mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

HumanCLAW: Can Vision-Language Models Act Through a Body?

arXiv 2607.27180 ↗First posted 29 Jul 2026cs.CV cs.ROcited by 1

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models

Abstract (arXiv)

Evaluating whether a vision-language model (VLM) can act through a physical body is challenging. The outcome of an action couples the VLM's decision with motor control. When a task fails, it is hard to tell whether the VLM made a bad choice or the motor controller simply failed to execute it, e.g., losing balance and falling. In this work, we introduce HumanCLAW, an evaluation framework that decouples action decision-making from low-level execution. At every step, a harnessed, off-the-shelf VLM issues an atomic skill command, and the command is translated into a sub-second chunk of continuous full-body motion with real physical consequences, including gravity and collisions. The body can therefore act freely in the physical world, while execution-side disturbances, balance and motor errors, are factored out. What remains measurable is the model's action intelligence: its moment-to-moment choice of what the body should execute next. Based on this framework, we build HumanCLAW-Bench: 1,218 long-horizon, egocentric find-navigate-interact episodes across 41 indoor scenes. We test nine state-of-the-art VLMs and find that none solves the benchmark; the best model reaches only a 16.8% success rate. Recognizing the target is not the bottleneck. What current VLMs lack is embodied self-awareness: they lose track of their own body, failing to tell where it is, whether it has reached the goal, or whether it has hit an obstacle.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 50 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jul 2026.

Builds on

50 of 55 references.

Closest ancestors · 8

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025VideoGameBench: Can Vision-Language Models complete popular video games?23 May
  2. 2025EmbodiedBench: Comprehensive Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for Vision-Driven Embodied Agents13 Feb
  3. 2024Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember, and Recall Spaces18 Dec
  4. 2024VisualAgentBench: Towards Large Multimodal Models as Visual Foundation Agents12 Aug
  5. 2024Manipulate-Anything: Automating Real-World Robots using Vision-Language Models27 Jun
  6. 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilities22 Jan
  7. 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control28 Jul
  8. 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model6 Mar

Other references · 42

  1. 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
  2. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
  3. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,081
  4. 2024Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policycited by 1,427
  5. 2022Code as Policies: Language Model Programs for Embodied Controlcited by 1,172
  6. 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,163
  7. 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,062
  8. 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Modelscited by 1,057
  9. 2017Vision-and-Language Navigation: Interpreting visually-grounded navigation instructions in real environmentscited by 1,013
  10. 2019ALFRED: A Benchmark for Interpreting Grounded Instructions for Everyday Taskscited by 773
  11. 2023VoxPoser: Composable 3D Value Maps for Robotic Manipulation with Language Modelscited by 733
  12. 2021Habitat 2.0: Training Home Assistants to Rearrange their Habitatcited by 501
30 more
  1. 2022LLM-Planner: Few-Shot Grounded Planning for Embodied Agents with Large Language Modelscited by 459
  2. 2018VirtualHome: Simulating Household Activities via Programscited by 411
  3. 2023MoMask: Generative Masked Modeling of 3D Human Motionscited by 388
  4. 2022PhysDiff: Physics-Guided Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 365
  5. 2024A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AIcited by 274
  6. 2023OmniControl: Control Any Joint at Any Time for Human Motion Generationcited by 233
  7. 2023Habitat 3.0: A Co-Habitat for Humans, Avatars and Robotscited by 220
  8. 2022Bailando: 3D Dance Generation by Actor-Critic GPT with Choreographic Memorycited by 210
  9. 2021Stochastic Scene-Aware Motion Predictioncited by 203
  10. 2025MolmoAct: Action Reasoning Models that can Reason in Spacecited by 189
  11. 2023Habitat Synthetic Scenes Dataset (HSSD-200): An Analysis of 3D Scene Scale and Realism Tradeoffs for ObjectGoal Navigationcited by 162
  12. 2024Embodied Agent Interface: Benchmarking LLMs for Embodied Decision Makingcited by 142
  13. 2024Cradle: Empowering Foundation Agents Towards General Computer Controlcited by 114
  14. 2023Synthesizing Diverse Human Motions in 3D Indoor Scenescited by 109
  15. 2024PARTNR: A Benchmark for Planning and Reasoning in Embodied Multi-agent Taskscited by 78
  16. 2024CoMo: Controllable Motion Generation through Language Guided Pose Code Editingcited by 66
  17. 2021The Wanderings of Odysseus in 3D Scenescited by 59
  18. 2024LoTa-Bench: Benchmarking Language-oriented Task Planners for Embodied Agentscited by 51
  19. 2024Duolando: Follower GPT with Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for Dance Accompanimentcited by 46
  20. 2025Unfolding Spatial Cognition: Evaluating Multimodal Models on Visual Simulationscited by 21
  21. 2026ESI-Bench: Towards Embodied Spatial Intelligence that Closes the Perception-Action Loopcited by 19
  22. 2025PRIMAL: Physically Reactive and Interactive Motor Model for Avatar Learningcited by 13
  23. 2025Text2Interact: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-Two-Person Interaction Generationcited by 10
  24. 2026LLaMo: Scaling Pretrained Language Models for Unified Motion Understanding and Generation with Continuous Autoregressive Tokenscited by 10
  25. 2025EgoReAct: Egocentric Video-Driven 3D Human Reaction Generationcited by 7
  26. 2025GenHSI: Controllable Generation of Human-Scene Interaction Videoscited by 6
  27. 2026UMO: Unified In-Context Learning Unlocks Motion Foundation Model Priorscited by 5
  28. 2025Half-Physics: Enabling Kinematic 3D Human Model with Physical Interactionscited by 4
  29. 2025Moving by Looking: Towards Vision-Driven Avatar Motion Generationcited by 4
  30. 2026IAM: Identity-Aware Human Motion and Shape Joint Generationcited by 1

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025VisualActBench: Can VLMs See and Act like a Human?
  2. 2025An Anatomy of Vision-Language-Action Models: From Modules to Milestones and Challenges
  3. 2026From Perception to Action: An Interactive Benchmark for Vision Reasoning
  4. 2025Vision Language Action Models in Robotic Manipulation: A Systematic Review
  5. 2026Vision-Language-Action in Robotics: A Survey of Datasets, Benchmarks, and Data Engines
  6. 2025A Survey on Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models
  7. 2026How Foundational Skills Influence VLM-based Embodied Agents:A Native Perspective
  8. 202510 Open Challenges Steering the Future of Vision-Language-Action Models