Learning Open-World Object Proposals without Learning to Classify
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Object proposals have become an integral preprocessing steps of many vision pipelines including object detection, weakly supervised detection, object discovery, tracking, etc. Compared to the learning-free methods, learning-based proposals have become popular recently due to the growing interest in object detection. The common paradigm is to learn object proposals from data labeled with a set of object regions and their corresponding categories. However, this approach often struggles with novel objects in the open world that are absent in the training set. In this paper, we identify that the problem is that the binary classifiers in existing proposal methods tend to overfit to the training categories. Therefore, we propose a classification-free Object Localization Network (OLN) which estimates the objectness of each region purely by how well the location and shape of a region overlap with any ground-truth object (e.g., centerness and IoU). This simple strategy learns generalizable objectness and outperforms existing proposals on cross-category generalization on COCO, as well as cross-dataset evaluation on RoboNet, Object365, and EpicKitchens. Finally, we demonstrate the merit of OLN for long-tail object detection on large vocabulary dataset, LVIS, where we notice clear improvement in rare and common categories.
Key facts. Cited by 109 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 59 of its 78 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Aug 2021.
Builds on
59 of 78 references.
References · 59
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
- 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
- 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,021
- 2016V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentationcited by 2,284
- 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,573
- 2016YOLO9000: Better, Faster, Strongercited by 1,429
- 2019MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmarkcited by 1,379
- 2019Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regressioncited by 1,361
- 2019LVIS: A Dataset for Large Vocabulary Instance Segmentationcited by 1,215
- 2020Simple Copy-Paste is a Strong Data Augmentation Method for Instance Segmentationcited by 595
38 more
- 2017Zero-Shot Learning -- A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Good, the Bad and the Uglycited by 536
- 2021Towards Open World Object Detectioncited by 297
- 2020Frustratingly Simple Few-Shot Object Detectioncited by 280
- 2019RoboNet: Large-Scale Multi-Robot Learningcited by 268
- 2018Few-shot Object Detection via Feature Reweightingcited by 265
- 2019Mask Scoring R-CNNcited by 265
- 2020The EPIC-KITCHENS Dataset: Collection, Challenges and Baselinescited by 221
- 2018Zero-Shot Object Detectioncited by 189
- 2015Weakly Supervised Deep Detection Networkscited by 183
- 2019Meta R-CNN : Towards General Solver for Instance-level Few-shot Learningcited by 182
- 2018Acquisition of Localization Confidence for Accurate Object Detectioncited by 174
- 2021Unidentified Video Objects: A Benchmark for Dense, Open-World Segmentationcited by 133
- 2017Multiple Instance Detection Network with Online Instance Classifier Refinementcited by 117
- 2020The Devil is in Classification: A Simple Framework for Long-tail Object Detection and Instance Segmentationcited by 108
- 2018PCL: Proposal Cluster Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Detectioncited by 97
- 2015Multiscale Combinatorial Grouping for Image Segmentation and Object Proposal Generationcited by 90
- 2019Region Proposal by Guided Anchoringcited by 87
- 2020Unseen Object Instance Segmentation for Robotic Environmentscited by 85
- 2015Learning to Segment Object Candidatescited by 79
- 2018LSTD: A Low-Shot Transfer Detector for Object Detectioncited by 77
- 2015Unsupervised Object Discovery and Localization in the Wild: Part-based Matching with Bottom-up Region Proposalscited by 69
- 2020Learning RGB-D Feature Embeddings for Unseen Object Instance Segmentationcited by 64
- 2019Cascade RPN: Delving into High-Quality Region Proposal Network with Adaptive Convolutioncited by 57
- 2018Zero-Shot Object Detection: Learning to Simultaneously Recognize and Localize Novel Conceptscited by 48
- 2016Weakly Supervised Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 47
- 2014Convolutional Feature Masking for Joint Object and Stuff Segmentationcited by 41
- 2019IoU-aware Single-stage Object Detector for Accurate Localizationcited by 36
- 2014LSDA: Large Scale Detection Through Adaptationcited by 32
- 2017Improving Object Localization with Fitness NMS and Bounded IoU Losscited by 30
- 2017Revisiting knowledge transfer for training object class detectorscited by 26
- 2018Dissimilarity Coefficient based Weakly Supervised Object Detectioncited by 23
- 2018Visual and Semantic Knowledge Transfer for Large Scale Semi-supervised Object Detectioncited by 22
- 2015Unsupervised Object Discovery and Tracking in Video Collectionscited by 17
- 2019Detecting 11K Classes: Large Scale Object Detection without Fine-Grained Bounding Boxescited by 17
- 2021Unknown Object Segmentation from Stereo Imagescited by 16
- 2016Attend Refine Repeat: Active Box Proposal Generation via In-Out Localizationcited by 15
- 2017R-FCN-3000 at 30fps: Decoupling Detection and Classificationcited by 15
- 20201st Place Solution of LVIS Challenge 2020: A Good Box is not a Guarantee of a Good Maskcited by 15
50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 21; 2023: 41; 2024: 25; 2025: 12; 2026: 6.
