TextSnake: A Flexible Representation for Detecting Text of Arbitrary Shapes
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Abstract (arXiv)
Driven by deep neural networks and large scale datasets, scene text detection methods have progressed substantially over the past years, continuously refreshing the performance records on various standard benchmarks. However, limited by the representations (axis-aligned rectangles, rotated rectangles or quadrangles) adopted to describe text, existing methods may fall short when dealing with much more free-form text instances, such as curved text, which are actually very common in real-world scenarios. To tackle this problem, we propose a more flexible representation for scene text, termed as TextSnake, which is able to effectively represent text instances in horizontal, oriented and curved forms. In TextSnake, a text instance is described as a sequence of ordered, overlapping disks centered at symmetric axes, each of which is associated with potentially variable radius and orientation. Such geometry attributes are estimated via a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) model. In experiments, the text detector based on TextSnake achieves state-of-the-art or comparable performance on Total-Text and SCUT-CTW1500, the two newly published benchmarks with special emphasis on curved text in natural images, as well as the widely-used datasets ICDAR 2015 and MSRA-TD500. Specifically, TextSnake outperforms the baseline on Total-Text by more than 40% in F-measure.
Key facts. Cited by 114 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Jul 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 36; 2022: 27; 2023: 20; 2024: 17; 2025: 8; 2026: 6.
114 papers.
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- 2022MMRotate: A Rotated Object Detection Benchmark using PyTorchcited by 115
- 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysiscited by 96
- 2022Real-Time Scene Text Detection with Differentiable Binarization and Adaptive Scale Fusioncited by 94
- 2023HRS-Bench: Holistic, Reliable and Scalable Benchmark for Text-to-Image Modelscited by 94
- 2021ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-time End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 84
- 2021Fourier Contour Embedding for Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detectioncited by 80
- 2023SPTS v2: Single-Point Scene Text Spottingcited by 66
- 2021PAN++: Towards Efficient and Accurate End-to-End Spotting of Arbitrarily-Shaped Textcited by 65
- 2022Few Could Be Better Than All: Feature Sampling and Grouping for Scene Text Detectioncited by 65
- 2022DPText-DETR: Towards Better Scene Text Detection with Dynamic Points in Transformercited by 50
- 2021PGNet: Real-time Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Spotting with Point Gathering Networkcited by 49
- 2021Adaptive Boundary Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 47
38 more
- 2021SPTS: Single-Point Text Spottingcited by 45
- 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Detectorcited by 44
- 2021Split, embed and merge: An accurate table structure recognizercited by 42
- 2021MMOCR: A Comprehensive Toolbox for Text Detection, Recognition and Understandingcited by 40
- 2021MOST: A Multi-Oriented Scene Text Detector with Localization Refinementcited by 33
- 2022Arbitrary Shape Text Detection via Boundary Transformercited by 28
- 2021PolarMask++: Enhanced Polar Representation for Single-Shot Instance Segmentation and Beyondcited by 27
- 2022Language Matters: A Weakly Supervised Vision-Language Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 27
- 2021TPSNet: Reverse Thinking of Thin Plate Splines for Arbitrary Shape Scene Text Representationcited by 26
- 2021Mask is All You Need: Rethinking Mask R-CNN for Dense and Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 23
- 2023ICDAR 2023 Competition on Hierarchical Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 23
- 2026AgentOCR: Reimagining Agent History via Optical Self-Compressioncited by 22
- 2021Stroke-Based Scene Text Erasing Using Synthetic Data for Trainingcited by 20
- 2022Vision-Language Pre-Training for Boosting Scene Text Detectorscited by 18
- 2022Kernel Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 17
- 2021Industrial Scene Text Detection with Refined Feature-attentive Networkcited by 16
- 2022Arbitrary Shape Text Detection via Segmentation with Probability Mapscited by 15
- 2021I3CL:Intra- and Inter-Instance Collaborative Learning for Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 14
- 2021CentripetalText: An Efficient Text Instance Representation for Scene Text Detectioncited by 13
- 2022TextDCT: Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection via Discrete Cosine Transform Maskcited by 13
- 2026Seeing is Coding: On the Effectiveness of Vision Language Models in Code Understandingcited by 13
