RSGAN: Face Swapping and Editing using Face and Hair Representation in Latent Spaces
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present an integrated system for automatically generating and editing face images through face swapping, attribute-based editing, and random face parts synthesis. The proposed system is based on a deep neural network that variationally learns the face and hair regions with large-scale face image datasets. Different from conventional variational methods, the proposed network represents the latent spaces individually for faces and hairs. We refer to the proposed network as region-separative generative adversarial network (RSGAN). The proposed network independently handles face and hair appearances in the latent spaces, and then, face swapping is achieved by replacing the latent-space representations of the faces, and reconstruct the entire face image with them. This approach in the latent space robustly performs face swapping even for images which the previous methods result in failure due to inappropriate fitting or the 3D morphable models. In addition, the proposed system can further edit face-swapped images with the same network by manipulating visual attributes or by composing them with randomly generated face or hair parts.
Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Apr 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 11; 2023: 11; 2024: 10; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
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- 2021Multi-attentional Deepfake Detectioncited by 339
- 2021SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 243
- 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 158
- 2021M2TR: Multi-modal Multi-scale Transformers for Deepfake Detectioncited by 114
- 2022Protecting Celebrities from DeepFake with Identity Consistency Transformercited by 95
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
- 2021Deepfake Video Detection Using Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 79
- 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
- 2022High-resolution Face Swapping via Latent Semantics Disentanglementcited by 57
- 2021Countering Malicious DeepFakes: Survey, Battleground, and Horizoncited by 56
- 2022Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Survey from the Reliability Perspectivecited by 48
- 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
38 more
- 2021Initiative Defense against Facial Manipulationcited by 36
- 2022FSGANv2: Improved Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactmentcited by 33
- 2021Smooth-Swap: A Simple Enhancement for Face-Swapping with Smoothnesscited by 30
- 2021Deepfake Videos in the Wild: Analysis and Detectioncited by 23
- 2022Deep Convolutional Pooling Transformer for Deepfake Detectioncited by 19
- 2024ReSyncer: Rewiring Style-based Generator for Unified Audio-Visually Synced Facial Performercited by 16
- 2022Learning Disentangled Representation for One-shot Progressive Face Swappingcited by 12
- 2023Face Transformer: Towards High Fidelity and Accurate Face Swappingcited by 11
- 2023Reinforced Disentanglement for Face Swapping without Skip Connectioncited by 10
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlookcited by 10
- 2021Metric Learning for Anti-Compression Facial Forgery Detectioncited by 9
- 2023Multimodal-driven Talking Face Generation via a Unified Diffusion-based Generatorcited by 9
- 2023ReliableSwap: Boosting General Face Swapping Via Reliable Supervisioncited by 8
- 2023Text-image guided Diffusion Model for generating Deepfake celebrity interactionscited by 8
- 2024Diffusion Deepfakecited by 8
- 2024Fake Artificial Intelligence Generated Contents (FAIGC): A Survey of Theories, Detection Methods, and Opportunitiescited by 7
- 2025HairCUP: Hair Compositional Universal Prior for 3D Gaussian Avatarscited by 7
- 2023Diff-ID: An Explainable Identity Difference Quantification Framework for DeepFake Detectioncited by 6
- 2024Deepfake Detection without Deepfakes: Generalization via Synthetic Frequency Patterns Injectioncited by 5
- 2022A comprehensive survey on semantic facial attribute editing using generative adversarial networkscited by 3
- 2022SD-GAN: Semantic Decomposition for Face Image Synthesis with Discrete Attributecited by 3
- 2024A Large-scale Universal Evaluation Benchmark For Face Forgery Detectioncited by 3
- 2021ShapeEditer: a StyleGAN Encoder for Face Swappingcited by 2
- 2021Causal Representation Learning for Context-Aware Face Transfercited by 2
- 2022Robust Deepfake On Unrestricted Media: Generation And Detectioncited by 2
- 2022Fighting Malicious Media Data: A Survey on Tampering Detection and Deepfake Detectioncited by 2
- 2023Anti-Compression Contrastive Facial Forgery Detectioncited by 2
- 2023ExtSwap: Leveraging Extended Latent Mapper for Generating High Quality Face Swappingcited by 2
