Unifying Short and Long-Term Tracking with Graph Hierarchies
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Abstract (arXiv)
Tracking objects over long videos effectively means solving a spectrum of problems, from short-term association for un-occluded objects to long-term association for objects that are occluded and then reappear in the scene. Methods tackling these two tasks are often disjoint and crafted for specific scenarios, and top-performing approaches are often a mix of techniques, which yields engineering-heavy solutions that lack generality. In this work, we question the need for hybrid approaches and introduce SUSHI, a unified and scalable multi-object tracker. Our approach processes long clips by splitting them into a hierarchy of subclips, which enables high scalability. We leverage graph neural networks to process all levels of the hierarchy, which makes our model unified across temporal scales and highly general. As a result, we obtain significant improvements over state-of-the-art on four diverse datasets. Our code and models are available at bit.ly/sushi-mot.
Key facts. Cited by 62 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 77 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Dec 2022.
Builds on
46 of 77 references.
References · 46
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- 2021TrackFormer: Multi-Object Tracking with Transformerscited by 515
34 more
- 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 489
- 2020Tracking Objects as Pointscited by 483
- 2017Person Transfer GAN to Bridge Domain Gap for Person Re-Identificationcited by 479
- 2019Tracking without bells and whistlescited by 382
- 2021MOTR: End-to-End Multiple-Object Tracking with Transformercited by 379
- 2018Two at Once: Enhancing Learning and Generalization Capacities via IBN-Netcited by 361
- 2020MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenescited by 355
- 2019Towards Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 311
- 2020Quasi-Dense Similarity Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 220
- 2021DanceTrack: Multi-Object Tracking in Uniform Appearance and Diverse Motioncited by 213
- 2019Learning a Neural Solver for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 198
- 2021Track to Detect and Segment: An Online Multi-Object Trackercited by 156
- 2020MOTChallenge: A Benchmark for Single-Camera Multiple Target Trackingcited by 134
- 2021Learning to Track with Object Permanencecited by 117
- 2020GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learningcited by 113
- 2022MeMOT: Multi-Object Tracking with Memorycited by 113
- 2022Global Tracking Transformerscited by 110
- 2022Towards Grand Unification of Object Trackingcited by 93
- 2018Features for Multi-Target Multi-Camera Tracking and Re-Identificationcited by 88
- 2016Learning by tracking: Siamese CNN for robust target associationcited by 79
- 2017Tracking The Untrackable: Learning To Track Multiple Cues with Long-Term Dependenciescited by 76
- 2019Spatial-Temporal Relation Networks for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 74
- 2019How To Train Your Deep Multi-Object Trackercited by 71
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- 2016Online Multi-Target Tracking Using Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 59
- 2020Lifted Disjoint Paths with Application in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 55
- 2021Learnable Graph Matching: Incorporating Graph Partitioning with Deep Feature Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 47
- 2022Tracking Every Thing in the Wildcited by 44
- 2021Learning a Proposal Classifier for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 42
- 2022Quo Vadis: Is Trajectory Forecasting the Key Towards Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking?cited by 28
- 2021Making Higher Order MOT Scalable: An Efficient Approximate Solver for Lifted Disjoint Pathscited by 19
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 11; 2024: 23; 2025: 18; 2026: 9.
62 papers.
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- 2023Hybrid-SORT: Weak Cues Matter for Online Multi-Object Trackingcited by 66
- 2024Matching Anything by Segmenting Anythingcited by 49
- 2023SparseTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Performing Scene Decomposition based on Pseudo-Depthcited by 48
- 2023UCMCTrack: Multi-Object Tracking with Uniform Camera Motion Compensationcited by 42
- 2023HIG: Hierarchical Interlacement Graph Approach to Scene Graph Generation in Video Understandingcited by 21
- 2025SAM2MOT: A Novel Paradigm of Multi-Object Tracking by Segmentationcited by 17
- 2024BoostTrack++: using tracklet information to detect more objects in multiple object trackingcited by 15
- 2024Computer Vision for Primate Behavior Analysis in the Wildcited by 10
- 2024Learning Data Association for Multi-Object Tracking using Only Coordinatescited by 8
- 2024MCBLT: Multi-Camera Multi-Object 3D Tracking in Long Videoscited by 8
- 2023Z-GMOT: Zero-shot Generic Multiple Object Trackingcited by 7
- 2023Multi-Scene Generalized Trajectory Global Graph Solver with Composite Nodes for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 7
38 more
- 2024SPAMming Labels: Efficient Annotations for the Trackers of Tomorrowcited by 7
