Circuit Design via Training-Free Code Generationcited by 84
- 2025AnalogGenie: A Generative Engine for Automatic Discovery of Analog Circuit Topologiescited by 37
- 2024AnalogXpert: Automating Analog Topology Synthesis by Incorporating Circuit Design Expertise into Large Language Modelscited by 18
- 2024AMSnet-KG: A Netlist Dataset for LLM-based AMS Circuit Auto-Design Using Knowledge Graph RAGcited by 16
- 2025AnalogCoder-Pro: Unifying Analog Circuit Generation and Optimization via Multi-modal LLMscited by 15
- 2025AUTOCIRCUIT-RL: Reinforcement Learning-Driven LLM for Automated Circuit Topology Generationcited by 11
- 2024What Are Good Positional Encodings for Directed Graphs?cited by 8
- 2024LayerDAG: A Layerwise Autoregressive Diffusion Model for Directed Acyclic Graph Generationcited by 8
- 2025MuaLLM: A Multimodal Large Language Model Agent for Circuit Design Assistance with Hybrid Contextual Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 8
- 2025FALCON: An ML Framework for Fully Automated Layout-Constrained Analog Circuit Designcited by 5
- 2026AnalogAgent: Self-Improving Analog Circuit Design Automation with LLM Agentscited by 4
- 2024Highly Accurate Disease Diagnosis and Highly Reproducible Biomarker Identification with PathFormercited by 3
38 more
- 2025A Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Framework for Analog Circuits' Sizing Relationships Extractioncited by 3
- 2025CircuitSense: A Hierarchical MLLM Benchmark Bridging Visual Comprehension and Symbolic Reasoning in Engineering Design Processcited by 3
- 2026OSIRIS: Bridging Analog Circuit Design and Machine Learning with Scalable Dataset Generationcited by 3
- 2024DoseGNN: Improving the Performance of Deep Learning Models in Adaptive Dose-Volume Histogram Prediction through Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2024ShortCircuit: AlphaZero-Driven Circuit Designcited by 2
- 2024CktGen: Automated Analog Circuit Design with Generative Artificial Intelligencecited by 2
- 2024GraCo -- A Graph Composer for Integrated Circuitscited by 2
- 2025DICE: Device-level Integrated Circuits Encoder with Graph Contrastive Pretrainingcited by 2
- 2025ZeroSim: Zero-Shot Analog Circuit Evaluation with Unified Transformer Embeddingscited by 2
- 2026CircuitFormer: A Circuit Language Model for Analog Topology Design from Natural Language Promptcited by 2
- 2024A Benchmark on Directed Graph Representation Learning in Hardware Designscited by 1
- 2025Circuit Diagram Retrieval Based on Hierarchical Circuit Graph Representationcited by 1
- 2025SPICEMixer - Netlist-Level Circuit Evolutioncited by 1
- 2025Flow-Attentional Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2025Graph Neural Networks for Automatic Addition of Optimizing Components in Printed Circuit Board Schematicscited by 1
- 2025Dataset Construction for Training LLM to Learn Analog Circuit Knowledgecited by 1
- 2025When Forgetting Builds Reliability: LLM Unlearning for Reliable Hardware Code Generationcited by 1
- 2025AnalogSAGE: Self-evolving Analog Design Multi-Agents with Stratified Memory and Grounded Experiencecited by 1
- 2026PowerGenie: Analytically-Guided Evolutionary Discovery of Superior Reconfigurable Power Converterscited by 1
- 2026AstRL: Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Synthesis with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026ARCS: Autoregressive Circuit Synthesis with Topology-Aware Graph Attention and Spec Conditioningcited by 1
- 2026R2G: A Multi-View Circuit Graph Benchmark Suite from RTL to GDSIIcited by 1
- 2023Rethinking the Power of Graph Canonization in Graph Representation Learning with Stabilitycited by 0
- 2023GNNHLS: Evaluating Graph Neural Network Inference via High-Level Synthesiscited by 0
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- 2025Directed Graph Grammars for Sequence-based Learningcited by 0
- 2025Inverse Design in Distributed Circuits Using Single-Step Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2025AnalogFed: Privacy-Preserving Discovery of Analog Circuits at Scale with Federated Generative AIcited by 0
- 2025Target Circuit Matching in Large-Scale Netlists using GNN-Based Region Predictioncited by 0
- 2025State Space Models over Directed Graphscited by 0
- 2026LinkD: AutoRegressive Diffusion Model for Mechanical Linkage Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026EM-Aware Physical Synthesis: Neural Inductor Modeling and Intelligent Placement & Routing for RF Circuitscited by 0
- 2026KCLNet: Electrically Equivalence-Oriented Graph Representation Learning for Analog Circuitscited by 0
- 2026Graph Computation Meets Circuit Algebra: A Task-Aligned Analysis of Graph Neural Networks for Electronic Design Automationcited by 0
