mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FocalClick: Towards Practical Interactive Image Segmentation

arXiv 2204.02574 ↗First posted 6 Apr 2022cs.CVcited by 101

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Interactive segmentation allows users to extract target masks by making positive/negative clicks. Although explored by many previous works, there is still a gap between academic approaches and industrial needs: first, existing models are not efficient enough to work on low power devices; second, they perform poorly when used to refine preexisting masks as they could not avoid destroying the correct part. FocalClick solves both issues at once by predicting and updating the mask in localized areas. For higher efficiency, we decompose the slow prediction on the entire image into two fast inferences on small crops: a coarse segmentation on the Target Crop, and a local refinement on the Focus Crop. To make the model work with preexisting masks, we formulate a sub-task termed Interactive Mask Correction, and propose Progressive Merge as the solution. Progressive Merge exploits morphological information to decide where to preserve and where to update, enabling users to refine any preexisting mask effectively. FocalClick achieves competitive results against SOTA methods with significantly smaller FLOPs. It also shows significant superiority when making corrections on preexisting masks. Code and data will be released at github.com/XavierCHEN34/ClickSEG

Key facts. Cited by 101 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Apr 2022.

Builds on

24 of 48 references.

References · 24

  1. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  2. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  3. 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,415
  4. 2014Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4,845
  5. 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,827
  6. 2016DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFscited by 3,239
  7. 2021SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 2,923
  8. 2016Pyramid Scene Parsing Networkcited by 2,472
  9. 2016Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutionscited by 2,320
  10. 2019Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Visual Recognitioncited by 1,417
  11. 2018Unified Perceptual Parsing for Scene Understandingcited by 1,265
  12. 2019LVIS: A Dataset for Large Vocabulary Instance Segmentationcited by 1,215
12 more
  1. 2019Segmentation Transformer: Object-Contextual Representations for Semantic Segmentationcited by 573
  2. 2018YouTube-VOS: A Large-Scale Video Object Segmentation Benchmarkcited by 381
  3. 2017Large Kernel Matters -- Improve Semantic Segmentation by Global Convolutional Networkcited by 208
  4. 2021Reviving Iterative Training with Mask Guidance for Interactive Segmentationcited by 162
  5. 2016Deep Interactive Object Selectioncited by 160
  6. 2017Deep Image Mattingcited by 150
  7. 2019DoveNet: Deep Image Harmonization via Domain Verificationcited by 134
  8. 2015Salient Object Detection: A Benchmarkcited by 130
  9. 2020f-BRS: Rethinking Backpropagating Refinement for Interactive Segmentationcited by 117
  10. 2018Iteratively Trained Interactive Segmentationcited by 52
  11. 2021EdgeFlow: Achieving Practical Interactive Segmentation with Edge-Guided Flowcited by 40
  12. 2020Getting to 99% Accuracy in Interactive Segmentationcited by 19

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 37; 2024: 36; 2025: 18; 2026: 8.

