mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MMRotate: A Rotated Object Detection Benchmark using PyTorch

arXiv 2204.13317 ↗First posted 28 Apr 2022cs.CV cs.AIcited by 115

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present an open-source toolbox, named MMRotate, which provides a coherent algorithm framework of training, inferring, and evaluation for the popular rotated object detection algorithm based on deep learning. MMRotate implements 18 state-of-the-art algorithms and supports the three most frequently used angle definition methods. To facilitate future research and industrial applications of rotated object detection-related problems, we also provide a large number of trained models and detailed benchmarks to give insights into the performance of rotated object detection. MMRotate is publicly released at https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmrotate.

Key facts. Cited by 115 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Apr 2022.

Builds on

39 of 49 references.

References · 39

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  3. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
  4. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  5. 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,829
  6. 2015SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detectorcited by 3,125
  7. 2015Fast R-CNNcited by 2,930
  8. 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,573
  9. 2019MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmarkcited by 1,379
  10. 2017DOTA: A Large-scale Dataset for Object Detection in Aerial Imagescited by 622
  11. 2019Bridging the Gap Between Anchor-based and Anchor-free Detection via Adaptive Training Sample Selectioncited by 539
  12. 2019RepPoints: Point Set Representation for Object Detectioncited by 264
27 more
  1. 2017EAST: An Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detectorcited by 248
  2. 2021Oriented R-CNN for Object Detectioncited by 230
  3. 2019Real-time Scene Text Detection with Differentiable Binarizationcited by 212
  4. 2021ReDet: A Rotation-equivariant Detector for Aerial Object Detectioncited by 202
  5. 2019R3Det: Refined Single-Stage Detector with Feature Refinement for Rotating Objectcited by 193
  6. 2020Align Deep Features for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 186
  7. 2017Arbitrary-Oriented Scene Text Detection via Rotation Proposalscited by 176
  8. 2021Rethinking Rotated Object Detection with Gaussian Wasserstein Distance Losscited by 156
  9. 2019Gliding vertex on the horizontal bounding box for multi-oriented object detectioncited by 134
  10. 2021Learning High-Precision Bounding Box for Rotated Object Detection via Kullback-Leibler Divergencecited by 130
  11. 2018TextBoxes++: A Single-Shot Oriented Scene Text Detectorcited by 119
  12. 2018TextSnake: A Flexible Representation for Detecting Text of Arbitrary Shapescited by 114
  13. 2018FOTS: Fast Oriented Text Spotting with a Unified Networkcited by 109
  14. 2019Learning Modulated Loss for Rotated Object Detectioncited by 73
  15. 2022The KFIoU Loss for Rotated Object Detectioncited by 73
  16. 2020Dynamic Refinement Network for Oriented and Densely Packed Object Detectioncited by 72
  17. 2020Dynamic Anchor Learning for Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detectioncited by 70
  18. 2020SCRDet++: Detecting Small, Cluttered and Rotated Objects via Instance-Level Feature Denoising and Rotation Loss Smoothingcited by 62
  19. 2020PIoU Loss: Towards Accurate Oriented Object Detection in Complex Environmentscited by 56
  20. 2018Automatic Ship Detection of Remote Sensing Images from Google Earth in Complex Scenes Based on Multi-Scale Rotation Dense Feature Pyramid Networkscited by 54
  21. 2017R2CNN: Rotational Region CNN for Orientation Robust Scene Text Detectioncited by 51
  22. 2018Towards Multi-class Object Detection in Unconstrained Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 46
  23. 2020On the Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection: Classification based Approaches Revisitedcited by 32
  24. 2021Gaussian Bounding Boxes and Probabilistic Intersection-over-Union for Object Detectioncited by 17
  25. 2018Real-Time Rotation-Invariant Face Detection with Progressive Calibration Networkscited by 15
  26. 2018IncepText: A New Inception-Text Module with Deformable PSROI Pooling for Multi-Oriented Scene Text Detectioncited by 12
  27. 2021AlphaRotate: A Rotation Detection Benchmark using TensorFlowcited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 9; 2023: 32; 2024: 26; 2025: 30; 2026: 18.

115 papers.

