Hybrid-SORT: Weak Cues Matter for Online Multi-Object Tracking
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) aims to detect and associate all desired objects across frames. Most methods accomplish the task by explicitly or implicitly leveraging strong cues (i.e., spatial and appearance information), which exhibit powerful instance-level discrimination. However, when object occlusion and clustering occur, spatial and appearance information will become ambiguous simultaneously due to the high overlap among objects. In this paper, we demonstrate this long-standing challenge in MOT can be efficiently and effectively resolved by incorporating weak cues to compensate for strong cues. Along with velocity direction, we introduce the confidence and height state as potential weak cues. With superior performance, our method still maintains Simple, Online and Real-Time (SORT) characteristics. Also, our method shows strong generalization for diverse trackers and scenarios in a plug-and-play and training-free manner. Significant and consistent improvements are observed when applying our method to 5 different representative trackers. Further, with both strong and weak cues, our method Hybrid-SORT achieves superior performance on diverse benchmarks, including MOT17, MOT20, and especially DanceTrack where interaction and severe occlusion frequently happen with complex motions. The code and models are available at https://github.com/ymzis69/HybridSORT.
Key facts. Cited by 66 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Aug 2023.
Builds on
35 of 40 references.
References · 35
- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
- 2017Mixed Precision Trainingcited by 1,135
- 2021YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO Series in 2021cited by 1,064
- 2017Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metriccited by 908
- 2016Simple Online and Realtime Trackingcited by 862
- 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 812
- 2016Performance Measures and a Data Set for Multi-Target, Multi-Camera Trackingcited by 685
- 2020HOTA: A Higher Order Metric for Evaluating Multi-Object Trackingcited by 546
- 2016MOT16: A Benchmark for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 531
- 2021TrackFormer: Multi-Object Tracking with Transformerscited by 515
- 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 489
- 2020Tracking Objects as Pointscited by 483
23 more
- 2021MOTR: End-to-End Multiple-Object Tracking with Transformercited by 379
- 2020TransTrack: Multiple Object Tracking with Transformercited by 370
- 2020MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenescited by 355
- 2022Observation-Centric SORT: Rethinking SORT for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 345
- 2022BoT-SORT: Robust Associations Multi-Pedestrian Trackingcited by 313
- 2019Towards Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 311
- 2020Quasi-Dense Similarity Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 220
- 2021DanceTrack: Multi-Object Tracking in Uniform Appearance and Diverse Motioncited by 213
- 2022StrongSORT: Make DeepSORT Great Againcited by 213
- 2019Learning a Neural Solver for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 198
- 2019A Strong Baseline and Batch Normalization Neck for Deep Person Re-identificationcited by 154
- 2022MOTRv2: Bootstrapping End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking by Pretrained Object Detectorscited by 148
- 2022Global Tracking Transformerscited by 110
- 2020Rethinking the competition between detection and ReID in Multi-Object Trackingcited by 101
- 2018Real-time Multiple People Tracking with Deeply Learned Candidate Selection and Person Re-Identificationcited by 96
- 2021TransMOT: Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 93
- 2023MotionTrack: Learning Robust Short-term and Long-term Motions for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 64
- 2022Unifying Short and Long-Term Tracking with Graph Hierarchiescited by 62
- 2021Learnable Graph Matching: Incorporating Graph Partitioning with Deep Feature Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 47
- 2022Simple Cues Lead to a Strong Multi-Object Trackercited by 44
- 2023Focus On Details: Online Multi-object Tracking with Diverse Fine-grained Representationcited by 25
- 2022Large Scale Real-World Multi-Person Trackingcited by 14
- 2022Multiple Object Tracking Challenge Technical Report for Team MT_IoTcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 16; 2025: 28; 2026: 21.
66 papers.
