M2N2V2: Multi-Modal Unsupervised and Training-free Interactive Segmentation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present Markov Map Nearest Neighbor V2 (M2N2V2), a novel and simple, yet effective approach which leverages depth guidance and attention maps for unsupervised and training-free point-prompt-based interactive segmentation. Following recent trends in supervised multimodal approaches, we carefully integrate depth as an additional modality to create novel depth-guided Markov-maps. Furthermore, we observe occasional segment size fluctuations in M2N2 during the interactive process, which can decrease the overall mIoU's. To mitigate this problem, we model the prompting as a sequential process and propose a novel adaptive score function which considers the previous segmentation and the current prompt point in order to prevent unreasonable segment size changes. Using Stable Diffusion 2 and Depth Anything V2 as backbones, we empirically show that our proposed M2N2V2 significantly improves the Number of Clicks (NoC) and mIoU compared to M2N2 in all datasets except those from the medical domain. Interestingly, our unsupervised approach achieves competitive results compared to supervised methods like SAM and SimpleClick in the more challenging DAVIS and HQSeg44K datasets in the NoC metric, reducing the gap between supervised and unsupervised methods.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2025.
Builds on
36 of 53 references.
References · 36
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24 more
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- 2025Inter2Former: Dynamic Hybrid Attention for Efficient High-Precision Interactive
- 2023A dynamic interactive learning framework for automated 3D medical image segmentation
- 2025Proxy Prompt: Endowing SAM and SAM 2 with Auto-Interactive-Prompt for Medical Segmentation
- 2026X2SAM: Any Segmentation in Images and Videos
- 2025Show or Tell? Effectively prompting Vision-Language Models for semantic segmentation
- 2026MedSAM-Agent: Empowering Interactive Medical Image Segmentation with Multi-turn Agentic Reinforcement Learning
- 2024FusionSAM: Visual Multi-Modal Learning with Segment Anything
- 2026XAI-CLIP: ROI-Guided Perturbation Framework for Explainable Medical Image Segmentation in Multimodal Vision-Language Models