mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

LLM Agents for Education: Advances and Applications

arXiv 2503.11733 ↗First posted 14 Mar 2025cs.CY cs.AI cs.CLcited by 59

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Educational agents and math problem solving

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are transforming education by automating complex pedagogical tasks and enhancing both teaching and learning processes. In this survey, we present a systematic review of recent advances in applying LLM agents to address key challenges in educational settings, such as feedback comment generation, curriculum design, etc. We analyze the technologies enabling these agents, including representative datasets, benchmarks, and algorithmic frameworks. Additionally, we highlight key challenges in deploying LLM agents in educational settings, including ethical issues, hallucination and overreliance, and integration with existing educational ecosystems. Beyond the core technical focus, we include in Appendix A a comprehensive overview of domain-specific educational agents, covering areas such as science learning, language learning, and professional development.

Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Educational agents and math problem solving, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 129 of its 256 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2025.

Builds on

129 of 256 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025From Correctness to Comprehension: AI Agents for Personalized Error Diagnosis in Education19 Feb
  2. 2025Training Turn-by-Turn Verifiers for Dialogue Tutoring Agents: The Curious Case of LLMs as Your Coding Tutors18 Feb
  3. 2025Classroom Simulacra: Building Contextual Student Generative Agents in Online Education for Learning Behavioral Simulation4 Feb
  4. 2024Using Generative AI and Multi-Agents to Provide Automatic Feedback11 Nov
  5. 2024TeachTune: Reviewing Pedagogical Agents Against Diverse Student Profiles with Simulated Students5 Oct
  6. 2024MACM: Utilizing a Multi-Agent System for Condition Mining in Solving Complex Mathematical Problems6 Apr
  7. 2024EduAgent: Generative Student Agents in Learning23 Mar
  8. 2023Teach AI How to Code: Using Large Language Models as Teachable Agents for Programming Education25 Sep
  9. 2023CGMI: Configurable General Multi-Agent Interaction Framework24 Aug
  10. 2023Math Agents: Computational Infrastructure, Mathematical Embedding, and Genomics4 Jul
  11. 2023MathChat: Converse to Tackle Challenging Math Problems with LLM Agents2 Jun

Other references · 118

  1. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,242
  2. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
  3. 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,988
  4. 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,947
  5. 2020What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Examscited by 1,356
  6. 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,195
  7. 2024The AI Scientist: Towards Fully Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discoverycited by 1,071
  8. 2024A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agentscited by 634
  9. 2023ChemCrow: Augmenting large-language models with chemistry toolscited by 631
  10. 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agentscited by 429
  11. 2025Agent Laboratory: Using LLM Agents as Research Assistantscited by 425
  12. 2024Understanding the planning of LLM agents: A surveycited by 421
38 more
  1. 2024Agentless: Demystifying LLM-based Software Engineering Agentscited by 421