- 2024SLAck: Semantic, Location, and Appearance Aware Open-Vocabulary Trackingcited by 7
- 2023Contrastive Learning for Multi-Object Tracking with Transformerscited by 6
- 2025No Train Yet Gain: Towards Generic Multi-Object Tracking in Sports and Beyondcited by 6
- 2024Associate Everything Detected: Facilitating Tracking-by-Detection to the Unknowncited by 5
- 2025MVTrajecter: Multi-View Pedestrian Tracking with Trajectory Motion Cost and Trajectory Appearance Costcited by 5
- 2024UncertaintyTrack: Exploiting Detection and Localization Uncertainty in Multi-Object Trackingcited by 4
- 2024Engineering an Efficient Object Tracker for Non-Linear Motioncited by 4
- 2025Deep Learning-Based Multi-Object Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey from Foundations to State-of-the-Artcited by 4
- 2025SegMASt3R: Geometry Grounded Segment Matchingcited by 4
- 2024XS-VID: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Small Object Detection and Tracking in Videoscited by 3
- 2025NOOUGAT: Towards Unified Online and Offline Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2023DecoderTracker: Decoder-Only Method for Multiple-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2024SFSORT: Scene Features-based Simple Online Real-Time Trackercited by 2
- 2024Is a Pure Transformer Effective for Separated and Online Multi-Object Tracking?cited by 2
- 2024Multi-Granularity Language-Guided Training for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2025EASE: Embodied Active Event Perception via Self-Supervised Energy Minimizationcited by 2
- 2025One Graph to Track Them All: Dynamic GNNs for Single- and Multi-View Trackingcited by 2
- 2026Hypergraph-State Collaborative Reasoning for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2022Joint Counting, Detection and Re-Identification for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2023BASE: Probably a Better Approach to Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2023Motion State: A New Benchmark Multiple Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024Temporally Propagated Masks and Bounding Boxes: Combining the Best of Both Worlds for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024Learning a Neural Association Network for Self-supervised Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025Towards long-term player tracking with graph hierarchies and domain-specific featurescited by 1
- 2025Depth-Aware Scoring and Hierarchical Alignment for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2023A Hybrid Approach To Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2024Multi-Object Tracking by Hierarchical Visual Representationscited by 0
- 2024An Approximate Dynamic Programming Framework for Occlusion-Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2024Hierarchical IoU Tracking based on Intervalcited by 0
- 2024SSP-GNN: Learning to Track via Bilevel Optimizationcited by 0
- 2024RTAT: A Robust Two-stage Association Tracker for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2024CHOTA: A Higher Order Accuracy Metric for Cell Trackingcited by 0
- 2024FACT: Feature Adaptive Continual-learning Tracker for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2025SAM2Auto: Auto Annotation Using FLASHcited by 0
- 2025THYME: Temporal Hierarchical-Cyclic Interactivity Modeling for Video Scene Graphs in Aerial Footagecited by 0
- 2025Fast Self-Supervised depth and mask aware Association for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2025Zero-Shot Multi-Animal Tracking in the Wildcited by 0
50 most cited of 62 All 62 (JSON)
- 2026Towards Automatic Video Annotation with ASH: Zero-Shot Open-Vocabulary Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation1 Oct 2026
- 2026ReWorld-Track: A Recursive Event World Model for Language-Guided Multi-Camera Tracking29 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOT14 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond the Image Plane: World-Grounded Queries for Multi-Object Tracking1 Sep 2026
- 2026Training-Free Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking for Sports Video Analytics16 Aug 2026
- 2026PS-MOT: Cultivating Instance Awareness from Point Seeds for Multi-Object Tracking29 Jun 2026
- 2026SAMOFT: Robust Multi-Object Tracking via Region and Flow10 May 2026
- 2026Hypergraph-State Collaborative Reasoning for Multi-Object Tracking14 Apr 2026
- 2026UniTrack: Differentiable Graph Representation Learning for Multi-Object Tracking4 Feb 2026
- 2025Learning Association via Track-Detection Matching for Multi-Object Tracking26 Dec 2025
- 2025StableTrack: Stabilizing Multi-Object Tracking on Low-Frequency Detections25 Nov 2025
- 2025SelfMOTR: Revisiting MOTR with Self-Generating Detection Priors25 Nov 2025
38 more
- 2025OmniPT: Unleashing the Potential of Large Vision Language Models for Pedestrian Tracking and Understanding21 Nov 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Multi-Animal Tracking in the Wild4 Nov 2025
- 2025Fast Self-Supervised depth and mask aware Association for Multi-Object Tracking10 Oct 2025
- 2025SegMASt3R: Geometry Grounded Segment Matching6 Oct 2025
- 2025NOOUGAT: Towards Unified Online and Offline Multi-Object Tracking2 Sep 2025
- 2025MVTrajecter: Multi-View Pedestrian Tracking with Trajectory Motion Cost and Trajectory Appearance Cost1 Sep 2025
