mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

TextBoxes++: A Single-Shot Oriented Scene Text Detector

arXiv 1801.02765 ↗First posted 9 Jan 2018cs.CVcited by 119

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Abstract (arXiv)

Scene text detection is an important step of scene text recognition system and also a challenging problem. Different from general object detection, the main challenges of scene text detection lie on arbitrary orientations, small sizes, and significantly variant aspect ratios of text in natural images. In this paper, we present an end-to-end trainable fast scene text detector, named TextBoxes++, which detects arbitrary-oriented scene text with both high accuracy and efficiency in a single network forward pass. No post-processing other than an efficient non-maximum suppression is involved. We have evaluated the proposed TextBoxes++ on four public datasets. In all experiments, TextBoxes++ outperforms competing methods in terms of text localization accuracy and runtime. More specifically, TextBoxes++ achieves an f-measure of 0.817 at 11.6fps for 1024*1024 ICDAR 2015 Incidental text images, and an f-measure of 0.5591 at 19.8fps for 768*768 COCO-Text images. Furthermore, combined with a text recognizer, TextBoxes++ significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches for word spotting and end-to-end text recognition tasks on popular benchmarks. Code is available at: https://github.com/MhLiao/TextBoxes_plusplus

Key facts. Cited by 119 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Jan 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 41; 2022: 36; 2023: 16; 2024: 14; 2025: 8; 2026: 4.

119 papers.

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  1. 2021Object Detection in Aerial Images: A Large-Scale Benchmark and Challengescited by 202
  2. 2021Rethinking Rotated Object Detection with Gaussian Wasserstein Distance Losscited by 156
  3. 2022MMRotate: A Rotated Object Detection Benchmark using PyTorchcited by 115
  4. 2022Real-Time Scene Text Detection with Differentiable Binarization and Adaptive Scale Fusioncited by 94
  5. 2021ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-time End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 84
  6. 2021Fourier Contour Embedding for Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detectioncited by 80
  7. 2022DeepSolo: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Text Spottingcited by 74
  8. 2022The KFIoU Loss for Rotated Object Detectioncited by 73
  9. 2022SwinTextSpotter: Scene Text Spotting via Better Synergy between Text Detection and Text Recognitioncited by 70
  10. 2022Text Spotting Transformerscited by 70
  11. 2023SPTS v2: Single-Point Scene Text Spottingcited by 66
  12. 2021PAN++: Towards Efficient and Accurate End-to-End Spotting of Arbitrarily-Shaped Textcited by 65
38 more
  1. 2022Few Could Be Better Than All: Feature Sampling and Grouping for Scene Text Detectioncited by 65
  2. 2021What If We Only Use Real Datasets for Scene Text Recognition? Toward Scene Text Recognition With Fewer Labelscited by 63
  3. 2022DPText-DETR: Towards Better Scene Text Detection with Dynamic Points in Transformercited by 50
  4. 2021Adaptive Boundary Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 47
  5. 2021Open Images V5 Text Annotation and Yet Another Mask Text Spottercited by 46
  6. 2022Reading and Writing: Discriminative and Generative Modeling for Self-Supervised Text Recognitioncited by 45
  7. 2022Detecting Rotated Objects as Gaussian Distributions and Its 3-D Generalizationcited by 36
  8. 2022H2RBox: Horizontal Box Annotation is All You Need for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 36
  9. 2021MOST: A Multi-Oriented Scene Text Detector with Localization Refinementcited by 33
  10. 2021Deep Learning for UAV-based Object Detection and Tracking: A Surveycited by 33
  11. 2024Hi-SAM: Marrying Segment Anything Model for Hierarchical Text Segmentationcited by 30
  12. 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformercited by 29
  13. 2022Arbitrary Shape Text Detection via Boundary Transformercited by 28
  14. 2021Optimization for Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection via Representation Invariance Losscited by 27
  15. 2022Language Matters: A Weakly Supervised Vision-Language Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 27
  16. 2023Towards Unified Scene Text Spotting based on Sequence Generationcited by 27
  17. 2021TPSNet: Reverse Thinking of Thin Plate Splines for Arbitrary Shape Scene Text Representationcited by 26
  18. 2021Mask is All You Need: Rethinking Mask R-CNN for Dense and Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 23
  19. 2021A General Gaussian Heatmap Label Assignment for Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detectioncited by 22
  20. 2022Localization Distillation for Object Detectioncited by 19
  21. 2022Vision-Language Pre-Training for Boosting Scene Text Detectorscited by 18
  22. 2021Gaussian Bounding Boxes and Probabilistic Intersection-over-Union for Object Detectioncited by 17
  23. 2022Kernel Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 17
  24. 2021RSDet++: Point-based Modulated Loss for More Accurate Rotated Object Detectioncited by 16
  25. 2021Industrial Scene Text Detection with Refined Feature-attentive Networkcited by 16
  26. 2022Arbitrary Shape Text Detection via Segmentation with Probability Mapscited by 15
  27. 2021I3CL:Intra- and Inter-Instance Collaborative Learning for Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 14
  28. 2021CentripetalText: An Efficient Text Instance Representation for Scene Text Detectioncited by 13
  29. 2022TextDCT: Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection via Discrete Cosine Transform Maskcited by 13
  30. 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learningcited by 12
  31. 2022Text Growing on Leafcited by 11
  32. 2021Video Text Tracking With a Spatio-Temporal Complementary Modelcited by 10
  33. 2024Class-Aware Mask-Guided Feature Refinement for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 10
  34. 2024ODM: A Text-Image Further Alignment Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 10
  35. 2021FAST: Faster Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Detector with Minimalist Kernel Representationcited by 9
  36. 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Samplingcited by 9
  37. 2024Bridging the Gap Between End-to-End and Two-Step Text Spottingcited by 9
  38. 2021Anchor Retouching via Model Interaction for Robust Object Detection in Aerial Imagescited by 8

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