- 2022COO: Comic Onomatopoeia Dataset for Recognizing Arbitrary or Truncated Textscited by 12
- 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learningcited by 12
- 2022Text Growing on Leafcited by 11
- 2021Synthetic Map Generation to Provide Unlimited Training Data for Historical Map Text Detectioncited by 10
- 2022Explore Faster Localization Learning For Scene Text Detectioncited by 10
- 2021FAST: Faster Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Detector with Minimalist Kernel Representationcited by 9
- 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Spottercited by 9
- 2023Bridging Synthetic and Real Worlds for Pre-training Scene Text Detectorscited by 9
- 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Samplingcited by 9
- 2023Hierarchical Text Spotter for Joint Text Spotting and Layout Analysiscited by 8
- 2024Seeing Text in the Dark: Algorithm and Benchmarkcited by 8
- 2021All You Need is a Second Look: Towards Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detectioncited by 7
- 2021ARTS: Eliminating Inconsistency between Text Detection and Recognition with Auto-Rectification Text Spottercited by 7
- 2022Graph Fusion Network for Multi-Oriented Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2022Zoom Text Detectorcited by 7
- 2022Arbitrary Shape Text Detection using Transformerscited by 6
- 2022TRIE++: Towards End-to-End Information Extraction from Visually Rich Documentscited by 6
50 most cited of 114 All 114 (JSON)
- 2026MEVL-STP: Multi-Encoder and Vision Language Model for Arbitrarily Shaped Scene Text Spotting23 Sep 2026
- 2026EpiSAM: Character Segmentation in Challenging Stone Inscriptions27 Jun 2026
- 2026Do You Need Text Rectification? Soft Attention Mask Embedding for Rectification-Free Scene Text Spotting18 May 2026
- 2026OCR-Agent: Agentic OCR with Capability and Memory Reflection24 Feb 2026
- 2026Seeing is Coding: On the Effectiveness of Vision Language Models in Code Understanding2 Feb 2026
- 2026AgentOCR: Reimagining Agent History via Optical Self-Compression8 Jan 2026
- 2025TextMamba: Scene Text Detector with Mamba7 Dec 2025
- 2025ClapperText: A Benchmark for Text Recognition in Low-Resource Archival Documents17 Oct 2025
- 2025SAViL-Det: Semantic-Aware Vision-Language Model for Multi-Script Text Detection27 Jul 2025
- 2025Inverse Scene Text Removal26 Jun 2025
- 2025The Devil is in Fine-tuning and Long-tailed Problems:A New Benchmark for Scene Text Detection21 May 2025
- 2025DocSAM: Unified Document Image Segmentation via Query Decomposition and Heterogeneous Mixed Learning5 Apr 2025
38 more
- 2025Edge Approximation Text Detector5 Apr 2025
- 2025PLATTER: A Page-Level Handwritten Text Recognition System for Indic Scripts10 Feb 2025
- 2024Real-Time Text Detection with Similar Mask in Traffic, Industrial, and Natural Scenes5 Nov 2024
- 2024Focus Entirety and Perceive Environment for Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection25 Sep 2024
- 2024Spotlight Text Detector: Spotlight on Candidate Regions Like a Camera25 Sep 2024
- 2024Region Prompt Tuning: Fine-grained Scene Text Detection Utilizing Region Text Prompt20 Sep 2024
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Forms27 Aug 2024
- 2024Predicting Visual Attention in Graphic Design Documents2 Jul 2024
- 2024Artistic-style text detector and a new Movie-Poster dataset24 Jun 2024
- 2024SegHist: A General Segmentation-based Framework for Chinese Historical Document Text Line Detection17 Jun 2024
- 2024Text Grouping Adapter: Adapting Pre-trained Text Detector for Layout Analysis13 May 2024
- 2024MorphText: Deep Morphology Regularized Arbitrary-shape Scene Text Detection26 Apr 2024
- 2024Seeing Text in the Dark: Algorithm and Benchmark13 Apr 2024
- 2024Single-image driven 3d viewpoint training data augmentation for effective wine label recognition12 Apr 2024
- 2024Efficiently Leveraging Linguistic Priors for Scene Text Spotting27 Feb 2024
- 2024Text Region Multiple Information Perception Network for Scene Text Detection18 Jan 2024
- 2024Dynamic Relation Transformer for Contextual Text Block Detection17 Jan 2024
- 2024Watermark Text Pattern Spotting in Document Images10 Jan 2024
- 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Sampling8 Jan 2024
- 2023Research on Multilingual Natural Scene Text Detection Algorithm18 Dec 2023
- 2023Edge Wasserstein Distance Loss for Oriented Object Detection12 Dec 2023
- 2023Bridging Synthetic and Real Worlds for Pre-training Scene Text Detectors8 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards Detecting, Recognizing, and Parsing the Address Information from Bangla Signboard: A Deep Learning-based Approach22 Nov 2023
- 2023Hierarchical Text Spotter for Joint Text Spotting and Layout Analysis25 Oct 2023
- 2023Box2Poly: Memory-Efficient Polygon Prediction of Arbitrarily Shaped and Rotated Text20 Sep 2023
