LOCATE: Localize and Transfer Object Parts for Weakly Supervised Affordance Grounding
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Abstract (arXiv)
Humans excel at acquiring knowledge through observation. For example, we can learn to use new tools by watching demonstrations. This skill is fundamental for intelligent systems to interact with the world. A key step to acquire this skill is to identify what part of the object affords each action, which is called affordance grounding. In this paper, we address this problem and propose a framework called LOCATE that can identify matching object parts across images, to transfer knowledge from images where an object is being used (exocentric images used for learning), to images where the object is inactive (egocentric ones used to test). To this end, we first find interaction areas and extract their feature embeddings. Then we learn to aggregate the embeddings into compact prototypes (human, object part, and background), and select the one representing the object part. Finally, we use the selected prototype to guide affordance grounding. We do this in a weakly supervised manner, learning only from image-level affordance and object labels. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a large margin on both seen and unseen objects.
Key facts. Cited by 64 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2023.
Builds on
39 of 53 references.
References · 39
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27 more
- 2018Adversarial Complementary Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Localizationcited by 166
- 2022Self-Supervised Transformers for Unsupervised Object Discovery using Normalized Cutcited by 166
- 2022Deep Spectral Methods: A Surprisingly Strong Baseline for Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation and Localizationcited by 150
- 2018Grounded Human-Object Interaction Hotspots from Videocited by 128
- 2018Charades-Ego: A Large-Scale Dataset of Paired Third and First Person Videoscited by 127
- 2021Railroad is not a Train: Saliency as Pseudo-pixel Supervision for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 127
- 2017AffordanceNet: An End-to-End Deep Learning Approach for Object Affordance Detectioncited by 126
- 2021TS-CAM: Token Semantic Coupled Attention Map for Weakly Supervised Object Localizationcited by 122
- 2022Joint Hand Motion and Interaction Hotspots Prediction from Egocentric Videoscited by 110
- 2021Ego-Exo: Transferring Visual Representations from Third-person to First-person Videoscited by 98
- 2022Self-supervised Image-specific Prototype Exploration for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 87
- 2022Learning Affordance Grounding from Exocentric Imagescited by 82
- 2022Class Re-Activation Maps for Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 75
- 2017Learning to Act Properly: Predicting and Explaining Affordances from Imagescited by 74
- 2022Cross Language Image Matching for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 72
- 2022Regional Semantic Contrast and Aggregation for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 64
- 2022Discovering Object Masks with Transformers for Unsupervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 54
- 2021Unveiling the Potential of Structure Preserving for Weakly Supervised Object Localizationcited by 46
- 2022One-Shot Transfer of Affordance Regions? AffCorrs!cited by 31
- 2020Affordances in Robotic Tasks -- A Surveycited by 28
- 2021Learning Visual Affordance Grounding from Demonstration Videoscited by 25
- 2022Bridging the Gap between Classification and Localization for Weakly Supervised Object Localizationcited by 25
- 2019Learning Grasp Affordance Reasoning through Semantic Relationscited by 22
- 2022CREAM: Weakly Supervised Object Localization via Class RE-Activation Mappingcited by 21
- 2022Grounded Affordance from Exocentric Viewcited by 21
- 2018Visual Affordance and Function Understanding: A Surveycited by 20
- 2017Adaptive Binarization for Weakly Supervised Affordance Segmentationcited by 16
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 18; 2025: 28; 2026: 14.
64 papers.
