mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Generative Image Modeling using Style and Structure Adversarial Networks

arXiv 1603.05631 ↗First posted 17 Mar 2016cs.CVcited by 50

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Abstract (arXiv)

Current generative frameworks use end-to-end learning and generate images by sampling from uniform noise distribution. However, these approaches ignore the most basic principle of image formation: images are product of: (a) Structure: the underlying 3D model; (b) Style: the texture mapped onto structure. In this paper, we factorize the image generation process and propose Style and Structure Generative Adversarial Network (S^2-GAN). Our S^2-GAN has two components: the Structure-GAN generates a surface normal map; the Style-GAN takes the surface normal map as input and generates the 2D image. Apart from a real vs. generated loss function, we use an additional loss with computed surface normals from generated images. The two GANs are first trained independently, and then merged together via joint learning. We show our S^2-GAN model is interpretable, generates more realistic images and can be used to learn unsupervised RGBD representations.

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Mar 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2019: 1; 2020: 1; 2021: 20; 2022: 12; 2023: 10; 2024: 2; 2025: 4.

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  1. 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,627
  2. 2019Variational Mixture-of-Experts Autoencoders for Multi-Modal Deep Generative Modelscited by 178
  3. 2021GeoSim: Realistic Video Simulation via Geometry-Aware Composition for Self-Drivingcited by 75
  4. 2021CAMPARI: Camera-Aware Decomposed Generative Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 55
  5. 2023CommonScenes: Generating Commonsense 3D Indoor Scenes with Scene Graph Diffusioncited by 54
  6. 2022Exploring Frequency Adversarial Attacks for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 45
  7. 2022Can segmentation models be trained with fully synthetically generated data?cited by 37
  8. 2021Video Autoencoder: self-supervised disentanglement of static 3D structure and motioncited by 34
  9. 2021Learned Spatial Representations for Few-shot Talking-Head Synthesiscited by 32
  10. 20223D-Aware Indoor Scene Synthesis with Depth Priorscited by 32
  11. 20213D-Aware Semantic-Guided Generative Model for Human Synthesiscited by 31
  12. 2021Compositional Transformers for Scene Generationcited by 24
38 more
  1. 2022CoordGAN: Self-Supervised Dense Correspondences Emerge from GANscited by 17
  2. 2022A Survey on Deep Generative 3D-aware Image Synthesiscited by 16
  3. 2022AR-NeRF: Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Defocus Effects from Natural Images with Aperture Rendering Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 12
  4. 2025A Diffusion Model Translator for Efficient Image-to-Image Translationcited by 12
  5. 2022Recurrent Affine Transformation for Text-to-image Synthesiscited by 11
  6. 2021MOGAN: Morphologic-structure-aware Generative Learning from a Single Imagecited by 9
  7. 2021Partition-Guided GANscited by 9
  8. 2021Unsupervised Novel View Synthesis from a Single Imagecited by 8
  9. 2023Controllable Visual-Tactile Synthesiscited by 8
  10. 2021StEP: Style-based Encoder Pre-training for Multi-modal Image Synthesiscited by 7
  11. 2022Generator Knows What Discriminator Should Learn in Unconditional GANscited by 7
  12. 2021LatentKeypointGAN: Controlling Images via Latent Keypointscited by 5
  13. 2021Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Depth-of-Field Effect from Natural Images with Aperture Rendering Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 4
  14. 2021Scalable Font Reconstruction with Dual Latent Manifoldscited by 4
  15. 2021Generative Adversarial U-Net for Domain-free Medical Image Augmentationcited by 3
  16. 2023Consistent Multimodal Generation via A Unified GAN Frameworkcited by 3
  17. 2023PRISM: Progressive Restoration for Scene Graph-based Image Manipulationcited by 3
  18. 2023Pixel-to-Abundance Translation: Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks Based on Patch Transformer for Hyperspectral Unmixingcited by 3
  19. 2021Density-aware Haze Image Synthesis by Self-Supervised Content-Style Disentanglementcited by 2
  20. 2021Pipeline for 3D reconstruction of the human body from AR/VR headset mounted egocentric camerascited by 2
  21. 2022How to Guide Adaptive Depth Sampling?cited by 2
  22. 2023Likelihood-Based Generative Radiance Field with Latent Space Energy-Based Model for 3D-Aware Disentangled Image Representationcited by 2
  23. 2023BioGAN: An unpaired GAN-based image to image translation model for microbiological imagescited by 2
  24. 2021Tensor-to-Image: Image-to-Image Translation with Vision Transformerscited by 1
  25. 2022Deep Generative Models on 3D Representations: A Surveycited by 1
  26. 2023P2I-NET: Mapping Camera Pose to Image via Adversarial Learning for New View Synthesis in Real Indoor Environmentscited by 1
  27. 2023Intelligent Generation of Graphical Game Assets: A Conceptual Framework and Systematic Review of the State of the Artcited by 1
  28. 2024Theoretical Insights into CycleGAN: Analyzing Approximation and Estimation Errors in Unpaired Data Generationcited by 1
  29. 2020Why Adversarial Interaction Creates Non-Homogeneous Patterns: A Pseudo-Reaction-Diffusion Model for Turing Instabilitycited by 0
  30. 2021Re-designing cities with conditional adversarial networkscited by 0
  31. 2021Ebola Optimization Search Algorithm (EOSA): A new metaheuristic algorithm based on the propagation model of Ebola virus diseasecited by 0
  32. 2021OmiTrans: generative adversarial networks based omics-to-omics translation frameworkcited by 0
  33. 2022LatentKeypointGAN: Controlling Images via Latent Keypoints -- Extended Abstractcited by 0
  34. 2023A Systematic Evaluation and Benchmark for Embedding-Aware Generative Models: Features, Models, and Any-shot Scenarioscited by 0
  35. 2024Learning Decomposable and Debiased Representations via Attribute-Centric Information Bottleneckscited by 0
  36. 2025Beacon2Science: Enhancing STEREO/HI beacon data with machine learning for efficient CME trackingcited by 0
  37. 2025FD-DiT: Frequency Domain-Directed Diffusion Transformer for Low-Dose CT Reconstructioncited by 0
  38. 2025Towards Spatially Consistent Image Generation: On Incorporating Intrinsic Scene Properties into Diffusion Modelscited by 0