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  1. 2022RTMDet: An Empirical Study of Designing Real-Time Object Detectorscited by 192
  2. 2022Towards Large-Scale Small Object Detection: Survey and Benchmarkscited by 119
  3. 2024SkySenseGPT: A Fine-Grained Instruction Tuning Dataset and Model for Remote Sensing Vision-Language Understandingcited by 101
  4. 2023Large Selective Kernel Network for Remote Sensing Object Detectioncited by 98
  5. 2023A Billion-scale Foundation Model for Remote Sensing Imagescited by 62
  6. 2023C2Former: Calibrated and Complementary Transformer for RGB-Infrared Object Detectioncited by 57
  7. 2022AO2-DETR: Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection Transformercited by 55
  8. 2024Poly Kernel Inception Network for Remote Sensing Detectioncited by 52
  9. 2023Adaptive Rotated Convolution for Rotated Object Detectioncited by 51
  10. 2023CMID: A Unified Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Remote Sensing Image Understandingcited by 48
  11. 2026Ultralytics YOLO26: Unified Real-Time End-to-End Vision Modelscited by 47
  12. 2022Phase-Shifting Coder: Predicting Accurate Orientation in Oriented Object Detectioncited by 43
38 more
  1. 2023Dynamic Coarse-to-Fine Learning for Oriented Tiny Object Detectioncited by 43
  2. 2024Good at captioning, bad at counting: Benchmarking GPT-4V on Earth observation datacited by 39
  3. 2022Detecting Rotated Objects as Gaussian Distributions and Its 3-D Generalizationcited by 36
  4. 2022H2RBox: Horizontal Box Annotation is All You Need for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 36
  5. 2024Towards Vision-Language Geo-Foundation Model: A Surveycited by 36
  6. 20245%>100%: Breaking Performance Shackles of Full Fine-Tuning on Visual Recognition Taskscited by 34
  7. 2023ARS-DETR: Aspect Ratio-Sensitive Detection Transformer for Aerial Oriented Object Detectioncited by 32
  8. 2024STAR: A First-Ever Dataset and A Large-Scale Benchmark for Scene Graph Generation in Large-Size Satellite Imagerycited by 31
  9. 2023H2RBox-v2: Incorporating Symmetry for Boosting Horizontal Box Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 28
  10. 2023PointOBB: Learning Oriented Object Detection via Single Point Supervisioncited by 25
  11. 2023Point2RBox: Combine Knowledge from Synthetic Visual Patterns for End-to-end Oriented Object Detection with Single Point Supervisioncited by 21
  12. 2024E2E-MFD: Towards End-to-End Synchronous Multimodal Fusion Detectioncited by 21
  13. 2022G-Rep: Gaussian Representation for Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detectioncited by 20
  14. 2023Learning to Holistically Detect Bridges from Large-Size VHR Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 17
  15. 2024GRA: Detecting Oriented Objects through Group-wise Rotating and Attentioncited by 13
  16. 2024PointOBB-v2: Towards Simpler, Faster, and Stronger Single Point Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 13
  17. 2025REOBench: Benchmarking Robustness of Earth Observation Foundation Modelscited by 13
  18. 2023Knowledge Combination to Learn Rotated Detection Without Rotated Annotationcited by 12
  19. 2023Spatial Transform Decoupling for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 12
  20. 2025RSAR: Restricted State Angle Resolver and Rotated SAR Benchmarkcited by 12
  21. 2024OReole-FM: successes and challenges toward billion-parameter foundation models for high-resolution satellite imagerycited by 11
  22. 2025Point2RBox-v2: Rethinking Point-supervised Oriented Object Detection with Spatial Layout Among Instancescited by 11
  23. 2024OrientedFormer: An End-to-End Transformer-Based Oriented Object Detector in Remote Sensing Imagescited by 10
  24. 2023Hausdorff Distance Matching with Adaptive Query Denoising for Rotated Detection Transformercited by 9
  25. 2023P2RBox: Point Prompt Oriented Object Detection with SAMcited by 9
  26. 2024Theoretically Achieving Continuous Representation of Oriented Bounding Boxescited by 9
  27. 2024Texture Re-scalable Universal Adversarial Perturbationcited by 9
  28. 2025A Simple Aerial Detection Baseline of Multimodal Language Modelscited by 9
  29. 2025PointOBB-v3: Expanding Performance Boundaries of Single Point-Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 9
  30. 2025OpenRSD: Towards Open-prompts for Object Detection in Remote Sensing Imagescited by 9
  31. 2023PatchDCT: Patch Refinement for High Quality Instance Segmentationcited by 8
  32. 2023Oriented object detection in optical remote sensing images using deep learning: a surveycited by 7
  33. 2023On the Robustness of Object Detection Models on Aerial Imagescited by 7
  34. 2023LVDiffusor: Distilling Functional Rearrangement Priors from Large Models into Diffusorcited by 7
  35. 2023FRED: Towards a Full Rotation-Equivariance in Aerial Image Object Detectioncited by 7
  36. 2025LEGNet: A Lightweight Edge-Gaussian Network for Low-Quality Remote Sensing Image Object Detectioncited by 7
  37. 2025GauCho: Gaussian Distributions with Cholesky Decomposition for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 6
  38. 2025Wholly-WOOD: Wholly Leveraging Diversified-quality Labels for Weakly-supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 6

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