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- 2023Language Embedded Radiance Fields for Zero-Shot Task-Oriented Graspingcited by 91
- 2024AffordanceLLM: Grounding Affordance from Vision Language Modelscited by 55
- 2023One-Shot Open Affordance Learning with Foundation Modelscited by 45
- 2024Learning Manipulation by Predicting Interactioncited by 36
- 2024Learning Precise Affordances from Egocentric Videos for Robotic Manipulationcited by 34
- 2023Understanding 3D Object Interaction from a Single Imagecited by 33
- 2024Beyond the Contact: Discovering Comprehensive Affordance for 3D Objects from Pre-trained 2D Diffusion Modelscited by 32
- 20253D-AffordanceLLM: Harnessing Large Language Models for Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Worldscited by 29
- 2024GREAT: Geometry-Intention Collaborative Inference for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Affordance Groundingcited by 26
- 2025UAD: Unsupervised Affordance Distillation for Generalization in Robotic Manipulationcited by 23
- 2026PALM: Progress-Aware Policy Learning via Affordance Reasoning for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulationcited by 20
- 2023Synchronization is All You Need: Exocentric-to-Egocentric Transfer for Temporal Action Segmentation with Unlabeled Synchronized Video Pairscited by 17
38 more
- 2024GEAL: Generalizable 3D Affordance Learning with Cross-Modal Consistencycited by 17
- 2024WorldAfford: Affordance Grounding based on Natural Language Instructionscited by 14
- 2024AFF-ttention! Affordances and Attention models for Short-Term Object Interaction Anticipationcited by 14
- 2024INTRA: Interaction Relationship-aware Weakly Supervised Affordance Groundingcited by 12
- 2025Generating 6DoF Object Manipulation Trajectories from Action Description in Egocentric Visioncited by 11
- 2025RAGNet: Large-scale Reasoning-based Affordance Segmentation Benchmark towards General Graspingcited by 11
- 2025How Do I Do That? Synthesizing 3D Hand Motion and Contacts for Everyday Interactionscited by 10
- 2025Mask2IV: Interaction-Centric Video Generation via Mask Trajectoriescited by 10
- 2025Deforming Videos to Masks: Flow Matching for Referring Video Segmentationcited by 10
- 2024Text-driven Affordance Learning from Egocentric Visioncited by 9
- 2024What does CLIP know about peeling a banana?cited by 9
- 20252HandedAfforder: Learning Precise Actionable Bimanual Affordances from Human Videoscited by 9
- 2025Weakly-Supervised Affordance Grounding Guided by Part-Level Semantic Priorscited by 9
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: A Survey on Cross-view Collaborative Intelligence with Egocentric-Exocentric Visioncited by 8
- 2025O-MaMa: Learning Object Mask Matching between Egocentric and Exocentric Viewscited by 7
- 2024Egocentric and Exocentric Methods: A Short Surveycited by 6
- 2025AffordanceSAM: Segment Anything Once More in Affordance Groundingcited by 6
- 2025Affogato: Open-Vocabulary Affordance Grounding with Automated Data Generation at Scalecited by 6
- 2025Selective Contrastive Learning for Weakly Supervised Affordance Groundingcited by 6
- 2026AffordVLA: Injecting Affordance Representations into Vision-Language-Action Models via Implicit Feature Alignmentcited by 5
- 2024Self-Explainable Affordance Learning with Embodied Captioncited by 4
- 2024PAVLM: Advancing Point Cloud based Affordance Understanding Via Vision-Language Modelcited by 4
- 2025DAViD: Modeling Dynamic Affordance of 3D Objects Using Pre-trained Video Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2025Multi-Keypoint Affordance Representation for Functional Dexterous Graspingcited by 4
- 2025AnchorDP3: 3D Affordance Guided Sparse Diffusion Policy for Robotic Manipulationcited by 4
- 2025Closed-Loop Transfer for Weakly-supervised Affordance Groundingcited by 4
- 2025One-Shot Affordance Grounding of Deformable Objects in Egocentric Organizing Scenescited by 3
- 2025Resource-Efficient Affordance Grounding with Complementary Depth and Semantic Promptscited by 3
- 2025Afford-X: Generalizable and Slim Affordance Reasoning for Task-oriented Manipulationcited by 3
- 2025O3Afford: One-Shot 3D Object-to-Object Affordance Grounding for Generalizable Robotic Manipulationcited by 3
- 2024Visual-Geometric Collaborative Guidance for Affordance Learningcited by 2
- 2025HERO-VQL: Hierarchical, Egocentric and Robust Visual Query Localizationcited by 2
- 2025Weakly-Supervised Learning of Dense Functional Correspondencescited by 2
- 2026VideoAfford: Grounding 3D Affordance from Human-Object-Interaction Videos via Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 2
- 2024Enabling robots to follow abstract instructions and complete complex dynamic taskscited by 1