- 2023Towards Large-scale Building Attribute Mapping using Crowdsourced Images: Scene Text Recognition on Flickr and Problems to be Solved14 Sep 2023
- 2023PBFormer: Capturing Complex Scene Text Shape with Polynomial Band Transformer29 Aug 2023
- 2023Self-supervised Scene Text Segmentation with Object-centric Layered Representations Augmented by Text Regions25 Aug 2023
- 2023SRFormer: Text Detection Transformer with Incorporated Segmentation and Regression21 Aug 2023
- 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Spotter21 Aug 2023
- 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learning14 Aug 2023
- 2023Adaptive Segmentation Network for Scene Text Detection27 Jul 2023
- 2023CT-Net: Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection via Contour Transformer25 Jul 2023
- 2023Line Graphics Digitization: A Step Towards Full Automation5 Jul 2023
- 2023ICDAR 2023 Competition on Hierarchical Text Detection and Recognition16 May 2023
- 2023HRS-Bench: Holistic, Reliable and Scalable Benchmark for Text-to-Image Models11 Apr 2023
- 2023Deformable Kernel Expansion Model for Efficient Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detection28 Mar 2023
- 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Detector28 Feb 2023
50 newest of 114 All 114 (JSON)
- 2022Language Matters: A Weakly Supervised Vision-Language Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 27
- 2022Vision-Language Pre-Training for Boosting Scene Text Detectorscited by 18
- 2026Seeing is Coding: On the Effectiveness of Vision Language Models in Code Understandingcited by 13
- 2026OCR-Agent: Agentic OCR with Capability and Memory Reflectioncited by 1
- 2025SAViL-Det: Semantic-Aware Vision-Language Model for Multi-Script Text Detectioncited by 0
- 2026MEVL-STP: Multi-Encoder and Vision Language Model for Arbitrarily Shaped Scene Text Spottingcited by 0
- 2026MEVL-STP: Multi-Encoder and Vision Language Model for Arbitrarily Shaped Scene Text Spotting23 Sep 2026
- 2026OCR-Agent: Agentic OCR with Capability and Memory Reflection24 Feb 2026
- 2026Seeing is Coding: On the Effectiveness of Vision Language Models in Code Understanding2 Feb 2026
- 2025SAViL-Det: Semantic-Aware Vision-Language Model for Multi-Script Text Detection27 Jul 2025
- 2022Vision-Language Pre-Training for Boosting Scene Text Detectors29 Apr 2022
- 2022Language Matters: A Weakly Supervised Vision-Language Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spotting8 Mar 2022
- 2025TextMamba: Scene Text Detector with Mambacited by 2
- 2025TextMamba: Scene Text Detector with Mamba7 Dec 2025
- 2022MMRotate: A Rotated Object Detection Benchmark using PyTorchcited by 115
- 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysiscited by 96
- 2022Real-Time Scene Text Detection with Differentiable Binarization and Adaptive Scale Fusioncited by 94
- 2021ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-time End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 84
- 2021Fourier Contour Embedding for Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detectioncited by 80
- 2023SPTS v2: Single-Point Scene Text Spottingcited by 66
- 2021PAN++: Towards Efficient and Accurate End-to-End Spotting of Arbitrarily-Shaped Textcited by 65
- 2022Few Could Be Better Than All: Feature Sampling and Grouping for Scene Text Detectioncited by 65
- 2022DPText-DETR: Towards Better Scene Text Detection with Dynamic Points in Transformercited by 50
- 2021PGNet: Real-time Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Spotting with Point Gathering Networkcited by 49
- 2021Adaptive Boundary Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 47
- 2021SPTS: Single-Point Text Spottingcited by 45
12 most cited of 105 All 105 (JSON)
- 2026EpiSAM: Character Segmentation in Challenging Stone Inscriptions27 Jun 2026
- 2026Do You Need Text Rectification? Soft Attention Mask Embedding for Rectification-Free Scene Text Spotting18 May 2026
- 2025ClapperText: A Benchmark for Text Recognition in Low-Resource Archival Documents17 Oct 2025
- 2025Inverse Scene Text Removal26 Jun 2025
- 2025The Devil is in Fine-tuning and Long-tailed Problems:A New Benchmark for Scene Text Detection21 May 2025
- 2025DocSAM: Unified Document Image Segmentation via Query Decomposition and Heterogeneous Mixed Learning5 Apr 2025
- 2025Edge Approximation Text Detector5 Apr 2025
- 2025PLATTER: A Page-Level Handwritten Text Recognition System for Indic Scripts10 Feb 2025
- 2024Real-Time Text Detection with Similar Mask in Traffic, Industrial, and Natural Scenes5 Nov 2024
- 2024Focus Entirety and Perceive Environment for Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection25 Sep 2024
- 2024Spotlight Text Detector: Spotlight on Candidate Regions Like a Camera25 Sep 2024
- 2024Region Prompt Tuning: Fine-grained Scene Text Detection Utilizing Region Text Prompt20 Sep 2024
12 newest of 105 All 105 (JSON)