mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Semantic Gesticulator: Semantics-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis

arXiv 2405.09814 ↗First posted 16 May 2024cs.GR cs.CV cs.SDcited by 40

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this work, we present Semantic Gesticulator, a novel framework designed to synthesize realistic gestures accompanying speech with strong semantic correspondence. Semantically meaningful gestures are crucial for effective non-verbal communication, but such gestures often fall within the long tail of the distribution of natural human motion. The sparsity of these movements makes it challenging for deep learning-based systems, trained on moderately sized datasets, to capture the relationship between the movements and the corresponding speech semantics. To address this challenge, we develop a generative retrieval framework based on a large language model. This framework efficiently retrieves suitable semantic gesture candidates from a motion library in response to the input speech. To construct this motion library, we summarize a comprehensive list of commonly used semantic gestures based on findings in linguistics, and we collect a high-quality motion dataset encompassing both body and hand movements. We also design a novel GPT-based model with strong generalization capabilities to audio, capable of generating high-quality gestures that match the rhythm of speech. Furthermore, we propose a semantic alignment mechanism to efficiently align the retrieved semantic gestures with the GPT's output, ensuring the naturalness of the final animation. Our system demonstrates robustness in generating gestures that are rhythmically coherent and semantically explicit, as evidenced by a comprehensive collection of examples. User studies confirm the quality and human-likeness of our results, and show that our system outperforms state-of-the-art systems in terms of semantic appropriateness by a clear margin.

Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 May 2024.

Builds on

19 of 32 references.

References · 19

  1. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,599
  2. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  3. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,724
  4. 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,242
  5. 2020Speech Gesture Generation from the Trimodal Context of Text, Audio, and Speaker Identitycited by 202
  6. 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 190
  7. 2023GestureDiffuCLIP: Gesture Diffusion Model with CLIP Latentscited by 158
  8. 2021Learning Speech-driven 3D Conversational Gestures from Videocited by 98
  9. 2023DiffuseStyleGesture: Stylized Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 85
  10. 2020Gesticulator: A framework for semantically-aware speech-driven gesture generationcited by 84
  11. 2022ZeroEGGS: Zero-shot Example-based Gesture Generation from Speechcited by 84
  12. 2021Speech2AffectiveGestures: Synthesizing Co-Speech Gestures with Generative Adversarial Affective Expression Learningcited by 58
7 more
  1. 2022The GENEA Challenge 2022: A large evaluation of data-driven co-speech gesture generationcited by 40
  2. 2022Rhythmic Gesticulator: Rhythm-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis with Hierarchical Neural Embeddingscited by 38
  3. 2022CorpusBrain: Pre-train a Generative Retrieval Model for Knowledge-Intensive Language Taskscited by 36
  4. 2023Diffusion-Based Co-Speech Gesture Generation Using Joint Text and Audio Representationcited by 28
  5. 2023Large Language Models are Built-in Autoregressive Search Enginescited by 27
  6. 2023BodyFormer: Semantics-guided 3D Body Gesture Synthesis with Transformercited by 21
  7. 2021Speech2Properties2Gestures: Gesture-Property Prediction as a Tool for Generating Representational Gestures from Speechcited by 12

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 15; 2026: 20.