- 2026FusionCell: Cross-Attentive Fusion of Layout Geometry and Netlist Topology for Standard-Cell Performance Predictioncited by 0
- 2026SchGen: PCB Schematic Generation with Semantic-Grounded Code Representationscited by 0
- 2026EXPLORE: Exploration with Guided Search for Analog Topology Generation using Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Learning Structural Manipulability in Gate-Level Netlists Using Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026CktHGVAE: A Symmetric Design/State Heterogeneous Graph Variational Autoencoder for Transistor-level Analog/Mixed-signal Circuit Design and Analysis14 Oct 2026
- 2026Path Laplacian Encodings for Directed Graphs3 Oct 2026
- 2026SGAnalog: An End-to-End Circuit Benchmark from Open-Source Silicon Tapeouts2 Oct 2026
- 2026cktFormer: Transformer-Based Approach for Automated Analog Circuit Design29 Sep 2026
- 2026Long-Horizon Analog Design Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hours-Long Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design Tasks27 Sep 2026
- 2026Analog-DB: An Agent-First Analog Integrated Circuit Database, From Blocks to Systems1 Sep 2026
- 2026AaLLM: An End-to-End Analog Circuit Design Framework from Topology Generation to Sizing Using Large Language Models13 Aug 2026
- 2026Finding the Needle in a Haystack: Test-Time Analog Circuit Representation Adaptation for Bayesian Optimization13 Aug 2026
- 2026EXPLORE: Exploration with Guided Search for Analog Topology Generation using Language Models15 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Structural Manipulability in Gate-Level Netlists Using Graph Neural Networks26 Jun 2026
- 2026SchGen: PCB Schematic Generation with Semantic-Grounded Code Representations28 May 2026
- 2026FusionCell: Cross-Attentive Fusion of Layout Geometry and Netlist Topology for Standard-Cell Performance Prediction19 May 2026
38 more
- 2026Graph Computation Meets Circuit Algebra: A Task-Aligned Analysis of Graph Neural Networks for Electronic Design Automation8 May 2026
- 2026CircuitFormer: A Circuit Language Model for Analog Topology Design from Natural Language Prompt7 May 2026
- 2026R2G: A Multi-View Circuit Graph Benchmark Suite from RTL to GDSII9 Apr 2026
- 2026ARCS: Autoregressive Circuit Synthesis with Topology-Aware Graph Attention and Spec Conditioning30 Mar 2026
- 2026KCLNet: Electrically Equivalence-Oriented Graph Representation Learning for Analog Circuits25 Mar 2026
- 2026AnalogAgent: Self-Improving Analog Circuit Design Automation with LLM Agents25 Mar 2026
- 2026AstRL: Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Synthesis with Deep Reinforcement Learning12 Feb 2026
- 2026EM-Aware Physical Synthesis: Neural Inductor Modeling and Intelligent Placement & Routing for RF Circuits12 Feb 2026
- 2026PowerGenie: Analytically-Guided Evolutionary Discovery of Superior Reconfigurable Power Converters29 Jan 2026
- 2026OSIRIS: Bridging Analog Circuit Design and Machine Learning with Scalable Dataset Generation27 Jan 2026
- 2026LinkD: AutoRegressive Diffusion Model for Mechanical Linkage Synthesis7 Jan 2026
- 2025AnalogSAGE: Self-evolving Analog Design Multi-Agents with Stratified Memory and Grounded Experience27 Dec 2025
- 2025When Forgetting Builds Reliability: LLM Unlearning for Reliable Hardware Code Generation5 Dec 2025
- 2025ZeroSim: Zero-Shot Analog Circuit Evaluation with Unified Transformer Embeddings10 Nov 2025
- 2025CircuitSense: A Hierarchical MLLM Benchmark Bridging Visual Comprehension and Symbolic Reasoning in Engineering Design Process26 Sep 2025
- 2025State Space Models over Directed Graphs17 Sep 2025
- 2025Dataset Construction for Training LLM to Learn Analog Circuit Knowledge14 Aug 2025
- 2025MuaLLM: A Multimodal Large Language Model Agent for Circuit Design Assistance with Hybrid Contextual Retrieval-Augmented Generation11 Aug 2025
- 2025AnalogCoder-Pro: Unifying Analog Circuit Generation and Optimization via Multi-modal LLMs4 Aug 2025
- 2025AnalogFed: Privacy-Preserving Discovery of Analog Circuits at Scale with Federated Generative AI20 Jul 2025
- 2025Target Circuit Matching in Large-Scale Netlists using GNN-Based Region Prediction18 Jul 2025
- 2025A Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Framework for Analog Circuits' Sizing Relationships Extraction23 Jun 2025
- 2025Graph Neural Networks for Automatic Addition of Optimizing Components in Printed Circuit Board Schematics12 Jun 2025
- 2025Flow-Attentional Graph Neural Networks6 Jun 2025
- 2025AUTOCIRCUIT-RL: Reinforcement Learning-Driven LLM for Automated Circuit Topology Generation3 Jun 2025
- 2025Inverse Design in Distributed Circuits Using Single-Step Reinforcement Learning2 Jun 2025
