mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Framework

arXiv 2310.02374 ↗First posted 3 Oct 2023cs.CLcited by 91

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Medical and scientific domain agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Conversational Health Agents (CHAs) are interactive systems that provide healthcare services, such as assistance and diagnosis. Current CHAs, especially those utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs), primarily focus on conversation aspects. However, they offer limited agent capabilities, specifically lacking multi-step problem-solving, personalized conversations, and multimodal data analysis. Our aim is to overcome these limitations. We propose openCHA, an open-source LLM-powered framework, to empower conversational agents to generate a personalized response for users' healthcare queries. This framework enables developers to integrate external sources including data sources, knowledge bases, and analysis models, into their LLM-based solutions. openCHA includes an orchestrator to plan and execute actions for gathering information from external sources, essential for formulating responses to user inquiries. It facilitates knowledge acquisition, problem-solving capabilities, multilingual and multimodal conversations, and fosters interaction with various AI platforms. We illustrate the framework's proficiency in handling complex healthcare tasks via two demonstrations and four use cases. Moreover, we release openCHA as open source available to the community via GitHub.

Key facts. Cited by 91 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and scientific domain agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 19 of its 96 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Oct 2023.

Builds on

19 of 96 references.

References · 19

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  2. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
  3. 2019BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text miningcited by 1,935
  4. 2020Domain-Specific Language Model Pretraining for Biomedical Natural Language Processingcited by 996
  5. 2023Plan-and-Solve Prompting: Improving Zero-Shot Chain-of-Thought Reasoning by Large Language Modelscited by 550
  6. 2022BioGPT: Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Biomedical Text Generation and Miningcited by 531
  7. 2023ChatDoctor: A Medical Chat Model Fine-Tuned on a Large Language Model Meta-AI (LLaMA) Using Medical Domain Knowledgecited by 324
  8. 2023Towards Generalist Biomedical AIcited by 286
  9. 2023MedAlpaca -- An Open-Source Collection of Medical Conversational AI Models and Training Datacited by 282
  10. 2022Optimizing Prompts for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 204
  11. 2022MRKL Systems: A modular, neuro-symbolic architecture that combines large language models, external knowledge sources and discrete reasoningcited by 153
  12. 2023Hallucinations in Large Multilingual Translation Modelscited by 126
7 more
  1. 2022Thinking about GPT-3 In-Context Learning for Biomedical IE? Think Againcited by 83
  2. 2023LLM-Rec: Personalized Recommendation via Prompting Large Language Modelscited by 77
  3. 2023ELIXR: Towards a general purpose X-ray artificial intelligence system through alignment of large language models and radiology vision encoderscited by 49
  4. 2023Multimodal LLMs for health grounded in individual-specific datacited by 48
  5. 2021GPT-3 Models are Poor Few-Shot Learners in the Biomedical Domaincited by 36
  6. 2023Foundation Metrics for Evaluating Effectiveness of Healthcare Conversations Powered by Generative AIcited by 32
  7. 2023ZotCare: A Flexible, Personalizable, and Affordable mHealth Service Providercited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 6; 2024: 35; 2025: 35; 2026: 15.

91 papers.

