See4D: Pose-Free 4D Generation via Auto-Regressive Video Inpainting
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Immersive applications call for synthesizing spatiotemporal 4D content from casual videos without costly 3D supervision. Existing video-to-4D methods typically rely on manually annotated camera poses, which are labor-intensive and brittle for in-the-wild footage. Recent warp-then-inpaint approaches mitigate the need for pose labels by warping input frames along a novel camera trajectory and using an inpainting model to fill missing regions, thereby depicting the 4D scene from diverse viewpoints. However, this trajectory-to-trajectory formulation often entangles camera motion with scene dynamics and complicates both modeling and inference. We introduce See4D, a pose-free, trajectory-to-camera framework that replaces explicit trajectory prediction with rendering to a bank of fixed virtual cameras, thereby separating camera control from scene modeling. A view-conditional video inpainting model is trained to learn a robust geometry prior by denoising realistically synthesized warped images and to inpaint occluded or missing regions across virtual viewpoints, eliminating the need for explicit 3D annotations. Building on this inpainting core, we design a spatiotemporal autoregressive inference pipeline that traverses virtual-camera splines and extends videos with overlapping windows, enabling coherent generation at bounded per-step complexity. We validate See4D on cross-view video generation and sparse reconstruction benchmarks. Across quantitative metrics and qualitative assessments, our method achieves superior generalization and improved performance relative to pose- or trajectory-conditioned baselines, advancing practical 4D world modeling from casual videos.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 90 of its 109 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Oct 2025.
Builds on
90 of 109 references.
References · 90
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
- 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusioncited by 3,006
- 2023Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasetscited by 2,526
- 2024CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformercited by 2,198
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
- 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
- 2023VBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Video Generative Modelscited by 1,755
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
38 more
- 2023Zero-1-to-3: Zero-shot One Image to 3D Objectcited by 1,483
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
- 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,194
- 2021Frozen in Time: A Joint Video and Image Encoder for End-to-End Retrievalcited by 1,175
- 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,144
- 20242D Gaussian Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fieldscited by 1,061
- 2022CogVideo: Large-scale Pretraining for Text-to-Video Generation via Transformerscited by 973
- 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 753
- 2020Neural Scene Flow Fields for Space-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 750
- 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 684
- 2023pixelSplat: 3D Gaussian Splats from Image Pairs for Scalable Generalizable 3D Reconstructioncited by 668
- 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 667
- 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 661
- 2021RegNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis from Sparse Inputscited by 614
- 2023SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Renderingcited by 611
- 2024MVSplat: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Imagescited by 553
- 2023Instruct-NeRF2NeRF: Editing 3D Scenes with Instructionscited by 482
- 2023Real-time Photorealistic Dynamic Scene Representation and Rendering with 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 470
- 2024CameraCtrl: Enabling Camera Control for Text-to-Video Generationcited by 448
- 2024CAT3D: Create Anything in 3D with Multi-View Diffusion Modelscited by 425
- 2020Space-time Neural Irradiance Fields for Free-Viewpoint Videocited by 414
- 2024ViewCrafter: Taming Video Diffusion Models for High-fidelity Novel View Synthesiscited by 392
- 2025GEN3C: 3D-Informed World-Consistent Video Generation with Precise Camera Controlcited by 325
- 2023ReconFusion: 3D Reconstruction with Diffusion Priorscited by 317
- 2023FreeNeRF: Improving Few-shot Neural Rendering with Free Frequency Regularizationcited by 310
- 2025ReCamMaster: Camera-Controlled Generative Rendering from A Single Videocited by 278
- 2020Neural Radiance Flow for 4D View Synthesis and Video Processingcited by 270
- 2024DNGaussian: Optimizing Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Radiance Fields with Global-Local Depth Normalizationcited by 256
- 2023SparseNeRF: Distilling Depth Ranking for Few-shot Novel View Synthesiscited by 247
- 2024Shape of Motion: 4D Reconstruction from a Single Videocited by 247
- 2022DynIBaR: Neural Dynamic Image-Based Renderingcited by 224
- 2022SparseFusion: Distilling View-conditioned Diffusion for 3D Reconstructioncited by 216
- 2021HyperNeRF: A Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 210
- 2024DepthCrafter: Generating Consistent Long Depth Sequences for Open-world Videoscited by 202
- 2022Monocular Dynamic View Synthesis: A Reality Checkcited by 199
- 20244D-Rotor Gaussian Splatting: Towards Efficient Novel View Synthesis for Dynamic Scenescited by 185
- 2025Diffusion as Shader: 3D-aware Video Diffusion for Versatile Video Generation Controlcited by 184
- 2020Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenes with Globally Coherent Depths from a Monocular Cameracited by 166
50 most cited of 90 All 90 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 10.