  2. 2022PlanBench: An Extensible Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Planning and Reasoning about Changecited by 382
  3. 2023MLAgentBench: Evaluating Language Agents on Machine Learning Experimentationcited by 366
  4. 2024CodeAgent: Enhancing Code Generation with Tool-Integrated Agent Systems for Real-World Repo-level Coding Challengescited by 282
  5. 2023ToolQA: A Dataset for LLM Question Answering with External Toolscited by 274
  6. 2024RepairAgent: An Autonomous, LLM-Based Agent for Program Repaircited by 232
  7. 2024Magentic-One: A Generalist Multi-Agent System for Solving Complex Taskscited by 232
  8. 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agentscited by 212
  9. 2024SWE-bench Multimodal: Do AI Systems Generalize to Visual Software Domains?cited by 203
  10. 2023What can Large Language Models do in chemistry? A comprehensive benchmark on eight taskscited by 185
  11. 2024OmniMedVQA: A New Large-Scale Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Medical LVLMcited by 184
  12. 2024MapCoder: Multi-Agent Code Generation for Competitive Problem Solvingcited by 177
  13. 2024Agent AI: Surveying the Horizons of Multimodal Interactioncited by 170
  14. 2024Orca-Math: Unlocking the potential of SLMs in Grade School Mathcited by 151
  15. 2023PaperQA: Retrieval-Augmented Generative Agent for Scientific Researchcited by 149
  16. 2024Language agents achieve superhuman synthesis of scientific knowledgecited by 137
  17. 2023Walking Down the Memory Maze: Beyond Context Limit through Interactive Readingcited by 133
  18. 2024SWE-Search: Enhancing Software Agents with Monte Carlo Tree Search and Iterative Refinementcited by 132
  19. 2023MathDial: A Dialogue Tutoring Dataset with Rich Pedagogical Properties Grounded in Math Reasoning Problemscited by 131
  20. 2024The Emerged Security and Privacy of LLM Agent: A Survey with Case Studiescited by 131
  21. 2023Large Language Models in Law: A Surveycited by 128
  22. 2022StreamingQA: A Benchmark for Adaptation to New Knowledge over Time in Question Answering Modelscited by 126
  23. 2025MLGym: A New Framework and Benchmark for Advancing AI Research Agentscited by 124
  24. 2024Empowering Biomedical Discovery with AI Agentscited by 118
  25. 2023CMB: A Comprehensive Medical Benchmark in Chinesecited by 115
  26. 2024DISCOVERYWORLD: A Virtual Environment for Developing and Evaluating Automated Scientific Discovery Agentscited by 100
  27. 2024A Review of Large Language Models and Autonomous Agents in Chemistrycited by 99
  28. 2023Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Frameworkcited by 92
  29. 2024LLM and Simulation as Bilevel Optimizers: A New Paradigm to Advance Physical Scientific Discoverycited by 86
  30. 2024PsySafe: A Comprehensive Framework for Psychological-based Attack, Defense, and Evaluation of Multi-agent System Safetycited by 80
  31. 2023UrbanCLIP: Learning Text-enhanced Urban Region Profiling with Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining from the Webcited by 78
  32. 2024BLADE: Benchmarking Language Model Agents for Data-Driven Sciencecited by 77
  33. 2024MOOSE-Chem: Large Language Models for Rediscovering Unseen Chemistry Scientific Hypothesescited by 72
  34. 2023SpokenWOZ: A Large-Scale Speech-Text Benchmark for Spoken Task-Oriented Dialogue Agentscited by 71
  35. 2024SciAgent: Tool-augmented Language Models for Scientific Reasoningcited by 70
  36. 2024AutoKaggle: A Multi-Agent Framework for Autonomous Data Science Competitionscited by 70
  37. 2024SD-Eval: A Benchmark Dataset for Spoken Dialogue Understanding Beyond Wordscited by 68
  38. 2024Building Math Agents with Multi-Turn Iterative Preference Learningcited by 66

