mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

RSGAN: Face Swapping and Editing using Face and Hair Representation in Latent Spaces

arXiv 1804.03447 ↗First posted 10 Apr 2018cs.CV cs.GRcited by 50

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we present an integrated system for automatically generating and editing face images through face swapping, attribute-based editing, and random face parts synthesis. The proposed system is based on a deep neural network that variationally learns the face and hair regions with large-scale face image datasets. Different from conventional variational methods, the proposed network represents the latent spaces individually for faces and hairs. We refer to the proposed network as region-separative generative adversarial network (RSGAN). The proposed network independently handles face and hair appearances in the latent spaces, and then, face swapping is achieved by replacing the latent-space representations of the faces, and reconstruct the entire face image with them. This approach in the latent space robustly performs face swapping even for images which the previous methods result in failure due to inappropriate fitting or the 3D morphable models. In addition, the proposed system can further edit face-swapped images with the same network by manipulating visual attributes or by composing them with randomly generated face or hair parts.

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Apr 2018.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 11; 2023: 11; 2024: 10; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2021Multi-attentional Deepfake Detectioncited by 339
  2. 2021SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 243
  3. 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 158
  4. 2021M2TR: Multi-modal Multi-scale Transformers for Deepfake Detectioncited by 114
  5. 2022Protecting Celebrities from DeepFake with Identity Consistency Transformercited by 95
  6. 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
  7. 2021Deepfake Video Detection Using Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 79
  8. 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
  9. 2022High-resolution Face Swapping via Latent Semantics Disentanglementcited by 57
  10. 2021Countering Malicious DeepFakes: Survey, Battleground, and Horizoncited by 56
  11. 2022Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Survey from the Reliability Perspectivecited by 48
  12. 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
38 more
  1. 2021Initiative Defense against Facial Manipulationcited by 36
  2. 2022FSGANv2: Improved Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactmentcited by 33
  3. 2021Smooth-Swap: A Simple Enhancement for Face-Swapping with Smoothnesscited by 30
  4. 2021Deepfake Videos in the Wild: Analysis and Detectioncited by 23
  5. 2022Deep Convolutional Pooling Transformer for Deepfake Detectioncited by 19
  6. 2024ReSyncer: Rewiring Style-based Generator for Unified Audio-Visually Synced Facial Performercited by 16
  7. 2022Learning Disentangled Representation for One-shot Progressive Face Swappingcited by 12
  8. 2023Face Transformer: Towards High Fidelity and Accurate Face Swappingcited by 11
  9. 2023Reinforced Disentanglement for Face Swapping without Skip Connectioncited by 10
  10. 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlookcited by 10
  11. 2021Metric Learning for Anti-Compression Facial Forgery Detectioncited by 9
  12. 2023Multimodal-driven Talking Face Generation via a Unified Diffusion-based Generatorcited by 9
  13. 2023ReliableSwap: Boosting General Face Swapping Via Reliable Supervisioncited by 8
  14. 2023Text-image guided Diffusion Model for generating Deepfake celebrity interactionscited by 8
  15. 2024Diffusion Deepfakecited by 8
  16. 2024Fake Artificial Intelligence Generated Contents (FAIGC): A Survey of Theories, Detection Methods, and Opportunitiescited by 7
  17. 2025HairCUP: Hair Compositional Universal Prior for 3D Gaussian Avatarscited by 7
  18. 2023Diff-ID: An Explainable Identity Difference Quantification Framework for DeepFake Detectioncited by 6
  19. 2024Deepfake Detection without Deepfakes: Generalization via Synthetic Frequency Patterns Injectioncited by 5
  20. 2022A comprehensive survey on semantic facial attribute editing using generative adversarial networkscited by 3
  21. 2022SD-GAN: Semantic Decomposition for Face Image Synthesis with Discrete Attributecited by 3
  22. 2024A Large-scale Universal Evaluation Benchmark For Face Forgery Detectioncited by 3
  23. 2021ShapeEditer: a StyleGAN Encoder for Face Swappingcited by 2
  24. 2021Causal Representation Learning for Context-Aware Face Transfercited by 2
  25. 2022Robust Deepfake On Unrestricted Media: Generation And Detectioncited by 2
  26. 2022Fighting Malicious Media Data: A Survey on Tampering Detection and Deepfake Detectioncited by 2
  27. 2023Anti-Compression Contrastive Facial Forgery Detectioncited by 2
  28. 2023ExtSwap: Leveraging Extended Latent Mapper for Generating High Quality Face Swappingcited by 2
  29. 2024Principles of Designing Robust Remote Face Anti-Spoofing Systemscited by 2
  30. 2024FaceTracer: Unveiling Source Identities from Swapped Face Images and Videos for Fraud Preventioncited by 2
  31. 2021DeepFakes: Detecting Forged and Synthetic Media Content Using Machine Learningcited by 1
  32. 2023Can deepfakes be created by novice users?cited by 1
  33. 2025De-Fake: Style based Anomaly Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
  34. 2026Towards High Fidelity Face Swapping: A Comprehensive Survey and New Benchmarkcited by 1
  35. 2023Dual Defense: Adversarial, Traceable, and Invisible Robust Watermarking against Face Swappingcited by 0
  36. 2023Individualized Deepfake Detection Exploiting Traces Due to Double Neural-Network Operationscited by 0
  37. 2024Deepfake for the Good: Generating Avatars through Face-Swapping with Implicit Deepfake Generationcited by 0
  38. 2025Gradient-Guided Exploration of Generative Model's Latent Space for Controlled Iris Image Augmentationscited by 0