mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Learning Open-World Object Proposals without Learning to Classify

arXiv 2108.06753 ↗First posted 15 Aug 2021cs.CVcited by 109

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Abstract (arXiv)

Object proposals have become an integral preprocessing steps of many vision pipelines including object detection, weakly supervised detection, object discovery, tracking, etc. Compared to the learning-free methods, learning-based proposals have become popular recently due to the growing interest in object detection. The common paradigm is to learn object proposals from data labeled with a set of object regions and their corresponding categories. However, this approach often struggles with novel objects in the open world that are absent in the training set. In this paper, we identify that the problem is that the binary classifiers in existing proposal methods tend to overfit to the training categories. Therefore, we propose a classification-free Object Localization Network (OLN) which estimates the objectness of each region purely by how well the location and shape of a region overlap with any ground-truth object (e.g., centerness and IoU). This simple strategy learns generalizable objectness and outperforms existing proposals on cross-category generalization on COCO, as well as cross-dataset evaluation on RoboNet, Object365, and EpicKitchens. Finally, we demonstrate the merit of OLN for long-tail object detection on large vocabulary dataset, LVIS, where we notice clear improvement in rare and common categories.

Key facts. Cited by 109 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 59 of its 78 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Aug 2021.

Builds on

59 of 78 references.

References · 59

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  3. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
  4. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  5. 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,021
  6. 2016V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentationcited by 2,284
  7. 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,573
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  10. 2019Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regressioncited by 1,361
  11. 2019LVIS: A Dataset for Large Vocabulary Instance Segmentationcited by 1,215
  12. 2020Simple Copy-Paste is a Strong Data Augmentation Method for Instance Segmentationcited by 595
38 more
  1. 2017Zero-Shot Learning -- A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Good, the Bad and the Uglycited by 536
  2. 2021Towards Open World Object Detectioncited by 297
  3. 2020Frustratingly Simple Few-Shot Object Detectioncited by 280
  4. 2019RoboNet: Large-Scale Multi-Robot Learningcited by 268
  5. 2018Few-shot Object Detection via Feature Reweightingcited by 265
  6. 2019Mask Scoring R-CNNcited by 265
  7. 2020The EPIC-KITCHENS Dataset: Collection, Challenges and Baselinescited by 221
  8. 2018Zero-Shot Object Detectioncited by 189
  9. 2015Weakly Supervised Deep Detection Networkscited by 183
  10. 2019Meta R-CNN : Towards General Solver for Instance-level Few-shot Learningcited by 182
  11. 2018Acquisition of Localization Confidence for Accurate Object Detectioncited by 174
  12. 2021Unidentified Video Objects: A Benchmark for Dense, Open-World Segmentationcited by 133
  13. 2017Multiple Instance Detection Network with Online Instance Classifier Refinementcited by 117
  14. 2020The Devil is in Classification: A Simple Framework for Long-tail Object Detection and Instance Segmentationcited by 108
  15. 2018PCL: Proposal Cluster Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Detectioncited by 97
  16. 2015Multiscale Combinatorial Grouping for Image Segmentation and Object Proposal Generationcited by 90
  17. 2019Region Proposal by Guided Anchoringcited by 87
  18. 2020Unseen Object Instance Segmentation for Robotic Environmentscited by 85
  19. 2015Learning to Segment Object Candidatescited by 79
  20. 2018LSTD: A Low-Shot Transfer Detector for Object Detectioncited by 77
  21. 2015Unsupervised Object Discovery and Localization in the Wild: Part-based Matching with Bottom-up Region Proposalscited by 69
  22. 2020Learning RGB-D Feature Embeddings for Unseen Object Instance Segmentationcited by 64
  23. 2019Cascade RPN: Delving into High-Quality Region Proposal Network with Adaptive Convolutioncited by 57
  24. 2018Zero-Shot Object Detection: Learning to Simultaneously Recognize and Localize Novel Conceptscited by 48
  25. 2016Weakly Supervised Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 47
  26. 2014Convolutional Feature Masking for Joint Object and Stuff Segmentationcited by 41
  27. 2019IoU-aware Single-stage Object Detector for Accurate Localizationcited by 36
  28. 2014LSDA: Large Scale Detection Through Adaptationcited by 32
  29. 2017Improving Object Localization with Fitness NMS and Bounded IoU Losscited by 30
  30. 2017Revisiting knowledge transfer for training object class detectorscited by 26
  31. 2018Dissimilarity Coefficient based Weakly Supervised Object Detectioncited by 23
  32. 2018Visual and Semantic Knowledge Transfer for Large Scale Semi-supervised Object Detectioncited by 22
  33. 2015Unsupervised Object Discovery and Tracking in Video Collectionscited by 17
  34. 2019Detecting 11K Classes: Large Scale Object Detection without Fine-Grained Bounding Boxescited by 17
  35. 2021Unknown Object Segmentation from Stereo Imagescited by 16
  36. 2016Attend Refine Repeat: Active Box Proposal Generation via In-Out Localizationcited by 15
  37. 2017R-FCN-3000 at 30fps: Decoupling Detection and Classificationcited by 15
  38. 20201st Place Solution of LVIS Challenge 2020: A Good Box is not a Guarantee of a Good Maskcited by 15

50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 21; 2023: 41; 2024: 25; 2025: 12; 2026: 6.