Sort:
- 2024Multiple Object Tracking as ID Predictioncited by 58
- 2025SAM2MOT: A Novel Paradigm of Multi-Object Tracking by Segmentationcited by 17
- 2024BoostTrack++: using tracklet information to detect more objects in multiple object trackingcited by 15
- 2024Visible-Thermal Multiple Object Tracking: Large-scale Video Dataset and Progressive Fusion Approachcited by 13
- 2025Omnidirectional Multi-Object Trackingcited by 12
- 2026RAM: Recover Any 3D Human Motion in-the-Wildcited by 11
- 2025No Train Yet Gain: Towards Generic Multi-Object Tracking in Sports and Beyondcited by 6
- 2024Associate Everything Detected: Facilitating Tracking-by-Detection to the Unknowncited by 5
- 2024Engineering an Efficient Object Tracker for Non-Linear Motioncited by 4
- 2025CAMELTrack: Context-Aware Multi-cue ExpLoitation for Online Multi-Object Trackingcited by 4
- 2025Deep Learning-Based Multi-Object Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey from Foundations to State-of-the-Artcited by 4
- 2025USVTrack: USV-Based 4D Radar-Camera Tracking Dataset for Autonomous Driving in Inland Waterwayscited by 4
38 more
- 2024XS-VID: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Small Object Detection and Tracking in Videoscited by 3
- 2024PKF: Probabilistic Data Association Kalman Filter for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2025NOOUGAT: Towards Unified Online and Offline Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2024SFSORT: Scene Features-based Simple Online Real-Time Trackercited by 2
- 2024Is a Pure Transformer Effective for Separated and Online Multi-Object Tracking?cited by 2
- 2024Multi-Granularity Language-Guided Training for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2025When Trackers Date Fish: A Benchmark and Framework for Underwater Multiple Fish Trackingcited by 2
- 2025MVA 2025 Small Multi-Object Tracking for Spotting Birds Challenge: Dataset, Methods, and Resultscited by 2
- 2025DRWKV: Focusing on Object Edges for Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 2
- 2025OmniTrack++: Omnidirectional Multi-Object Tracking by Learning Large-FoV Trajectory Feedbackcited by 2
- 2026Dual-level Adaptation for Multi-Object Tracking: Building Test-Time Calibration from Experience and Intuitioncited by 2
- 2026Hypergraph-State Collaborative Reasoning for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2023Multiple Toddler Tracking in Indoor Videoscited by 1
- 2024Temporal Correlation Meets Embedding: Towards a 2nd Generation of JDE-based Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024Temporally Propagated Masks and Bounding Boxes: Combining the Best of Both Worlds for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024FastTrackTr:Towards Fast Multi-Object Tracking with Transformerscited by 1
- 2025FusionSORT: Fusion Methods for Online Multi-object Visual Trackingcited by 1
- 2025RAMOTS: A Real-Time System for Aerial Multi-Object Tracking based on Deep Learning and Big Data Technologycited by 1
- 2025DashCop: Automated E-ticket Generation for Two-Wheeler Traffic Violations Using Dashcam Videoscited by 1
- 2025History-Aware Transformation of ReID Features for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025Tracking the Unstable: Appearance-Guided Motion Modeling for Robust Multi-Object Tracking in UAV-Captured Videoscited by 1
- 2025DepTR-MOT: Unveiling the Potential of Depth-Informed Trajectory Refinement for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025EPIPTrack: Rethinking Prompt Modeling with Explicit and Implicit Prompts for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025From Detection to Association: Learning Discriminative Object Embeddings for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025TUMTraf EMOT: Event-Based Multi-Object Tracking Dataset and Baseline for Traffic Scenarioscited by 1
- 2026Occlusion-Aware SORT: Observing Occlusion for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024A Multilevel Strategy to Improve People Tracking in a Real-World Scenariocited by 0
- 2024Tracking by Detection and Query: An Efficient End-to-End Framework for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2024MOT FCG++: Enhanced Representation of Spatio-temporal Motion and Appearance Featurescited by 0