- 2024Affordance Labeling and Exploration: A Manifold-Based Approachcited by 1
- 2025Visual Affordance Prediction: Survey and Reproducibilitycited by 1
- 2025H2OFlow: Grounding Human-Object Affordances with 3D Generative Models and Dense Diffused Flowscited by 1
50 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
- 2026Zero-shot 2D Grounding with Novel Affordance Types9 Aug 2026
- 2026VLAff: Vision-Language-Affordance Model for Unified Actionable Affordances5 Aug 2026
- 2026Token-Based Affordance Grounding with Large Vision-Language Models3 Jul 2026
- 2026GROW2: Grounding Which and Where for Robot Tool Use29 Jun 2026
- 2026What Objects Enable, Not What They Are: Functional Latent Spaces for Affordance Reasoning4 Jun 2026
- 2026AFUN: Towards an Affordance Foundation Model for Functionality Understanding1 Jun 2026
- 2026AffordVLA: Injecting Affordance Representations into Vision-Language-Action Models via Implicit Feature Alignment17 May 2026
- 2026BLaDA: Bridging Language to Functional Dexterous Actions within 3DGS Fields9 Apr 2026
- 2026CompassAD: Intent-Driven 3D Affordance Grounding in Functionally Competing Objects2 Apr 2026
- 2026Panoramic Affordance Prediction16 Mar 2026
- 2026Probing and Bridging Geometry-Interaction Cues for Affordance Reasoning in Vision Foundation Models24 Feb 2026
- 2026Integrating Affordances and Attention models for Short-Term Object Interaction Anticipation16 Feb 2026
38 more
- 2026VideoAfford: Grounding 3D Affordance from Human-Object-Interaction Videos via Multimodal Large Language Model10 Feb 2026
- 2026PALM: Progress-Aware Policy Learning via Affordance Reasoning for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation11 Jan 2026
- 2025YOLOA: Real-Time Affordance Detection via LLM Adapter3 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning Visual Affordance from Audio1 Dec 2025
- 2025Closed-Loop Transfer for Weakly-supervised Affordance Grounding20 Oct 2025
- 2025H2OFlow: Grounding Human-Object Affordances with 3D Generative Models and Dense Diffused Flows17 Oct 2025
- 2025Deforming Videos to Masks: Flow Matching for Referring Video Segmentation7 Oct 2025
- 2025Mask2IV: Interaction-Centric Video Generation via Mask Trajectories3 Oct 2025
- 2025O3Afford: One-Shot 3D Object-to-Object Affordance Grounding for Generalizable Robotic Manipulation7 Sep 2025
- 2025Weakly-Supervised Learning of Dense Functional Correspondences4 Sep 2025
- 2025HERO-VQL: Hierarchical, Egocentric and Robust Visual Query Localization30 Aug 2025
- 2025Selective Contrastive Learning for Weakly Supervised Affordance Grounding11 Aug 2025
- 2025RAGNet: Large-scale Reasoning-based Affordance Segmentation Benchmark towards General Grasping31 Jul 2025
- 2025AnchorDP3: 3D Affordance Guided Sparse Diffusion Policy for Robotic Manipulation24 Jun 2025
- 2025Affogato: Open-Vocabulary Affordance Grounding with Automated Data Generation at Scale13 Jun 2025
- 2025UAD: Unsupervised Affordance Distillation for Generalization in Robotic Manipulation10 Jun 2025
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: A Survey on Cross-view Collaborative Intelligence with Egocentric-Exocentric Vision6 Jun 2025
- 2025O-MaMa: Learning Object Mask Matching between Egocentric and Exocentric Views6 Jun 2025
- 2025Generating 6DoF Object Manipulation Trajectories from Action Description in Egocentric Vision4 Jun 2025
- 2025Weakly-Supervised Affordance Grounding Guided by Part-Level Semantic Priors30 May 2025
- 2025Visual Affordance Prediction: Survey and Reproducibility8 May 2025
- 2025AffordanceSAM: Segment Anything Once More in Affordance Grounding22 Apr 2025
- 2025How Do I Do That? Synthesizing 3D Hand Motion and Contacts for Everyday Interactions16 Apr 2025
- 20252HandedAfforder: Learning Precise Actionable Bimanual Affordances from Human Videos12 Mar 2025
- 2025Afford-X: Generalizable and Slim Affordance Reasoning for Task-oriented Manipulation5 Mar 2025
- 2025Resource-Efficient Affordance Grounding with Complementary Depth and Semantic Prompts4 Mar 2025
- 2025One-Shot Affordance Grounding of Deformable Objects in Egocentric Organizing Scenes3 Mar 2025
- 20253D-AffordanceLLM: Harnessing Large Language Models for Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Worlds27 Feb 2025
- 2025Multi-Keypoint Affordance Representation for Functional Dexterous Grasping27 Feb 2025
- 2025DAViD: Modeling Dynamic Affordance of 3D Objects Using Pre-trained Video Diffusion Models14 Jan 2025
- 2024GEAL: Generalizable 3D Affordance Learning with Cross-Modal Consistency12 Dec 2024
- 2024GREAT: Geometry-Intention Collaborative Inference for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Affordance Grounding29 Nov 2024
- 2024Leverage Task Context for Object Affordance Ranking25 Nov 2024