109 papers.

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  1. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
  2. 2021Grounded Language-Image Pre-trainingcited by 1,147
  3. 2022Detecting Twenty-thousand Classes using Image-level Supervisioncited by 613
  4. 2023Open-Vocabulary Panoptic Segmentation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 371
  5. 2022VOS: Learning What You Don't Know by Virtual Outlier Synthesiscited by 300
  6. 2023Fast Segment Anythingcited by 286
  7. 2022Open-Vocabulary DETR with Conditional Matchingcited by 220
  8. 2023Towards Open Vocabulary Learning: A Surveycited by 165
  9. 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 159
  10. 2022F-VLM: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection upon Frozen Vision and Language Modelscited by 149
  11. 2023Transformer-Based Visual Segmentation: A Surveycited by 124
  12. 2023Region-Aware Pretraining for Open-Vocabulary Object Detection with Vision Transformerscited by 91
38 more
  1. 2023DetCLIPv2: Scalable Open-Vocabulary Object Detection Pre-training via Word-Region Alignmentcited by 90
  2. 2021Class-agnostic Object Detection with Multi-modal Transformercited by 85
  3. 2024Open-Vocabulary SAM: Segment and Recognize Twenty-thousand Classes Interactivelycited by 74
  4. 2022Unknown-Aware Object Detection: Learning What You Don't Know from Videos in the Wildcited by 70
  5. 2023Detecting Everything in the Open World: Towards Universal Object Detectioncited by 62
  6. 2023A Survey on Open-Vocabulary Detection and Segmentation: Past, Present, and Futurecited by 59
  7. 2022PROB: Probabilistic Objectness for Open World Object Detectioncited by 57
  8. 2023EdaDet: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection Using Early Dense Alignmentcited by 44
  9. 2022Open-World Instance Segmentation: Exploiting Pseudo Ground Truth From Learned Pairwise Affinitycited by 41
  10. 2023MobileSAMv2: Faster Segment Anything to Everythingcited by 41
  11. 2023Open-vocabulary Panoptic Segmentation with Embedding Modulationcited by 39
  12. 2021Learning to Detect Every Thing in an Open Worldcited by 37
  13. 2023Contrastive Feature Masking Open-Vocabulary Vision Transformercited by 31
  14. 2023LP-OVOD: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection by Linear Probingcited by 29
  15. 2023CAT: LoCalization and IdentificAtion Cascade Detection Transformer for Open-World Object Detectioncited by 28
  16. 2024AIDE: An Automatic Data Engine for Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 26
  17. 2023Random Boxes Are Open-world Object Detectorscited by 24
  18. 2022Sylph: A Hypernetwork Framework for Incremental Few-shot Object Detectioncited by 23
  19. 2024OV-DQUO: Open-Vocabulary DETR with Denoising Text Query Training and Open-World Unknown Objects Supervisioncited by 22
  20. 2024I Can't Believe It's Not Scene Flow!cited by 21
  21. 2024OV-Uni3DETR: Towards Unified Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection via Cycle-Modality Propagationcited by 19
  22. 2022Localized Vision-Language Matching for Open-vocabulary Object Detectioncited by 17
  23. 2022Open-Set Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 17
  24. 2023SegPrompt: Boosting Open-world Segmentation via Category-level Prompt Learningcited by 17
  25. 2024Adapting Pre-Trained Vision Models for Novel Instance Detection and Segmentationcited by 17
  26. 2023Semantic-Promoted Debiasing and Background Disambiguation for Zero-Shot Instance Segmentationcited by 16
  27. 2023Hyp-OW: Exploiting Hierarchical Structure Learning with Hyperbolic Distance Enhances Open World Object Detectioncited by 14
  28. 2024Open World Object Detection: A Surveycited by 13
  29. 2023Weakly-supervised Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Object Discoverycited by 12
  30. 2025WeDetect: Fast Open-Vocabulary Object Detection as Retrievalcited by 11
  31. 2022GOOD: Exploring Geometric Cues for Detecting Objects in an Open Worldcited by 10
  32. 2024HASSOD: Hierarchical Adaptive Self-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 10
  33. 2021CA-SSL: Class-Agnostic Semi-Supervised Learning for Detection and Segmentationcited by 9
  34. 2022Extending One-Stage Detection with Open-World Proposalscited by 9
  35. 2022Towards Generalized Few-Shot Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 8
  36. 2023Open-world Instance Segmentation: Top-down Learning with Bottom-up Supervisioncited by 8
  37. 2023SalienDet: A Saliency-based Feature Enhancement Algorithm for Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
  38. 2023VoxDet: Voxel Learning for Novel Instance Detectioncited by 8

50 most cited of 109 All 109 (JSON)