- 2025OneTrack-M: A multitask approach to transformer-based MOT modelscited by 0
- 2025Deep LG-Track: An Enhanced Localization-Confidence-Guided Multi-Object Trackercited by 0
- 2025SMTrack: End-to-End Trained Spiking Neural Networks for Multi-Object Tracking in RGB Videoscited by 0
- 2025SelfMOTR: Revisiting MOTR with Self-Generating Detection Priorscited by 0
- 2025StableTrack: Stabilizing Multi-Object Tracking on Low-Frequency Detectionscited by 0
- 2025DM3T: Harmonizing Modalities via Diffusion for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2025BlinkBud: Detecting Hazards from Behind via Sampled Monocular 3D Detection on a Single Earbudcited by 0
- 2025Learning Association via Track-Detection Matching for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2026VSD-MOT: End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking in Low-Quality Video Scenes Guided by Visual Semantic Distillationcited by 0
50 most cited of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2026LiAM-SAM: Lifecycle-Aware Memory for Robust SAM2-Based MOT23 Sep 2026
- 2026DOA-SORT: Directional Occlusion-Aware Multi-Object Tracking with Distributional Observations19 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOT14 Sep 2026
- 2026Revisiting Multi-Object Tracking Baselines: Hyperparameter Optimization with Multi-Fidelity Greedy Coordinate Search10 Sep 2026
- 2026Tracking-by-detection in Multi-object Tracking: Survey and Experiments8 Sep 2026
- 2026Re-engineering SORT-based algorithms for low-cost small object tracking from omnidirectional footage7 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond the Image Plane: World-Grounded Queries for Multi-Object Tracking1 Sep 2026
- 2026Training-Free Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking for Sports Video Analytics16 Aug 2026
- 2026When Fish Look Alike: Tracking Identities with Dual-branch Elasticity29 Jul 2026
- 2026PS-MOT: Cultivating Instance Awareness from Point Seeds for Multi-Object Tracking29 Jun 2026
- 2026FEMOT: Multi-Object Tracking using Frame and Event Cameras12 Jun 2026
- 2026Selective Mask Propagation for Multi-Object Tracking11 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026FoodMonitor: Benchmarking MLLMs for Explainable Compliance Analysis23 May 2026
- 2026SAMOFT: Robust Multi-Object Tracking via Region and Flow10 May 2026
- 2026GateMOT: Q-Gated Attention for Dense Object Tracking29 Apr 2026
- 2026Motion-Driven Multi-Object Tracking of Model Organisms in Space Science Experiments29 Apr 2026
- 2026Hypergraph-State Collaborative Reasoning for Multi-Object Tracking14 Apr 2026
- 2026Dual-level Adaptation for Multi-Object Tracking: Building Test-Time Calibration from Experience and Intuition23 Mar 2026
- 2026VSD-MOT: End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking in Low-Quality Video Scenes Guided by Visual Semantic Distillation21 Mar 2026
- 2026RAM: Recover Any 3D Human Motion in-the-Wild20 Mar 2026
- 2026Occlusion-Aware SORT: Observing Occlusion for Robust Multi-Object Tracking6 Mar 2026
- 2025Learning Association via Track-Detection Matching for Multi-Object Tracking26 Dec 2025
- 2025TUMTraf EMOT: Event-Based Multi-Object Tracking Dataset and Baseline for Traffic Scenarios16 Dec 2025
- 2025From Detection to Association: Learning Discriminative Object Embeddings for Multi-Object Tracking2 Dec 2025
- 2025BlinkBud: Detecting Hazards from Behind via Sampled Monocular 3D Detection on a Single Earbud1 Dec 2025
- 2025DM3T: Harmonizing Modalities via Diffusion for Multi-Object Tracking28 Nov 2025
- 2025StableTrack: Stabilizing Multi-Object Tracking on Low-Frequency Detections25 Nov 2025
- 2025SelfMOTR: Revisiting MOTR with Self-Generating Detection Priors25 Nov 2025
- 2025OmniTrack++: Omnidirectional Multi-Object Tracking by Learning Large-FoV Trajectory Feedback1 Nov 2025
- 2025EPIPTrack: Rethinking Prompt Modeling with Explicit and Implicit Prompts for Multi-Object Tracking15 Oct 2025
- 2025DepTR-MOT: Unveiling the Potential of Depth-Informed Trajectory Refinement for Multi-Object Tracking22 Sep 2025
- 2025NOOUGAT: Towards Unified Online and Offline Multi-Object Tracking2 Sep 2025