- 2025THYME: Temporal Hierarchical-Cyclic Interactivity Modeling for Video Scene Graphs in Aerial Footage12 Jul 2025
- 2025One Graph to Track Them All: Dynamic GNNs for Single- and Multi-View Tracking11 Jul 2025
- 2025EASE: Embodied Active Event Perception via Self-Supervised Energy Minimization20 Jun 2025
- 2025Deep Learning-Based Multi-Object Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey from Foundations to State-of-the-Art16 Jun 2025
- 2025SAM2Auto: Auto Annotation Using FLASH9 Jun 2025
- 2025No Train Yet Gain: Towards Generic Multi-Object Tracking in Sports and Beyond2 Jun 2025
- 2025Depth-Aware Scoring and Hierarchical Alignment for Multiple Object Tracking1 Jun 2025
- 2025SAM2MOT: A Novel Paradigm of Multi-Object Tracking by Segmentation6 Apr 2025
- 2025Towards long-term player tracking with graph hierarchies and domain-specific features28 Feb 2025
- 2024MCBLT: Multi-Camera Multi-Object 3D Tracking in Long Videos1 Dec 2024
- 2024Learning a Neural Association Network for Self-supervised Multi-Object Tracking18 Nov 2024
- 2024Temporally Propagated Masks and Bounding Boxes: Combining the Best of Both Worlds for Multi-Object Tracking21 Sep 2024
- 2024SLAck: Semantic, Location, and Appearance Aware Open-Vocabulary Tracking17 Sep 2024
- 2024Associate Everything Detected: Facilitating Tracking-by-Detection to the Unknown14 Sep 2024
- 2024FACT: Feature Adaptive Continual-learning Tracker for Multiple Object Tracking12 Sep 2024
- 2024BoostTrack++: using tracklet information to detect more objects in multiple object tracking23 Aug 2024
- 2024CHOTA: A Higher Order Accuracy Metric for Cell Tracking21 Aug 2024
- 2024RTAT: A Robust Two-stage Association Tracker for Multi-Object Tracking14 Aug 2024
- 2024XS-VID: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Small Object Detection and Tracking in Videos25 Jul 2024
- 2024SSP-GNN: Learning to Track via Bilevel Optimization5 Jul 2024
- 2024Engineering an Efficient Object Tracker for Non-Linear Motion30 Jun 2024
- 2024Hierarchical IoU Tracking based on Interval19 Jun 2024
- 2024Multi-Granularity Language-Guided Training for Multi-Object Tracking7 Jun 2024
- 2024Matching Anything by Segmenting Anything6 Jun 2024
- 2024An Approximate Dynamic Programming Framework for Occlusion-Robust Multi-Object Tracking24 May 2024
- 2024Is a Pure Transformer Effective for Separated and Online Multi-Object Tracking?23 May 2024
- 2024SPAMming Labels: Efficient Annotations for the Trackers of Tomorrow17 Apr 2024
- 2024SFSORT: Scene Features-based Simple Online Real-Time Tracker11 Apr 2024
- 2024Learning Data Association for Multi-Object Tracking using Only Coordinates12 Mar 2024
- 2024Multi-Object Tracking by Hierarchical Visual Representations24 Feb 2024
- 2024UncertaintyTrack: Exploiting Detection and Localization Uncertainty in Multi-Object Tracking19 Feb 2024
- 2024Computer Vision for Primate Behavior Analysis in the Wild29 Jan 2024
50 newest of 62 All 62 (JSON)
- 2023Hybrid-SORT: Weak Cues Matter for Online Multi-Object Trackingcited by 66
- 2024Matching Anything by Segmenting Anythingcited by 49
- 2023SparseTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Performing Scene Decomposition based on Pseudo-Depthcited by 48
- 2023UCMCTrack: Multi-Object Tracking with Uniform Camera Motion Compensationcited by 42
- 2023HIG: Hierarchical Interlacement Graph Approach to Scene Graph Generation in Video Understandingcited by 21
- 2025SAM2MOT: A Novel Paradigm of Multi-Object Tracking by Segmentationcited by 17
- 2024BoostTrack++: using tracklet information to detect more objects in multiple object trackingcited by 15
- 2024Computer Vision for Primate Behavior Analysis in the Wildcited by 10
- 2024Learning Data Association for Multi-Object Tracking using Only Coordinatescited by 8
- 2024MCBLT: Multi-Camera Multi-Object 3D Tracking in Long Videoscited by 8
- 2023Z-GMOT: Zero-shot Generic Multiple Object Trackingcited by 7
- 2023Multi-Scene Generalized Trajectory Global Graph Solver with Composite Nodes for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 7
12 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2026Towards Automatic Video Annotation with ASH: Zero-Shot Open-Vocabulary Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation1 Oct 2026
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOT14 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond the Image Plane: World-Grounded Queries for Multi-Object Tracking1 Sep 2026
- 2026Training-Free Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking for Sports Video Analytics16 Aug 2026
- 2026PS-MOT: Cultivating Instance Awareness from Point Seeds for Multi-Object Tracking29 Jun 2026
- 2026SAMOFT: Robust Multi-Object Tracking via Region and Flow10 May 2026
- 2026Hypergraph-State Collaborative Reasoning for Multi-Object Tracking14 Apr 2026
- 2026UniTrack: Differentiable Graph Representation Learning for Multi-Object Tracking4 Feb 2026
- 2025Learning Association via Track-Detection Matching for Multi-Object Tracking26 Dec 2025
- 2025StableTrack: Stabilizing Multi-Object Tracking on Low-Frequency Detections25 Nov 2025
- 2025SelfMOTR: Revisiting MOTR with Self-Generating Detection Priors25 Nov 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Multi-Animal Tracking in the Wild4 Nov 2025
12 newest of 59 All 59 (JSON)