109 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2021Grounded Language-Image Pre-trainingcited by 1,147
- 2022Detecting Twenty-thousand Classes using Image-level Supervisioncited by 613
- 2023Open-Vocabulary Panoptic Segmentation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 371
- 2022VOS: Learning What You Don't Know by Virtual Outlier Synthesiscited by 300
- 2023Fast Segment Anythingcited by 286
- 2022Open-Vocabulary DETR with Conditional Matchingcited by 220
- 2023Towards Open Vocabulary Learning: A Surveycited by 165
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 159
- 2022F-VLM: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection upon Frozen Vision and Language Modelscited by 149
- 2023Transformer-Based Visual Segmentation: A Surveycited by 124
- 2023Region-Aware Pretraining for Open-Vocabulary Object Detection with Vision Transformerscited by 91
38 more
- 2023DetCLIPv2: Scalable Open-Vocabulary Object Detection Pre-training via Word-Region Alignmentcited by 90
- 2021Class-agnostic Object Detection with Multi-modal Transformercited by 85
- 2024Open-Vocabulary SAM: Segment and Recognize Twenty-thousand Classes Interactivelycited by 74
- 2022Unknown-Aware Object Detection: Learning What You Don't Know from Videos in the Wildcited by 70
- 2023Detecting Everything in the Open World: Towards Universal Object Detectioncited by 62
- 2023A Survey on Open-Vocabulary Detection and Segmentation: Past, Present, and Futurecited by 59
- 2022PROB: Probabilistic Objectness for Open World Object Detectioncited by 57
- 2023EdaDet: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection Using Early Dense Alignmentcited by 44
- 2022Open-World Instance Segmentation: Exploiting Pseudo Ground Truth From Learned Pairwise Affinitycited by 41
- 2023MobileSAMv2: Faster Segment Anything to Everythingcited by 41
- 2023Open-vocabulary Panoptic Segmentation with Embedding Modulationcited by 39
- 2021Learning to Detect Every Thing in an Open Worldcited by 37
- 2023Contrastive Feature Masking Open-Vocabulary Vision Transformercited by 31
- 2023LP-OVOD: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection by Linear Probingcited by 29
- 2023CAT: LoCalization and IdentificAtion Cascade Detection Transformer for Open-World Object Detectioncited by 28
- 2024AIDE: An Automatic Data Engine for Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 26
- 2023Random Boxes Are Open-world Object Detectorscited by 24
- 2022Sylph: A Hypernetwork Framework for Incremental Few-shot Object Detectioncited by 23
- 2024OV-DQUO: Open-Vocabulary DETR with Denoising Text Query Training and Open-World Unknown Objects Supervisioncited by 22
- 2024I Can't Believe It's Not Scene Flow!cited by 21
- 2024OV-Uni3DETR: Towards Unified Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection via Cycle-Modality Propagationcited by 19
- 2022Localized Vision-Language Matching for Open-vocabulary Object Detectioncited by 17
- 2022Open-Set Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 17
- 2023SegPrompt: Boosting Open-world Segmentation via Category-level Prompt Learningcited by 17
- 2024Adapting Pre-Trained Vision Models for Novel Instance Detection and Segmentationcited by 17
- 2023Semantic-Promoted Debiasing and Background Disambiguation for Zero-Shot Instance Segmentationcited by 16
- 2023Hyp-OW: Exploiting Hierarchical Structure Learning with Hyperbolic Distance Enhances Open World Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2024Open World Object Detection: A Surveycited by 13
- 2023Weakly-supervised Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Object Discoverycited by 12
- 2025WeDetect: Fast Open-Vocabulary Object Detection as Retrievalcited by 11
- 2022GOOD: Exploring Geometric Cues for Detecting Objects in an Open Worldcited by 10
