NOUS: Video-Driven 3D Human Reaction Generation via Observation-Reaction Mutual Steering

Video-driven 3D human reaction generation aims to synthesize 3D human motion in response to the action observed in a video, playing an important role in interactive multimedia systems and embodied agents. Yet reaction motions generated by current methods often fail to match what the observed video calls for. We observe that one factor behind this failure is relational distortion in the correspondence between visual observations and reactions: videos lying close in the visual space may correspond to entirely different motions in the reaction space, which misleads the model into generating reactions inconsistent with the conditioning video. This motivates us to propose a new observatioN-reactiOn mUtual Steering (textttNOUS) framework that enables mutual steering between the video and motion modalities. It first performs Motion Feedback Steering (MFS), equipping the frozen pretrained video encoder with a lightweight rectification modulator and training the modulator with a relational margin loss that pulls each video embedding toward the motion prototype of its own category and away from those of other categories. In this way, the misaligned correspondence between visual observations and reactions can be calibrated. textttNOUS then applies Observation-Guided Refinement (OGR), which in turn exploits the rectified observations to further refine the generated reactions and enhance their quality. The results on the ViMo dataset demonstrate that textttNOUS improves the quality of reaction motion while incurring negligible computational overhead at inference. Also, textttNOUS yields consistent gains across four pretrained video encoders, showing its good compatibility.