- 2025SMTrack: End-to-End Trained Spiking Neural Networks for Multi-Object Tracking in RGB Videos20 Aug 2025
- 2025Tracking the Unstable: Appearance-Guided Motion Modeling for Robust Multi-Object Tracking in UAV-Captured Videos3 Aug 2025
- 2025DRWKV: Focusing on Object Edges for Low-Light Image Enhancement24 Jul 2025
- 2025MVA 2025 Small Multi-Object Tracking for Spotting Birds Challenge: Dataset, Methods, and Results17 Jul 2025
- 2025When Trackers Date Fish: A Benchmark and Framework for Underwater Multiple Fish Tracking8 Jul 2025
- 2025USVTrack: USV-Based 4D Radar-Camera Tracking Dataset for Autonomous Driving in Inland Waterways23 Jun 2025
- 2025Deep Learning-Based Multi-Object Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey from Foundations to State-of-the-Art16 Jun 2025
- 2025No Train Yet Gain: Towards Generic Multi-Object Tracking in Sports and Beyond2 Jun 2025
- 2025CAMELTrack: Context-Aware Multi-cue ExpLoitation for Online Multi-Object Tracking2 May 2025
- 2025SAM2MOT: A Novel Paradigm of Multi-Object Tracking by Segmentation6 Apr 2025
- 2025Deep LG-Track: An Enhanced Localization-Confidence-Guided Multi-Object Tracker2 Apr 2025
- 2025History-Aware Transformation of ReID Features for Multiple Object Tracking16 Mar 2025
- 2025Omnidirectional Multi-Object Tracking6 Mar 2025
- 2025DashCop: Automated E-ticket Generation for Two-Wheeler Traffic Violations Using Dashcam Videos1 Mar 2025
- 2025OneTrack-M: A multitask approach to transformer-based MOT models6 Feb 2025
- 2025RAMOTS: A Real-Time System for Aerial Multi-Object Tracking based on Deep Learning and Big Data Technology6 Feb 2025
- 2025FusionSORT: Fusion Methods for Online Multi-object Visual Tracking1 Jan 2025
- 2024FastTrackTr:Towards Fast Multi-Object Tracking with Transformers24 Nov 2024
50 newest of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2024Multiple Object Tracking as ID Predictioncited by 58
- 2025SAM2MOT: A Novel Paradigm of Multi-Object Tracking by Segmentationcited by 17
- 2024BoostTrack++: using tracklet information to detect more objects in multiple object trackingcited by 15
- 2024Visible-Thermal Multiple Object Tracking: Large-scale Video Dataset and Progressive Fusion Approachcited by 13
- 2025Omnidirectional Multi-Object Trackingcited by 12
- 2026RAM: Recover Any 3D Human Motion in-the-Wildcited by 11
- 2025No Train Yet Gain: Towards Generic Multi-Object Tracking in Sports and Beyondcited by 6
- 2024Associate Everything Detected: Facilitating Tracking-by-Detection to the Unknowncited by 5
- 2024Engineering an Efficient Object Tracker for Non-Linear Motioncited by 4
- 2025CAMELTrack: Context-Aware Multi-cue ExpLoitation for Online Multi-Object Trackingcited by 4
- 2025Deep Learning-Based Multi-Object Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey from Foundations to State-of-the-Artcited by 4
- 2025USVTrack: USV-Based 4D Radar-Camera Tracking Dataset for Autonomous Driving in Inland Waterwayscited by 4
12 most cited of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2026LiAM-SAM: Lifecycle-Aware Memory for Robust SAM2-Based MOT23 Sep 2026
- 2026DOA-SORT: Directional Occlusion-Aware Multi-Object Tracking with Distributional Observations19 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOT14 Sep 2026
- 2026Revisiting Multi-Object Tracking Baselines: Hyperparameter Optimization with Multi-Fidelity Greedy Coordinate Search10 Sep 2026
- 2026Tracking-by-detection in Multi-object Tracking: Survey and Experiments8 Sep 2026
- 2026Re-engineering SORT-based algorithms for low-cost small object tracking from omnidirectional footage7 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond the Image Plane: World-Grounded Queries for Multi-Object Tracking1 Sep 2026
- 2026Training-Free Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking for Sports Video Analytics16 Aug 2026
- 2026When Fish Look Alike: Tracking Identities with Dual-branch Elasticity29 Jul 2026
- 2026PS-MOT: Cultivating Instance Awareness from Point Seeds for Multi-Object Tracking29 Jun 2026
- 2026FEMOT: Multi-Object Tracking using Frame and Event Cameras12 Jun 2026
- 2026Selective Mask Propagation for Multi-Object Tracking11 Jun 2026
12 newest of 66 All 66 (JSON)