- 2024HASSOD: Hierarchical Adaptive Self-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 10
- 2021CA-SSL: Class-Agnostic Semi-Supervised Learning for Detection and Segmentationcited by 9
- 2022Extending One-Stage Detection with Open-World Proposalscited by 9
- 2022Towards Generalized Few-Shot Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 8
- 2023Open-world Instance Segmentation: Top-down Learning with Bottom-up Supervisioncited by 8
- 2023SalienDet: A Saliency-based Feature Enhancement Algorithm for Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
- 2023VoxDet: Voxel Learning for Novel Instance Detectioncited by 8
50 most cited of 109 All 109 (JSON)
- 2026Losing the name before the box: measuring and repairing what narrow fine-tuning costs a detector outside its deployment vocabulary29 Sep 2026
- 2026Task-driven Processing with Coarse-to-Fine Glimpse-based Active Perception8 Sep 2026
- 2026Background-Free Objectness Learning for Class-Agnostic Detection29 Aug 2026
- 2026VOLA: Improving Open-World Driving by VLM-Based Semantic Attribute Prediction12 Aug 2026
- 2026From Local Matches to Global Masks: Template-Guided Instance Detection and Segmentation in Open-World Scenes3 Mar 2026
- 2026Segment Any Events with Language30 Jan 2026
- 2025WeDetect: Fast Open-Vocabulary Object Detection as Retrieval13 Dec 2025
- 2025VK-Det: Visual Knowledge Guided Prototype Learning for Open-Vocabulary Aerial Object Detection22 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards 3D Objectness Learning in an Open World20 Oct 2025
- 2025Looking Beyond the Known: Towards a Data Discovery Guided Open-World Object Detection30 Sep 2025
- 2025SynSeg: Feature Synergy for Multi-Category Contrastive Learning in End-to-End Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation8 Aug 2025
- 2025Learning 3D Texture-Aware Representations for Parsing Diverse Human Clothing and Body Parts8 Aug 2025
38 more
- 2025Panoptic Captioning: An Equivalence Bridge for Image and Text22 May 2025
- 2025Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background24 Apr 2025
- 2025v-CLR: View-Consistent Learning for Open-World Instance Segmentation2 Apr 2025
- 2025Solving Instance Detection from an Open-World Perspective1 Mar 2025
- 2025Generalized Class Discovery in Instance Segmentation12 Feb 2025
- 2025vSTMD: Visual Motion Detection for Extremely Tiny Target at Various Velocities22 Jan 2025
- 2024Open-Set Object Detection By Aligning Known Class Representations30 Dec 2024
- 2024Long-Tailed Object Detection Pre-training: Dynamic Rebalancing Contrastive Learning with Dual Reconstruction14 Nov 2024
- 2024Open World Object Detection: A Survey15 Oct 2024
- 2024O1O: Grouping of Known Classes to Identify Unknown Objects as Odd-One-Out10 Oct 2024
- 2024OW-Rep: Open World Object Detection with Instance Representation Learning24 Sep 2024
- 2024SOS: Segment Object System for Open-World Instance Segmentation With Object Priors22 Sep 2024
- 2024CatFree3D: Category-agnostic 3D Object Detection with Diffusion22 Aug 2024
- 2024Zero-shot 3D General Obstacle Detection via Multimodal Foundation Models and Geometry22 Aug 2024
- 2024Towards Open-World Object-based Anomaly Detection via Self-Supervised Outlier Synthesis22 Jul 2024
- 2024ActionSwitch: Class-agnostic Detection of Simultaneous Actions in Streaming Videos17 Jul 2024
- 2024OV-DQUO: Open-Vocabulary DETR with Denoising Text Query Training and Open-World Unknown Objects Supervision28 May 2024
- 2024Adapting Pre-Trained Vision Models for Novel Instance Detection and Segmentation28 May 2024
- 2024SOHES: Self-supervised Open-world Hierarchical Entity Segmentation18 Apr 2024
- 2024OSR-ViT: A Simple and Modular Framework for Open-Set Object Detection and Discovery16 Apr 2024