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  2. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model (LLM) Security and Privacy: The Good, the Bad, and the Uglycited by 380
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  4. 2024Personal LLM Agents: Insights and Survey about the Capability, Efficiency and Securitycited by 257
  5. 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agentscited by 206
  6. 2024AI Agents Under Threat: A Survey of Key Security Challenges and Future Pathwayscited by 122
  7. 2024GuardAgent: Safeguard LLM Agents by a Guard Agent via Knowledge-Enabled Reasoningcited by 113
  8. 2025Adaptive Attacks Break Defenses Against Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks on LLM Agentscited by 112
  9. 2025Unveiling Privacy Risks in LLM Agent Memorycited by 99
  10. 2024From Matching to Generation: A Survey on Generative Information Retrievalcited by 89
  11. 2025AGrail: A Lifelong Agent Guardrail with Effective and Adaptive Safety Detectioncited by 82
  12. 2024From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agentscited by 76
38 more
  1. 2024EHRAgent: Code Empowers Large Language Models for Few-shot Complex Tabular Reasoning on Electronic Health Recordscited by 75
  2. 2025Agentic AI for Scientific Discovery: A Survey of Progress, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 74
  3. 2025From AI for Science to Agentic Science: A Survey on Autonomous Scientific Discoverycited by 74
  4. 2024Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey on How to Make your LLMs use External Data More Wiselycited by 65
  5. 2025Remember Me, Refine Me: A Dynamic Procedural Memory Framework for Experience-Driven Agent Evolutioncited by 65
  6. 2024Large Language Models Empowered Personalized Web Agentscited by 64
  7. 2025Safety at Scale: A Comprehensive Survey of Large Model and Agent Safetycited by 63
  8. 2024Instructional Segment Embedding: Improving LLM Safety with Instruction Hierarchycited by 62
  9. 2025LLM Agents for Education: Advances and Applicationscited by 59
  10. 2025LLM-based Agents Suffer from Hallucinations: A Survey of Taxonomy, Methods, and Directionscited by 49
  11. 2026A Survey of Agentic Reasoning for Large Language Models: Towards Recursively Self-Improving and Collective Agentscited by 47
  12. 2024Personalized Large Language Modelscited by 44
  13. 2025ContextAgent: Context-Aware Proactive LLM Agents with Open-World Sensory Perceptionscited by 44
  14. 2025A Survey on Personalized Alignment -- The Missing Piece for Large Language Models in Real-World Applicationscited by 40
  15. 2024HealthQ: Unveiling Questioning Capabilities of LLM Chains in Healthcare Conversationscited by 31
  16. 2024ALCM: Autonomous LLM-Augmented Causal Discovery Frameworkcited by 29
  17. 2025A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agentcited by 26
  18. 2025Attractive Metadata Attack: Inducing LLM Agents to Invoke Malicious Toolscited by 23
  19. 2025How Far are LLMs from Being Our Digital Twins? A Benchmark for Persona-Based Behavior Chain Simulationcited by 21
  20. 2024ChatDiet: Empowering Personalized Nutrition-Oriented Food Recommender Chatbots through an LLM-Augmented Frameworkcited by 20
  21. 2024Prospect Personalized Recommendation on Large Language Model-based Agent Platformcited by 19
  22. 2025Evaluating Personalized Tool-Augmented LLMs from the Perspectives of Personalization and Proactivitycited by 17
  23. 2025On the Robustness of Agentic Function Callingcited by 17
  24. 2025RAS-Eval: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Security Evaluation of LLM Agents in Real-World Environmentscited by 17
  25. 2025Towards Enforcing Company Policy Adherence in Agentic Workflowscited by 17
  26. 2025A Personalized Conversational Benchmark: Towards Simulating Personalized Conversationscited by 16
  27. 2024SciEx: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Scientific Exams with Human Expert Grading and Automatic Gradingcited by 14
  28. 2025Think Twice Before You Act: Enhancing Agent Behavioral Safety with Thought Correctioncited by 14
  29. 2023Towards Responsible Generative AI: A Reference Architecture for Designing Foundation Model based Agentscited by 13
  30. 2025MEMTRACK: Evaluating Long-Term Memory and State Tracking in Multi-Platform Dynamic Agent Environmentscited by 13
  31. 2024Infant Agent: A Tool-Integrated, Logic-Driven Agent with Cost-Effective API Usagecited by 11
  32. 2025PersonaAgent: Bridging Memory and Action for Personalized LLM Agentscited by 11
  33. 2024CharacterGPT: A Persona Reconstruction Framework for Role-Playing Agentscited by 10
  34. 2025ProPerSim: Developing Proactive and Personalized AI Assistants through User-Assistant Simulationcited by 10
  35. 2023RoleCraft-GLM: Advancing Personalized Role-Playing in Large Language Modelscited by 9
  36. 2024Knowledge-Infused LLM-Powered Conversational Health Agent: A Case Study for Diabetes Patientscited by 9
  37. 2026From LLMs to LRMs: Rethinking Pruning for Reasoning-Centric Modelscited by 9
  38. 2023Large Language Models Illuminate a Progressive Pathway to Artificial Healthcare Assistant: A Reviewcited by 8

50 most cited of 91 All 91 (JSON)

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  3. 2025A Survey of LLM-based Agents in Medicine: How far are we from Baymax?
  4. 2025HealthDial: A No-Code LLM-Assisted Dialogue Authoring Tool for Healthcare Virtual Agents
  5. 2026ClinQueryAgent: A Conversational Agent for Population Health Management
  6. 2023DERA: Enhancing Large Language Model Completions with Dialog-Enabled Resolving Agents
  7. 2025OpenAIs HealthBench in Action: Evaluating an LLM-Based Medical Assistant on Realistic Clinical Queries
  8. 2026A Multi-Agent LLM Framework for Personalized Health Checkup Interpretation and Guidance