mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memory

arXiv 2504.19413 ↗First posted 28 Apr 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 722

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable prowess in generating contextually coherent responses, yet their fixed context windows pose fundamental challenges for maintaining consistency over prolonged multi-session dialogues. We introduce Mem0, a scalable memory-centric architecture that addresses this issue by dynamically extracting, consolidating, and retrieving salient information from ongoing conversations. Building on this foundation, we further propose an enhanced variant that leverages graph-based memory representations to capture complex relational structures among conversational elements. Through comprehensive evaluations on LOCOMO benchmark, we systematically compare our approaches against six baseline categories: (i) established memory-augmented systems, (ii) retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with varying chunk sizes and k-values, (iii) a full-context approach that processes the entire conversation history, (iv) an open-source memory solution, (v) a proprietary model system, and (vi) a dedicated memory management platform. Empirical results show that our methods consistently outperform all existing memory systems across four question categories: single-hop, temporal, multi-hop, and open-domain. Notably, Mem0 achieves 26% relative improvements in the LLM-as-a-Judge metric over OpenAI, while Mem0 with graph memory achieves around 2% higher overall score than the base configuration. Beyond accuracy gains, we also markedly reduce computational overhead compared to full-context method. In particular, Mem0 attains a 91% lower p95 latency and saves more than 90% token cost, offering a compelling balance between advanced reasoning capabilities and practical deployment constraints. Our findings highlight critical role of structured, persistent memory mechanisms for long-term conversational coherence, paving the way for more reliable and efficient LLM-driven AI agents.

Key facts. Cited by 722 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 20 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Apr 2025.

Builds on

20 of 31 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents17 Feb
  2. 2025Zep: A Temporal Knowledge Graph Architecture for Agent Memory20 Jan
  3. 2024A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agents21 Apr
  4. 2024Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agents27 Feb
  5. 2024A Human-Inspired Reading Agent with Gist Memory of Very Long Contexts15 Feb

Other references · 15

  1. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
  2. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  3. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,175
  4. 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,295
  5. 2023MemoryBank: Enhancing Large Language Models with Long-Term Memorycited by 539
  6. 2024RAPTOR: Recursive Abstractive Processing for Tree-Organized Retrievalcited by 519
  7. 2022Recurrent Memory Transformercited by 197
  8. 2023FinMem: A Performance-Enhanced LLM Trading Agent with Layered Memory and Character Designcited by 163
  9. 2023CLIN: A Continually Learning Language Agent for Rapid Task Adaptation and Generalizationcited by 88
  10. 2023Think-in-Memory: Recalling and Post-thinking Enable LLMs with Long-Term Memorycited by 64
  11. 2024Active-Dormant Attention Heads: Mechanistically Demystifying Extreme-Token Phenomena in LLMscited by 54
  12. 2024Needle in the Haystack for Memory Based Large Language Modelscited by 32
3 more
  1. 2024Human-inspired Perspectives: A Survey on AI Long-term Memorycited by 12
  2. 2023Knowledge-enhanced Agents for Interactive Text Gamescited by 10
  3. 2025Memory Is All You Need: Testing How Model Memory Affects LLM Performance in Annotation Taskscited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 104; 2026: 618.

722 papers.