- 2024Detecting Every Object from Events8 Apr 2024
- 2024OV-Uni3DETR: Towards Unified Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection via Cycle-Modality Propagation28 Mar 2024
- 2024AIDE: An Automatic Data Engine for Object Detection in Autonomous Driving26 Mar 2024
- 2024PRAGO: Differentiable Multi-View Pose Optimization From Objectness Detections13 Mar 2024
- 2024MENTOR: Multilingual tExt detectioN TOward leaRning by analogy12 Mar 2024
- 2024I Can't Believe It's Not Scene Flow!7 Mar 2024
- 2024Debiased Novel Category Discovering and Localization29 Feb 2024
- 2024HASSOD: Hierarchical Adaptive Self-Supervised Object Detection5 Feb 2024
- 2024Multimodal-Enhanced Objectness Learner for Corner Case Detection in Autonomous Driving3 Feb 2024
- 2024UOD: Unseen Object Detection in 3D Point Cloud8 Jan 2024
- 2024Open-Vocabulary SAM: Segment and Recognize Twenty-thousand Classes Interactively5 Jan 2024
- 2023MobileSAMv2: Faster Segment Anything to Everything15 Dec 2023
- 2023SKDF: A Simple Knowledge Distillation Framework for Distilling Open-Vocabulary Knowledge to Open-world Object Detector14 Dec 2023
- 2023DSD-DA: Distillation-based Source Debiasing for Domain Adaptive Object Detection17 Nov 2023
- 2023Towards Open-Ended Visual Recognition with Large Language Model14 Nov 2023
- 2023LP-OVOD: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection by Linear Probing26 Oct 2023
- 2023EAR-Net: Pursuing End-to-End Absolute Rotations from Multi-View Images16 Oct 2023
- 2023A Metacognitive Approach to Out-of-Distribution Detection for Segmentation4 Oct 2023
50 newest of 109 All 109 (JSON)
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2021Grounded Language-Image Pre-trainingcited by 1,147
- 2022Detecting Twenty-thousand Classes using Image-level Supervisioncited by 613
- 2022VOS: Learning What You Don't Know by Virtual Outlier Synthesiscited by 300
- 2023Fast Segment Anythingcited by 286
- 2022Open-Vocabulary DETR with Conditional Matchingcited by 220
- 2023Towards Open Vocabulary Learning: A Surveycited by 165
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 159
- 2022F-VLM: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection upon Frozen Vision and Language Modelscited by 149
- 2023Transformer-Based Visual Segmentation: A Surveycited by 124
- 2023Region-Aware Pretraining for Open-Vocabulary Object Detection with Vision Transformerscited by 91
- 2023DetCLIPv2: Scalable Open-Vocabulary Object Detection Pre-training via Word-Region Alignmentcited by 90
12 most cited of 103 All 103 (JSON)
- 2026Losing the name before the box: measuring and repairing what narrow fine-tuning costs a detector outside its deployment vocabulary29 Sep 2026
- 2026Task-driven Processing with Coarse-to-Fine Glimpse-based Active Perception8 Sep 2026
- 2026Background-Free Objectness Learning for Class-Agnostic Detection29 Aug 2026
- 2026From Local Matches to Global Masks: Template-Guided Instance Detection and Segmentation in Open-World Scenes3 Mar 2026
- 2026Segment Any Events with Language30 Jan 2026
- 2025WeDetect: Fast Open-Vocabulary Object Detection as Retrieval13 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards 3D Objectness Learning in an Open World20 Oct 2025
- 2025Looking Beyond the Known: Towards a Data Discovery Guided Open-World Object Detection30 Sep 2025
- 2025SynSeg: Feature Synergy for Multi-Category Contrastive Learning in End-to-End Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation8 Aug 2025
- 2025Panoptic Captioning: An Equivalence Bridge for Image and Text22 May 2025
- 2025Improving Open-World Object Localization by Discovering Background24 Apr 2025
- 2025v-CLR: View-Consistent Learning for Open-World Instance Segmentation2 Apr 2025
12 newest of 103 All 103 (JSON)