- 2024Egocentric and Exocentric Methods: A Short Survey27 Oct 2024
- 2024PAVLM: Advancing Point Cloud based Affordance Understanding Via Vision-Language Model15 Oct 2024
- 2024Visual-Geometric Collaborative Guidance for Affordance Learning15 Oct 2024
- 2024INTRA: Interaction Relationship-aware Weakly Supervised Affordance Grounding10 Sep 2024
- 2024Learning Precise Affordances from Egocentric Videos for Robotic Manipulation19 Aug 2024
50 newest of 64 All 64 (JSON)
- 2024AffordanceLLM: Grounding Affordance from Vision Language Modelscited by 55
- 2024PAVLM: Advancing Point Cloud based Affordance Understanding Via Vision-Language Modelcited by 4
- 2025Weakly-Supervised Learning of Dense Functional Correspondencescited by 2
- 2026VideoAfford: Grounding 3D Affordance from Human-Object-Interaction Videos via Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 2
- 2026Token-Based Affordance Grounding with Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Token-Based Affordance Grounding with Large Vision-Language Models3 Jul 2026
- 2026VideoAfford: Grounding 3D Affordance from Human-Object-Interaction Videos via Multimodal Large Language Model10 Feb 2026
- 2025Weakly-Supervised Learning of Dense Functional Correspondences4 Sep 2025
- 2024PAVLM: Advancing Point Cloud based Affordance Understanding Via Vision-Language Model15 Oct 2024
- 2024AffordanceLLM: Grounding Affordance from Vision Language Models12 Jan 2024
- 2024Beyond the Contact: Discovering Comprehensive Affordance for 3D Objects from Pre-trained 2D Diffusion Modelscited by 32
- 2025Deforming Videos to Masks: Flow Matching for Referring Video Segmentationcited by 10
- 2025DAViD: Modeling Dynamic Affordance of 3D Objects Using Pre-trained Video Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2025AnchorDP3: 3D Affordance Guided Sparse Diffusion Policy for Robotic Manipulationcited by 4
- 2025Deforming Videos to Masks: Flow Matching for Referring Video Segmentation7 Oct 2025
- 2025AnchorDP3: 3D Affordance Guided Sparse Diffusion Policy for Robotic Manipulation24 Jun 2025
- 2025DAViD: Modeling Dynamic Affordance of 3D Objects Using Pre-trained Video Diffusion Models14 Jan 2025
- 2024Beyond the Contact: Discovering Comprehensive Affordance for 3D Objects from Pre-trained 2D Diffusion Models23 Jan 2024
- 2026GROW2: Grounding Which and Where for Robot Tool Usecited by 0
- 2026GROW2: Grounding Which and Where for Robot Tool Use29 Jun 2026
- 2023Language Embedded Radiance Fields for Zero-Shot Task-Oriented Graspingcited by 91
- 2023One-Shot Open Affordance Learning with Foundation Modelscited by 45
- 2024Learning Manipulation by Predicting Interactioncited by 36
- 2024Learning Precise Affordances from Egocentric Videos for Robotic Manipulationcited by 34
- 2023Understanding 3D Object Interaction from a Single Imagecited by 33
- 20253D-AffordanceLLM: Harnessing Large Language Models for Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Worldscited by 29
- 2024GREAT: Geometry-Intention Collaborative Inference for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Affordance Groundingcited by 26
- 2025UAD: Unsupervised Affordance Distillation for Generalization in Robotic Manipulationcited by 23
- 2023Synchronization is All You Need: Exocentric-to-Egocentric Transfer for Temporal Action Segmentation with Unlabeled Synchronized Video Pairscited by 17
- 2024GEAL: Generalizable 3D Affordance Learning with Cross-Modal Consistencycited by 17
- 2024WorldAfford: Affordance Grounding based on Natural Language Instructionscited by 14
- 2024AFF-ttention! Affordances and Attention models for Short-Term Object Interaction Anticipationcited by 14
12 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2026Zero-shot 2D Grounding with Novel Affordance Types9 Aug 2026
- 2026VLAff: Vision-Language-Affordance Model for Unified Actionable Affordances5 Aug 2026
- 2026What Objects Enable, Not What They Are: Functional Latent Spaces for Affordance Reasoning4 Jun 2026
- 2026AFUN: Towards an Affordance Foundation Model for Functionality Understanding1 Jun 2026
- 2026BLaDA: Bridging Language to Functional Dexterous Actions within 3DGS Fields9 Apr 2026
- 2026CompassAD: Intent-Driven 3D Affordance Grounding in Functionally Competing Objects2 Apr 2026
- 2026Panoramic Affordance Prediction16 Mar 2026
- 2026Probing and Bridging Geometry-Interaction Cues for Affordance Reasoning in Vision Foundation Models24 Feb 2026
- 2026Integrating Affordances and Attention models for Short-Term Object Interaction Anticipation16 Feb 2026
- 2025YOLOA: Real-Time Affordance Detection via LLM Adapter3 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning Visual Affordance from Audio1 Dec 2025
- 2025Closed-Loop Transfer for Weakly-supervised Affordance Grounding20 Oct 2025
12 newest of 51 All 51 (JSON)