mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Learning a Proposal Classifier for Multiple Object Tracking

arXiv 2103.07889 ↗First posted 14 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 42

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Abstract (arXiv)

The recent trend in multiple object tracking (MOT) is heading towards leveraging deep learning to boost the tracking performance. However, it is not trivial to solve the data-association problem in an end-to-end fashion. In this paper, we propose a novel proposal-based learnable framework, which models MOT as a proposal generation, proposal scoring and trajectory inference paradigm on an affinity graph. This framework is similar to the two-stage object detector Faster RCNN, and can solve the MOT problem in a data-driven way. For proposal generation, we propose an iterative graph clustering method to reduce the computational cost while maintaining the quality of the generated proposals. For proposal scoring, we deploy a trainable graph-convolutional-network (GCN) to learn the structural patterns of the generated proposals and rank them according to the estimated quality scores. For trajectory inference, a simple deoverlapping strategy is adopted to generate tracking output while complying with the constraints that no detection can be assigned to more than one track. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a clear performance improvement in both MOTA and IDF1 with respect to previous state-of-the-art on two public benchmarks. Our code is available at https://github.com/daip13/LPC_MOT.git.

Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2021.

Builds on

34 of 65 references.

References · 34

  1. 2016Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 11,282
  2. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
  3. 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,652
  4. 2018An Empirical Evaluation of Generic Convolutional and Recurrent Networks for Sequence Modelingcited by 1,447
  5. 2017Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metriccited by 908
  6. 2016Simple Online and Realtime Trackingcited by 862
  7. 2017Focal Loss for Dense Object Detectioncited by 749
  8. 2016Performance Measures and a Data Set for Multi-Target, Multi-Camera Trackingcited by 685
  9. 2020HOTA: A Higher Order Metric for Evaluating Multi-Object Trackingcited by 546
  10. 2016MOT16: A Benchmark for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 531
  11. 2019Tracking without bells and whistlescited by 382
  12. 2020MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenescited by 355
22 more
  1. 2019Learning a Neural Solver for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 198
  2. 2019A Strong Baseline and Batch Normalization Neck for Deep Person Re-identificationcited by 154
  3. 2020TAO: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Tracking Any Objectcited by 146
  4. 2018Multivariate LSTM-FCNs for Time Series Classificationcited by 120
  5. 2019Deep Learning in Video Multi-Object Tracking: A Surveycited by 107
  6. 2018Features for Multi-Target Multi-Camera Tracking and Re-Identificationcited by 88
  7. 2016Learning by tracking: Siamese CNN for robust target associationcited by 79
  8. 2019Online Multi-Object Tracking with Dual Matching Attention Networkscited by 77
  9. 2017Tracking The Untrackable: Learning To Track Multiple Cues with Long-Term Dependenciescited by 76
  10. 2019Spatial-Temporal Relation Networks for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 74
  11. 2019How To Train Your Deep Multi-Object Trackercited by 71
  12. 2019FAMNet: Joint Learning of Feature, Affinity and Multi-dimensional Assignment for Online Multiple Object Trackingcited by 65
  13. 2020Lifted Disjoint Paths with Application in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 55
  14. 2019Learning to Cluster Faces on an Affinity Graphcited by 50
  15. 2017Deep Network Flow for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 45
  16. 2020Simple Unsupervised Multi-Object Trackingcited by 33
  17. 2020GCNNMatch: Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Multi-Object Tracking via Sinkhorn Normalizationcited by 25
  18. 2017Tracking the Trackers: An Analysis of the State of the Art in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 18
  19. 2018Deep Continuous Conditional Random Fields with Asymmetric Inter-object Constraints for Online Multi-object Trackingcited by 9
  20. 2019End-to-End Learning Deep CRF models for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 7
  21. 2018Multiple People Tracking Using Hierarchical Deep Tracklet Re-identificationcited by 5
  22. 2020Multi-object Tracking via End-to-end Tracklet Searching and Rankingcited by 3

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 22; 2023: 4; 2024: 6; 2025: 3.