101 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
  2. 2023Segment Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 546
  3. 2023AnyDoor: Zero-shot Object-level Image Customizationcited by 411
  4. 2023Segment Anything Model for Medical Image Analysis: an Experimental Studycited by 291
  5. 2023Set-of-Mark Prompting Unleashes Extraordinary Visual Grounding in GPT-4Vcited by 291
  6. 2023Semantic-SAM: Segment and Recognize Anything at Any Granularitycited by 185
  7. 2023Segment Any 3D Gaussianscited by 158
  8. 2022SimpleClick: Interactive Image Segmentation with Simple Vision Transformerscited by 109
  9. 2023OmniSeg3D: Omniversal 3D Segmentation via Hierarchical Contrastive Learningcited by 75
  10. 2024VISTA3D: A Unified Segmentation Foundation Model For 3D Medical Imagingcited by 62
  11. 2023Segment Anything in 3D with Radiance Fieldscited by 61
  12. 2022PseudoClick: Interactive Image Segmentation with Click Imitationcited by 42
38 more
  1. 2023VDD: Varied Drone Dataset for Semantic Segmentationcited by 39
  2. 2023AGILE3D: Attention Guided Interactive Multi-object 3D Segmentationcited by 33
  3. 2025SegAgent: Exploring Pixel Understanding Capabilities in MLLMs by Imitating Human Annotator Trajectoriescited by 29
  4. 2023Interactive Segment Anything NeRF with Feature Imitationcited by 24
  5. 2024Rethinking Interactive Image Segmentation with Low Latency, High Quality, and Diverse Promptscited by 22
  6. 2023InterFormer: Real-time Interactive Image Segmentationcited by 20
  7. 2025SAMRefiner: Taming Segment Anything Model for Universal Mask Refinementcited by 19
  8. 2023CFR-ICL: Cascade-Forward Refinement with Iterative Click Loss for Interactive Image Segmentationcited by 17
  9. 2023Focused and Collaborative Feedback Integration for Interactive Image Segmentationcited by 17
  10. 2023Defect Spectrum: A Granular Look of Large-Scale Defect Datasets with Rich Semanticscited by 16
  11. 2023Interactive Segmentation as Gaussian Process Classificationcited by 14
  12. 2023DynaMITe: Dynamic Query Bootstrapping for Multi-object Interactive Segmentation Transformercited by 14
  13. 2024GraCo: Granularity-Controllable Interactive Segmentationcited by 13
  14. 2023Neural Interactive Keypoint Detectioncited by 12
  15. 2023AdaptiveClick: Clicks-aware Transformer with Adaptive Focal Loss for Interactive Image Segmentationcited by 11
  16. 2023Learning to Generate Semantic Layouts for Higher Text-Image Correspondence in Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 11
  17. 2023ScribbleSeg: Scribble-based Interactive Image Segmentationcited by 10
  18. 2024Towards a Comprehensive, Efficient and Promptable Anatomic Structure Segmentation Model using 3D Whole-body CT Scanscited by 10
  19. 2023Multi-granularity Interaction Simulation for Unsupervised Interactive Segmentationcited by 9
  20. 2024Adapting the Segment Anything Model During Usage in Novel Situationscited by 9
  21. 2024Repurposing Stable Diffusion Attention for Training-Free Unsupervised Interactive Segmentationcited by 9
  22. 2025Recent Advances in Medical Imaging Segmentation: A Surveycited by 8
  23. 2023How to Efficiently Annotate Images for Best-Performing Deep Learning Based Segmentation Models: An Empirical Study with Weak and Noisy Annotations and Segment Anything Modelcited by 7
  24. 2024LiVOS: Light Video Object Segmentation with Gated Linear Matchingcited by 7
  25. 2024Unsegment Anything by Simulating Deformationcited by 6
  26. 2024Referring Human Pose and Mask Estimation in the Wildcited by 6
  27. 2023SimpSON: Simplifying Photo Cleanup with Single-Click Distracting Object Segmentation Networkcited by 5
  28. 2024RMP-SAM: Towards Real-Time Multi-Purpose Segment Anythingcited by 5
  29. 2024Point-VOS: Pointing Up Video Object Segmentationcited by 5
  30. 2024What is Point Supervision Worth in Video Instance Segmentation?cited by 5
  31. 2024MFP: Making Full Use of Probability Maps for Interactive Image Segmentationcited by 5
  32. 2023Impact of Pseudo Depth on Open World Object Segmentation with Minimal User Guidancecited by 4
  33. 2024QIS : Interactive Segmentation via Quasi-Conformal Mappingscited by 4
  34. 2024Interactive4D: Interactive 4D LiDAR Segmentationcited by 4
  35. 2025Human-in-the-Loop Local Corrections of 3D Scene Layouts via Infillingcited by 4
  36. 2023Interactive Image Segmentation with Cross-Modality Vision Transformerscited by 3
  37. 2023Interactive Segmentation for Diverse Gesture Types Without Contextcited by 3
  38. 2023Feature Decoupling-Recycling Network for Fast Interactive Segmentationcited by 3

50 most cited of 101 All 101 (JSON)