- 2025SPICEMixer - Netlist-Level Circuit Evolution2 Jun 2025
- 2025Directed Graph Grammars for Sequence-based Learning29 May 2025
- 2025FALCON: An ML Framework for Fully Automated Layout-Constrained Analog Circuit Design28 May 2025
- 2025AnalogGenie: A Generative Engine for Automatic Discovery of Analog Circuit Topologies28 Feb 2025
- 2025DICE: Device-level Integrated Circuits Encoder with Graph Contrastive Pretraining13 Feb 2025
- 2025Circuit Diagram Retrieval Based on Hierarchical Circuit Graph Representation5 Feb 2025
- 2024AnalogXpert: Automating Analog Topology Synthesis by Incorporating Circuit Design Expertise into Large Language Models17 Dec 2024
- 2024GraCo -- A Graph Composer for Integrated Circuits21 Nov 2024
- 2024AMSnet-KG: A Netlist Dataset for LLM-based AMS Circuit Auto-Design Using Knowledge Graph RAG7 Nov 2024
- 2024LayerDAG: A Layerwise Autoregressive Diffusion Model for Directed Acyclic Graph Generation4 Nov 2024
- 2024A Benchmark on Directed Graph Representation Learning in Hardware Designs9 Oct 2024
- 2024CktGen: Automated Analog Circuit Design with Generative Artificial Intelligence1 Oct 2024
50 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026AnalogAgent: Self-Improving Analog Circuit Design Automation with LLM Agentscited by 4
- 2025AnalogSAGE: Self-evolving Analog Design Multi-Agents with Stratified Memory and Grounded Experiencecited by 1
- 2026Long-Horizon Analog Design Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hours-Long Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design Taskscited by 0
- 2026Long-Horizon Analog Design Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hours-Long Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design Tasks27 Sep 2026
- 2026AnalogAgent: Self-Improving Analog Circuit Design Automation with LLM Agents25 Mar 2026
- 2025AnalogSAGE: Self-evolving Analog Design Multi-Agents with Stratified Memory and Grounded Experience27 Dec 2025
- 2024AnalogCoder: Analog Circuit Design via Training-Free Code Generationcited by 84
- 2025AnalogGenie: A Generative Engine for Automatic Discovery of Analog Circuit Topologiescited by 37
- 2024AnalogXpert: Automating Analog Topology Synthesis by Incorporating Circuit Design Expertise into Large Language Modelscited by 18
- 2024AMSnet-KG: A Netlist Dataset for LLM-based AMS Circuit Auto-Design Using Knowledge Graph RAGcited by 16
- 2025AnalogCoder-Pro: Unifying Analog Circuit Generation and Optimization via Multi-modal LLMscited by 15
- 2025AUTOCIRCUIT-RL: Reinforcement Learning-Driven LLM for Automated Circuit Topology Generationcited by 11
- 2024What Are Good Positional Encodings for Directed Graphs?cited by 8
- 2025FALCON: An ML Framework for Fully Automated Layout-Constrained Analog Circuit Designcited by 5
- 2024Highly Accurate Disease Diagnosis and Highly Reproducible Biomarker Identification with PathFormercited by 3
- 2025A Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Framework for Analog Circuits' Sizing Relationships Extractioncited by 3
- 2026OSIRIS: Bridging Analog Circuit Design and Machine Learning with Scalable Dataset Generationcited by 3
- 2024DoseGNN: Improving the Performance of Deep Learning Models in Adaptive Dose-Volume Histogram Prediction through Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
12 most cited of 47 All 47 (JSON)
- 2026CktHGVAE: A Symmetric Design/State Heterogeneous Graph Variational Autoencoder for Transistor-level Analog/Mixed-signal Circuit Design and Analysis14 Oct 2026
- 2026Path Laplacian Encodings for Directed Graphs3 Oct 2026
- 2026SGAnalog: An End-to-End Circuit Benchmark from Open-Source Silicon Tapeouts2 Oct 2026
- 2026cktFormer: Transformer-Based Approach for Automated Analog Circuit Design29 Sep 2026
- 2026Analog-DB: An Agent-First Analog Integrated Circuit Database, From Blocks to Systems1 Sep 2026
- 2026AaLLM: An End-to-End Analog Circuit Design Framework from Topology Generation to Sizing Using Large Language Models13 Aug 2026
- 2026Finding the Needle in a Haystack: Test-Time Analog Circuit Representation Adaptation for Bayesian Optimization13 Aug 2026
- 2026EXPLORE: Exploration with Guided Search for Analog Topology Generation using Language Models15 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Structural Manipulability in Gate-Level Netlists Using Graph Neural Networks26 Jun 2026
- 2026SchGen: PCB Schematic Generation with Semantic-Grounded Code Representations28 May 2026
- 2026FusionCell: Cross-Attentive Fusion of Layout Geometry and Netlist Topology for Standard-Cell Performance Prediction19 May 2026
- 2026Graph Computation Meets Circuit Algebra: A Task-Aligned Analysis of Graph Neural Networks for Electronic Design Automation8 May 2026
12 newest of 47 All 47 (JSON)