42 papers.

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  1. 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 812
  2. 2022Observation-Centric SORT: Rethinking SORT for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 345
  3. 2022StrongSORT: Make DeepSORT Great Againcited by 213
  4. 2022Global Tracking Transformerscited by 110
  5. 2022VITA: Video Instance Segmentation via Object Token Associationcited by 94
  6. 2021TransMOT: Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 93
  7. 2021MOTSynth: How Can Synthetic Data Help Pedestrian Detection and Tracking?cited by 68
  8. 2022Unifying Short and Long-Term Tracking with Graph Hierarchiescited by 62
  9. 2022Simple Cues Lead to a Strong Multi-Object Trackercited by 44
  10. 2022AnimalTrack: A Benchmark for Multi-Animal Tracking in the Wildcited by 37
  11. 2022Adiabatic Quantum Computing for Multi Object Trackingcited by 22
  12. 2021Looking Beyond Two Frames: End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking Using Spatial and Temporal Transformerscited by 21
30 more
  1. 2021Split and Connect: A Universal Tracklet Booster for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 17
  2. 2022Detection Recovery in Online Multi-Object Tracking with Sparse Graph Trackercited by 15
  3. 2022In Pursuit of Many: A Review of Modern Multiple Object Tracking Systemscited by 12
  4. 2023DeNoising-MOT: Towards Multiple Object Tracking with Severe Occlusionscited by 12
  5. 2022Learning of Global Objective for Network Flow in Multi-Object Trackingcited by 11
  6. 2022Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation via Neural Message Passingcited by 9
  7. 2023LEGO: Learning and Graph-Optimized Modular Tracker for Online Multi-Object Tracking with Point Cloudscited by 9
  8. 2024DeconfuseTrack:Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 9
  9. 2022Recent Advances in Embedding Methods for Multi-Object Tracking: A Surveycited by 8
  10. 2022Depth Perspective-aware Multiple Object Trackingcited by 8
  11. 2021SDOF-Tracker: Fast and Accurate Multiple Human Tracking by Skipped-Detection and Optical-Flowcited by 7
  12. 2023Multi-Scene Generalized Trajectory Global Graph Solver with Composite Nodes for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 7
  13. 2022Can Deep Learning be Applied to Model-Based Multi-Object Tracking?cited by 5
  14. 2022Multiple Object Tracking from appearance by hierarchically clustering trackletscited by 5
  15. 2025MVTrajecter: Multi-View Pedestrian Tracking with Trajectory Motion Cost and Trajectory Appearance Costcited by 5
  16. 2025NOOUGAT: Towards Unified Online and Offline Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
  17. 2021A Survey of Fish Tracking Techniques Based on Computer Visioncited by 2
  18. 2022Joint Spatial-Temporal and Appearance Modeling with Transformer for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 2
  19. 2022Enhancing Space-time Video Super-resolution via Spatial-temporal Feature Interactioncited by 2
  20. 2023Learnable Graph Matching: A Practical Paradigm for Data Associationcited by 2
  21. 2022DSRRTracker: Dynamic Search Region Refinement for Attention-based Siamese Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
  22. 2022FasterVideo: Efficient Online Joint Object Detection And Trackingcited by 1
  23. 2022Do Deep Neural Networks Always Perform Better When Eating More Data?cited by 1
  24. 2022Joint Counting, Detection and Re-Identification for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
  25. 2024STT: Stateful Tracking with Transformers for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
  26. 2024Temporal Correlation Meets Embedding: Towards a 2nd Generation of JDE-based Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
  27. 2024Learning a Neural Association Network for Self-supervised Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
  28. 2024Hierarchical IoU Tracking based on Intervalcited by 0
  29. 2024BankTweak: Adversarial Attack against Multi-Object Trackers by Manipulating Feature Bankscited by 0
  30. 2025OmniPT: Unleashing the Potential of Large Vision Language Models for Pedestrian Tracking and Understandingcited by 0