11 papers.
- 2026NeoVerse: Enhancing 4D World Model with in-the-wild Monocular Videoscited by 39
- 2026AnchorWeave: World-Consistent Video Generation with Retrieved Local Spatial Memoriescited by 13
- 2025ReDirector: Creating Any-Length Video Retakes with Rotary Camera Encodingcited by 10
- 2026FreeOrbit4D: Training-Free Arbitrary Camera Redirection for Monocular Videos via Foreground-Complete 4D Reconstructioncited by 4
- 2026Research on World Models Is Not Merely Injecting World Knowledge into Specific Taskscited by 3
- 2026Geo-Align: Video Generation Alignment via Metric Geometry Rewardcited by 2
- 2026UniWorld-View: Large-Baseline View Synthesis via Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2026Embody4D: A Generalist Data Engine for Embodied 4D World Modelingcited by 1
- 2026Robust Dreamer: Deviation-Aware Latent Gaussian Memory for Action-Controlled AR Video Generationcited by 0
- 2026FlashRender: Few-Step Generative Rendering via Camera-Controlled Video MeanFlowcited by 0
- 2026World in World: Explore the World with World Modelscited by 0
- 2026World in World: Explore the World with World Models10 Sep 2026
- 2026FlashRender: Few-Step Generative Rendering via Camera-Controlled Video MeanFlow3 Sep 2026
- 2026UniWorld-View: Large-Baseline View Synthesis via Video Diffusion Models5 Aug 2026
- 2026Robust Dreamer: Deviation-Aware Latent Gaussian Memory for Action-Controlled AR Video Generation29 May 2026
- 2026Geo-Align: Video Generation Alignment via Metric Geometry Reward22 May 2026
- 2026Embody4D: A Generalist Data Engine for Embodied 4D World Modeling3 May 2026
- 2026AnchorWeave: World-Consistent Video Generation with Retrieved Local Spatial Memories16 Feb 2026
- 2026Research on World Models Is Not Merely Injecting World Knowledge into Specific Tasks2 Feb 2026
- 2026FreeOrbit4D: Training-Free Arbitrary Camera Redirection for Monocular Videos via Foreground-Complete 4D Reconstruction26 Jan 2026
- 2026NeoVerse: Enhancing 4D World Model with in-the-wild Monocular Videos1 Jan 2026
- 2025ReDirector: Creating Any-Length Video Retakes with Rotary Camera Encoding25 Nov 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Diff4Splat: Controllable 4D Scene Generation with Latent Dynamic Reconstruction Models
- 2024Controlling Space and Time with Diffusion Models
- 2026Video Models as Native 4D Renderers: World-Grounded Conditioning from Animated Mesh
- 20264DStreamCtrl: Interactive Video Generation with Online 4D Control
- 2026Beyond Inpainting: Unleash 3D Understanding for Precise Camera-Controlled Video Generation
- 2026LaVR: Scene Latent Conditioned Generative Video Trajectory Re-Rendering using Large 4D Reconstruction Models
- 2025CoCo4D: Comprehensive and Complex 4D Scene Generation
- 2025Dream4D: Lifting Camera-Controlled I2V towards Spatiotemporally Consistent 4D Generation