50 most cited of 118 All 118 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 35; 2026: 24.

59 papers.

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  1. 2025A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Modelscited by 126
  2. 2025A Comprehensive Survey in LLM(-Agent) Full Stack Safety: Data, Training and Deploymentcited by 116
  3. 2025TRAJECT-Bench:A Trajectory-Aware Benchmark for Evaluating Agentic Tool Usecited by 51
  4. 2025AGENTIF: Benchmarking Instruction Following of Large Language Models in Agentic Scenarioscited by 49
  5. 2025GuardReasoner-VL: Safeguarding VLMs via Reinforced Reasoningcited by 42
  6. 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMscited by 26
  7. 2025LLM-Powered AI Agent Systems and Their Applications in Industrycited by 22
  8. 2025Murakkab: Resource-Efficient Agentic Workflow Orchestration in Cloud Platformscited by 18
  9. 2025Position: The Real Barrier to LLM Agent Usability is Agentic ROIcited by 12
  10. 2025Shapley-Coop: Credit Assignment for Emergent Cooperation in Self-Interested LLM Agentscited by 12
  11. 2026PERSONA: Dynamic and Compositional Inference-Time Personality Control via Activation Vector Algebracited by 12
  12. 2025Beyond Static Responses: Multi-Agent LLM Systems as a New Paradigm for Social Science Researchcited by 10
38 more
  1. 2025Video-as-Answer: Predict and Generate Next Video Event with Joint-GRPOcited by 9
  2. 2025AgentDNS: A Root Domain Naming System for LLM Agentscited by 8
  3. 2025A Survey of Inductive Reasoning for Large Language Modelscited by 8
  4. 2026ATPO: Adaptive Tree Policy Optimization for Multi-Turn Medical Dialoguecited by 8
  5. 2025Uncovering Vulnerabilities of LLM-Assisted Cyber Threat Intelligencecited by 6
  6. 2025From EduVisBench to EduVisAgent: A Benchmark and Multi-Agent Framework for Reasoning-Driven Pedagogical Visualizationcited by 5
  7. 2025LeechHijack: Covert Computational Resource Exploitation in Intelligent Agent Systemscited by 5
  8. 2026Large Language Model Agent for User-friendly Chemical Process Simulationscited by 5
  9. 2025CodeEdu: A Multi-Agent Collaborative Platform for Personalized Coding Educationcited by 4
  10. 2025InteractScience: Programmatic and Visually-Grounded Evaluation of Interactive Scientific Demonstration Code Generationcited by 4
  11. 2025Efficiency vs. Alignment: Investigating Safety and Fairness Risks in Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of LLMscited by 4
  12. 2025TongSIM: A General Platform for Simulating Intelligent Machinescited by 4
  13. 2026OpenSage: Self-programming Agent Generation Enginecited by 4
  14. 2026Are Language Models Sensitive to Morally Irrelevant Distractors?cited by 3
  15. 2025Toward Personalizing Quantum Computing Education: An Evolutionary LLM-Powered Approachcited by 2
  16. 2025Human-in-the-Loop Systems for Adaptive Learning Using Generative AIcited by 2
  17. 2025Social Welfare Function Leaderboard: When LLM Agents Allocate Social Welfarecited by 2
  18. 2025Empowering Real-World: A Survey on the Technology, Practice, and Evaluation of LLM-driven Industry Agentscited by 2
  19. 2026DeepTutor: Towards Agentic Personalized Tutoringcited by 2
  20. 2026VikingMem: A Memory Base Management System for Stateful LLM-based Applicationscited by 2
  21. 2025Superstudent intelligence in thermodynamicscited by 1
  22. 2025Towards Inclusive NLP: Assessing Compressed Multilingual Transformers across Diverse Language Benchmarkscited by 1
  23. 2025Poison Once, Refuse Forever: Weaponizing Alignment for Injecting Bias in LLMscited by 1
  24. 2025Prioritize Economy or Climate Action? Investigating ChatGPT Response Differences Based on Inferred Political Orientationcited by 1
  25. 2025Enhancing Large Language Models for Automated Homework Assessment in Undergraduate Circuit Analysiscited by 1
  26. 2025SEAL: Self-Evolving Agentic Learning for Conversational Question Answering over Knowledge Graphscited by 1
  27. 2026Developing a Multi-Agent System to Generate Next Generation Science Assessments with Evidence-Centered Designcited by 1
  28. 2026How do AI agents talk about science and research? An exploration of scientific discussions on Moltbook using BERTopiccited by 1
  29. 2026DSIPA: Detecting LLM-Generated Texts via Sentiment-Invariant Patterns Divergence Analysiscited by 1
  30. 2026CyberJurors: A Multi-Agent Simulation Task for E-Commerce Disputes Verdictcited by 1
  31. 2026Positional versus Symbolic Attention Heads: Learning Dynamics, RoPE Geometry, and Length Generalizationcited by 1
  32. 2026Agentic Knowledge Tracing: A Multi-Agent LLM Architecture for Stealth Assessment of Financial Literacy in Serious Gamescited by 1
  33. 2026WaterMoE: Expert-Routing-based Watermarking for High Fidelity and Efficiencycited by 1
  34. 2025FedAgentBench: Towards Automating Real-world Federated Medical Image Analysis with Server-Client LLM Agentscited by 0
  35. 2025ExpertAgent: Enhancing Personalized Education through Dynamic Planning and Retrieval-Augmented Long-Chain Reasoningcited by 0
  36. 2025MazeMate: An LLM-Powered Chatbot to Support Computational Thinking in Gamified Programming Learningcited by 0
  37. 2025Decoding Student Minds: Leveraging Conversational Agents for Psychological and Learning Analysiscited by 0
  38. 2026Relation Reasoning with LLMs in Expensive Optimizationcited by 0

50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)

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  1. 2026A Scoping Review of Large Language Model-Based Pedagogical Agents
  2. 2025Simulating Students with Large Language Models: A Review of Architecture, Mechanisms, and Role Modelling in Education with Generative AI
  3. 2025EducationQ: Evaluating LLMs' Teaching Capabilities Through Multi-Agent Dialogue Framework
  4. 2024Simulating Classroom Education with LLM-Empowered Agents
  5. 2025A Theory of Adaptive Scaffolding for LLM-Based Pedagogical Agents
  6. 2025EduPlanner: LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems for Customized and Intelligent Instructional Design
  7. 2025Conversational Education at Scale: A Multi-LLM Agent Workflow for Procedural Learning and Pedagogic Quality Assessment
  8. 2025Dialogic Pedagogy for Large Language Models: Aligning Conversational AI with Proven Theories of Learning