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  1. 2025Memory in the Age of AI Agentscited by 285
  2. 2025ReasoningBank: Scaling Agent Self-Evolving with Reasoning Memorycited by 253
  3. 2026SkillRL: Evolving Agents via Recursive Skill-Augmented Reinforcement Learningcited by 252
  4. 2025Evaluating Memory in LLM Agents via Incremental Multi-Turn Interactionscited by 236
  5. 2025MemAgent: Reshaping Long-Context LLM with Multi-Conv RL-based Memory Agentcited by 235
  6. 2025MEM1: Learning to Synergize Memory and Reasoning for Efficient Long-Horizon Agentscited by 226
  7. 2025The Landscape of Agentic Reinforcement Learning for LLMs: A Surveycited by 195
  8. 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 175
  9. 2025LightMem: Lightweight and Efficient Memory-Augmented Generationcited by 163
  10. 2025MIRIX: Multi-Agent Memory System for LLM-Based Agentscited by 160
  11. 2025A Survey of Self-Evolving Agents: What, When, How, and Where to Evolve on the Path to Artificial Super Intelligencecited by 155
  12. 2025MemOS: A Memory OS for AI Systemcited by 129
38 more
  1. 2025EvolveR: Self-Evolving LLM Agents through an Experience-Driven Lifecyclecited by 129
  2. 2025Evo-Memory: Benchmarking LLM Agent Test-time Learning with Self-Evolving Memorycited by 129
  3. 2026MemSkill: Learning and Evolving Memory Skills for Self-Evolving Agentscited by 129
  4. 2025A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Modelscited by 120
  5. 2025Memento: Fine-tuning LLM Agents without Fine-tuning LLMscited by 119
  6. 2026MemRL: Self-Evolving Agents via Runtime Reinforcement Learning on Episodic Memorycited by 113
  7. 2025G-Memory: Tracing Hierarchical Memory for Multi-Agent Systemscited by 112
  8. 2026AutoSkill: Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning via Skill Self-Evolutioncited by 105
  9. 2025AgentFold: Long-Horizon Web Agents with Proactive Context Managementcited by 95
  10. 2025Recursive Language Modelscited by 94
  11. 2025Seeing, Listening, Remembering, and Reasoning: A Multimodal Agent with Long-Term Memorycited by 88
  12. 2026OpenClaw-RL: Train Any Agent Simply by Talkingcited by 83
  13. 2025PersonaMem-v2: Towards Personalized Intelligence via Learning Implicit User Personas and Agentic Memorycited by 82
  14. 2026SKILL0: In-Context Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Skill Internalizationcited by 82
  15. 2026SkillClaw: Let Skills Evolve Collectively with Agentic Evolvercited by 76
  16. 2026MemoryArena: Benchmarking Agent Memory in Interdependent Multi-Session Agentic Taskscited by 72
  17. 2026Externalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineeringcited by 68
  18. 2025A-MemGuard: A Proactive Defense Framework for LLM-Based Agent Memorycited by 61
  19. 2025From Prompt Injections to Protocol Exploits: Threats in LLM-Powered AI Agents Workflowscited by 57
  20. 2025MemoryBench: A Benchmark for Memory and Continual Learning in LLM Systemscited by 56
  21. 2026EverMemOS: A Self-Organizing Memory Operating System for Structured Long-Horizon Reasoningcited by 52
  22. 2025Scaling LLM Multi-turn RL with End-to-end Summarization-based Context Managementcited by 51
  23. 2025HaluMem: Evaluating Hallucinations in Memory Systems of Agentscited by 51
  24. 2025Mem-α: Learning Memory Construction via Reinforcement Learningcited by 49
  25. 2026A Survey of Agentic Reasoning for Large Language Models: Towards Recursively Self-Improving and Collective Agentscited by 47
  26. 2026AMA-Bench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Memory for Agentic Applicationscited by 46
  27. 2025General Agentic Memory Via Deep Researchcited by 42
  28. 2026Meta Context Engineering via Agentic Skill Evolutioncited by 42
  29. 2026EvoScientist: Towards Multi-Agent Evolving AI Scientists for End-to-End Scientific Discoverycited by 41
  30. 2025Hindsight is 20/20: Building Agent Memory that Retains, Recalls, and Reflectscited by 40
  31. 2026A Survey of Agent Memory in the Second Half: Towards Self-Evolving and Long-Horizon Agentscited by 40
  32. 2026Code as Agent Harnesscited by 40
  33. 2025LEGOMem: Modular Procedural Memory for Multi-agent LLM Systems for Workflow Automationcited by 39
  34. 2025LiCoMemory: Lightweight and Cognitive Agentic Memory for Efficient Long-Term Reasoningcited by 37
  35. 2026Hierarchy-of-Groups Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon Agentic Taskscited by 37
  36. 2026MetaClaw: Just Talk -- An Agent That Meta-Learns and Evolves in the Wildcited by 35
  37. 2025CASCADE: Cumulative Agentic Skill Creation through Autonomous Development and Evolutioncited by 33
  38. 2026Dynamic Dual-Granularity Skill Bank for Agentic RLcited by 33

50 most cited of 722 All 722 (JSON)

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  1. 2026AgentMemBench: A Systematic Benchmark for Evaluating Long-Term Memory Management Strategies in Conversational AI Agents
  2. 2026CALMem : Application-Layer Dual Memory for Conversational AI ↗
  3. 2025SGMem: Sentence Graph Memory for Long-Term Conversational Agents
  4. 2025Memoria: A Scalable Agentic Memory Framework for Personalized Conversational AI
  5. 2026AdaMem: Adaptive User-Centric Memory for Long-Horizon Dialogue Agents
  6. 2026HiGMem: A Hierarchical and LLM-Guided Memory System for Long-Term Conversational Agents
  7. 2025Hierarchical Memory for High-Efficiency Long-Term Reasoning in LLM Agents
  8. 2025Evaluating Long-Term Memory for Long-Context Question Answering