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  1. 2025GestureLSM: Latent Shortcut based Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Spatial-Temporal Modelingcited by 44
  2. 2024Retrieving Semantics from the Deep: an RAG Solution for Gesture Synthesiscited by 26
  3. 2024Pay Attention and Move Better: Harnessing Attention for Interactive Motion Generation and Training-free Editingcited by 18
  4. 2025SemGes: Semantics-aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation using Semantic Coherence and Relevance Learningcited by 17
  5. 2025MOSPA: Human Motion Generation Driven by Spatial Audiocited by 12
  6. 2025Motion-example-controlled Co-speech Gesture Generation Leveraging Large Language Modelscited by 11
  7. 2025Co3Gesture: Towards Coherent Concurrent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation with Interactive Diffusioncited by 9
  8. 2026MIBURI: Towards Expressive Interactive Gesture Synthesiscited by 9
  9. 2025Intentional Gesture: Deliver Your Intentions with Gestures for Speechcited by 8
  10. 2025Social Agent: Mastering Dyadic Nonverbal Behavior Generation via Conversational LLM Agentscited by 8
  11. 2025GestureHYDRA: Semantic Co-speech Gesture Synthesis via Hybrid Modality Diffusion Transformer and Cascaded-Synchronized Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 7
  12. 2026PersonaGesture: Single-Reference Co-Speech Gesture Personalization for Unseen Speakerscited by 7
28 more
  1. 2024LLM Gesticulator: Leveraging Large Language Models for Scalable and Controllable Co-Speech Gesture Synthesiscited by 5
  2. 2024Stereo-Talker: Audio-driven 3D Human Synthesis with Prior-Guided Mixture-of-Expertscited by 4
  3. 2026SemConFlow: Semantic Grounding of Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Contrastive Flow-Matchingcited by 4
  4. 2026SentiAvatar: Towards Expressive and Interactive Digital Humanscited by 4
  5. 2024Towards a GENEA Leaderboard -- an Extended, Living Benchmark for Evaluating and Advancing Conversational Motion Synthesiscited by 3
  6. 2026ProAct: Harnessing Streaming Motion Generation and Agentic Reasoning for Real-Time Embodied Social Interactioncited by 3
  7. 2026RoboGesture: Real-Time Semantic-aligned Co-Speech Gestures Generation for Humanoid Interactioncited by 3
  8. 2025ExGes: Expressive Human Motion Retrieval and Modulation for Audio-Driven Gesture Synthesiscited by 2
  9. 2025InterAct: A Large-Scale Dataset of Dynamic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two People in Daily Scenarioscited by 2
  10. 2026SARAH: Spatially Aware Real-time Agentic Humanscited by 2
  11. 2026U-Mind: A Unified Framework for Real-Time Multimodal Interaction with Audiovisual Generationcited by 2
  12. 2026EchoAvatar: Real-time Generative Avatar Animation from Audio Streamscited by 2
  13. 2025Biomechanics-Guided Residual Approach to Generalizable Human Motion Generation and Estimationcited by 1
  14. 2025SARGes: Semantically Aligned Reliable Gesture Generation via Intent Chaincited by 1
  15. 2025Towards Reliable Human Evaluations in Gesture Generation: Insights from a Community-Driven State-of-the-Art Benchmarkcited by 1
  16. 2026PersonaGest: Personalized Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Semantic-Guided Hierarchical Motion Representationcited by 1
  17. 2026UMo: Unified Sparse Motion Modeling for Real-Time Co-Speech Avatarscited by 1
  18. 2026DuoGesture: Motion-Grounded Semantic Conditioning and Biomechanical Beat Priors for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 1
  19. 2026Semantic Motion Anchors: Bridging Motion and Meaning in Co-Speech Gesturescited by 1
  20. 2026MoSAT: Human Motion Generation from Spatial Audio and Textual Descriptioncited by 1
  21. 2025ReCoM: Realistic Co-Speech Motion Generation with Recurrent Embedded Transformercited by 0
  22. 2025Semantics-Aware Human Motion Generation from Audio Instructionscited by 0
  23. 2026SiGnature: Explicit Motion Diffusion for Stylized Semantic Gesturecited by 0
  24. 2026StreamTalk: Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Key-Pose Anchoringcited by 0
  25. 2026Super Star: Towards Streaming Real-time Interactive Agents for Digital Humanscited by 0
  26. 2026InteractGesture: Progressive Chunk Guidance for Continuous Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Controlcited by 0
  27. 2026When Semantics Matter: Reliability-Aware Semantic-Rhythm Control for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 0
  28. 2026Do Motion Tokenizers for Co-Speech Gesture Generation Encode Gesture Semantics?cited by 0