mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

3D-Aware Indoor Scene Synthesis with Depth Priors

arXiv 2202.08553 ↗First posted 17 Feb 2022cs.CVcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

Despite the recent advancement of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in learning 3D-aware image synthesis from 2D data, existing methods fail to model indoor scenes due to the large diversity of room layouts and the objects inside. We argue that indoor scenes do not have a shared intrinsic structure, and hence only using 2D images cannot adequately guide the model with the 3D geometry. In this work, we fill in this gap by introducing depth as a 3D prior. Compared with other 3D data formats, depth better fits the convolution-based generation mechanism and is more easily accessible in practice. Specifically, we propose a dual-path generator, where one path is responsible for depth generation, whose intermediate features are injected into the other path as the condition for appearance rendering. Such a design eases the 3D-aware synthesis with explicit geometry information. Meanwhile, we introduce a switchable discriminator both to differentiate real v.s. fake domains and to predict the depth from a given input. In this way, the discriminator can take the spatial arrangement into account and advise the generator to learn an appropriate depth condition. Extensive experimental results suggest that our approach is capable of synthesizing indoor scenes with impressively good quality and 3D consistency, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art alternatives.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Feb 2022.

Builds on

35 of 51 references.

References · 35

  1. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  2. 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,427
  3. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
  4. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
  5. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
  6. 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,214
  7. 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,484
  8. 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,350
  9. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,204
  10. 2021Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,181
  11. 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 885
  12. 2020GIRAFFE: Representing Scenes as Compositional Generative Neural Feature Fieldscited by 784
23 more
  1. 2018Deep Ordinal Regression Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 721
  2. 2018Open3D: A Modern Library for 3D Data Processingcited by 717
  3. 2020pi-GAN: Periodic Implicit Generative Adversarial Networks for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 708
  4. 2020GRAF: Generative Radiance Fields for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 688
  5. 2018Which Training Methods for GANs do actually Converge?cited by 672
  6. 2020GANSpace: Discovering Interpretable GAN Controlscited by 612
  7. 2016Learning a Probabilistic Latent Space of Object Shapes via 3D Generative-Adversarial Modelingcited by 558
  8. 2021StyleNeRF: A Style-based 3D-Aware Generator for High-resolution Image Synthesiscited by 477
  9. 2020Closed-Form Factorization of Latent Semantics in GANscited by 407
  10. 2020InterFaceGAN: Interpreting the Disentangled Face Representation Learned by GANscited by 393
  11. 2021StyleSDF: High-Resolution 3D-Consistent Image and Geometry Generationcited by 289
  12. 2021GRAM: Generative Radiance Manifolds for 3D-Aware Image Generationcited by 216
  13. 2020Learning to Recover 3D Scene Shape from a Single Imagecited by 214
  14. 2020BlockGAN: Learning 3D Object-aware Scene Representations from Unlabelled Imagescited by 166
  15. 2021Unconstrained Scene Generation with Locally Conditioned Radiance Fieldscited by 130
  16. 2018Visual Object Networks: Image Generation with Disentangled 3D Representationcited by 124
  17. 20213D-aware Image Synthesis via Learning Structural and Textural Representationscited by 109
  18. 2019Semantic Hierarchy Emerges in Deep Generative Representations for Scene Synthesiscited by 106
  19. 2021CAMPARI: Camera-Aware Decomposed Generative Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 55
  20. 2021Low-Rank Subspaces in GANscited by 52
  21. 2016Generative Image Modeling using Style and Structure Adversarial Networkscited by 50
  22. 2018Geometric Image Synthesiscited by 16
  23. 2019RGBD-GAN: Unsupervised 3D Representation Learning From Natural Image Datasets via RGBD Image Synthesiscited by 13

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 8; 2023: 16; 2024: 5; 2025: 3.

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  1. 2022Rodin: A Generative Model for Sculpting 3D Digital Avatars Using Diffusioncited by 309
  2. 2023CityDreamer: Compositional Generative Model of Unbounded 3D Citiescited by 75
  3. 2023SceneDreamer: Unbounded 3D Scene Generation from 2D Image Collectionscited by 72
  4. 20233D-aware Image Generation using 2D Diffusion Modelscited by 69
  5. 2022DisCoScene: Spatially Disentangled Generative Radiance Fields for Controllable 3D-aware Scene Synthesiscited by 61
  6. 20233D generation on ImageNetcited by 47
  7. 2023StyleGAN knows Normal, Depth, Albedo, and Morecited by 44
  8. 2024Generative Gaussian Splatting for Unbounded 3D City Generationcited by 43
  9. 2023A General Protocol to Probe Large Vision Models for 3D Physical Understandingcited by 32
  10. 2022Toward 3D Spatial Reasoning for Human-like Text-based Visual Question Answeringcited by 24
  11. 2024SceneFactor: Factored Latent 3D Diffusion for Controllable 3D Scene Generationcited by 24
  12. 2023CityGen: Infinite and Controllable City Layout Generationcited by 22
20 more
  1. 2025WorldGen: From Text to Traversable and Interactive 3D Worldscited by 18
  2. 2022A Survey on Deep Generative 3D-aware Image Synthesiscited by 16
  3. 2024Tri2-plane: Thinking Head Avatar via Feature Pyramidcited by 16
  4. 2023LinkGAN: Linking GAN Latents to Pixels for Controllable Image Synthesiscited by 15
  5. 2024Denoising Diffusion via Image-Based Renderingcited by 15
  6. 2023Learning 3D-aware Image Synthesis with Unknown Pose Distributioncited by 14
  7. 2023Efficient 3D Articulated Human Generation with Layered Surface Volumescited by 13
  8. 2022DAG: Depth-Aware Guidance with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 12
  9. 2022SinGRAF: Learning a 3D Generative Radiance Field for a Single Scenecited by 11
  10. 2023BlobGAN-3D: A Spatially-Disentangled 3D-Aware Generative Model for Indoor Scenescited by 8
  11. 2025From Programs to Poses: Factored Real-World Scene Generation via Learned Program Librariescited by 6
  12. 2024G3DR: Generative 3D Reconstruction in ImageNetcited by 5
  13. 2022GLeaD: Improving GANs with A Generator-Leading Taskcited by 4
  14. 2023Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D-aware Image Synthesis with a Modularized Codebasecited by 4
  15. 2023BerfScene: Bev-conditioned Equivariant Radiance Fields for Infinite 3D Scene Generationcited by 4
  16. 2023Consistent Multimodal Generation via A Unified GAN Frameworkcited by 3
  17. 2023SideGAN: 3D-Aware Generative Model for Improved Side-View Image Synthesiscited by 3
  18. 2022Deep Generative Models on 3D Representations: A Surveycited by 1
  19. 2023Learning Modulated Transformation in GANscited by 1
  20. 2025LPA3D: 3D Room-Level Scene Generation from In-the-Wild Imagescited by 0