- 2024Principles of Designing Robust Remote Face Anti-Spoofing Systemscited by 2
- 2024FaceTracer: Unveiling Source Identities from Swapped Face Images and Videos for Fraud Preventioncited by 2
- 2021DeepFakes: Detecting Forged and Synthetic Media Content Using Machine Learningcited by 1
- 2023Can deepfakes be created by novice users?cited by 1
- 2025De-Fake: Style based Anomaly Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2026Towards High Fidelity Face Swapping: A Comprehensive Survey and New Benchmarkcited by 1
- 2023Dual Defense: Adversarial, Traceable, and Invisible Robust Watermarking against Face Swappingcited by 0
- 2023Individualized Deepfake Detection Exploiting Traces Due to Double Neural-Network Operationscited by 0
- 2024Deepfake for the Good: Generating Avatars through Face-Swapping with Implicit Deepfake Generationcited by 0
- 2025Gradient-Guided Exploration of Generative Model's Latent Space for Controlled Iris Image Augmentationscited by 0
- 2026Towards High Fidelity Face Swapping: A Comprehensive Survey and New Benchmark27 Apr 2026
- 2025Gradient-Guided Exploration of Generative Model's Latent Space for Controlled Iris Image Augmentations12 Nov 2025
- 2025HairCUP: Hair Compositional Universal Prior for 3D Gaussian Avatars25 Jul 2025
- 2025De-Fake: Style based Anomaly Deepfake Detection4 Jul 2025
- 2024FaceTracer: Unveiling Source Identities from Swapped Face Images and Videos for Fraud Prevention11 Dec 2024
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlook29 Nov 2024
- 2024ReSyncer: Rewiring Style-based Generator for Unified Audio-Visually Synced Facial Performer6 Aug 2024
- 2024A Large-scale Universal Evaluation Benchmark For Face Forgery Detection13 Jun 2024
- 2024Principles of Designing Robust Remote Face Anti-Spoofing Systems6 Jun 2024
- 2024Fake Artificial Intelligence Generated Contents (FAIGC): A Survey of Theories, Detection Methods, and Opportunities25 Apr 2024
- 2024Diffusion Deepfake2 Apr 2024
- 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Survey26 Mar 2024
38 more
- 2024Deepfake Detection without Deepfakes: Generalization via Synthetic Frequency Patterns Injection20 Mar 2024
- 2024Deepfake for the Good: Generating Avatars through Face-Swapping with Implicit Deepfake Generation9 Feb 2024
- 2023Individualized Deepfake Detection Exploiting Traces Due to Double Neural-Network Operations13 Dec 2023
- 2023Dual Defense: Adversarial, Traceable, and Invisible Robust Watermarking against Face Swapping25 Oct 2023
- 2023ExtSwap: Leveraging Extended Latent Mapper for Generating High Quality Face Swapping19 Oct 2023
- 2023Text-image guided Diffusion Model for generating Deepfake celebrity interactions26 Sep 2023
- 2023Reinforced Disentanglement for Face Swapping without Skip Connection16 Jul 2023
- 2023ReliableSwap: Boosting General Face Swapping Via Reliable Supervision8 Jun 2023
- 2023Multimodal-driven Talking Face Generation via a Unified Diffusion-based Generator4 May 2023
- 2023Can deepfakes be created by novice users?28 Apr 2023
- 2023Face Transformer: Towards High Fidelity and Accurate Face Swapping5 Apr 2023
- 2023Diff-ID: An Explainable Identity Difference Quantification Framework for DeepFake Detection30 Mar 2023
- 2023Anti-Compression Contrastive Facial Forgery Detection13 Feb 2023
- 2022Fighting Malicious Media Data: A Survey on Tampering Detection and Deepfake Detection12 Dec 2022
- 2022Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Survey from the Reliability Perspective20 Nov 2022
- 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swapping27 Sep 2022
- 2022Deep Convolutional Pooling Transformer for Deepfake Detection12 Sep 2022
- 2022SD-GAN: Semantic Decomposition for Face Image Synthesis with Discrete Attribute12 Jul 2022
- 2022A comprehensive survey on semantic facial attribute editing using generative adversarial networks21 May 2022
- 2022High-resolution Face Swapping via Latent Semantics Disentanglement30 Mar 2022
- 2022Learning Disentangled Representation for One-shot Progressive Face Swapping24 Mar 2022
- 2022Protecting Celebrities from DeepFake with Identity Consistency Transformer2 Mar 2022
- 2022FSGANv2: Improved Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactment25 Feb 2022
- 2022Robust Deepfake On Unrestricted Media: Generation And Detection13 Feb 2022
- 2021Initiative Defense against Facial Manipulation19 Dec 2021
- 2021Smooth-Swap: A Simple Enhancement for Face-Swapping with Smoothness11 Dec 2021
- 2021Causal Representation Learning for Context-Aware Face Transfer4 Oct 2021
- 2021DeepFakes: Detecting Forged and Synthetic Media Content Using Machine Learning7 Sep 2021
- 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detection15 Aug 2021
- 2021ShapeEditer: a StyleGAN Encoder for Face Swapping26 Jun 2021
- 2021SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swapping11 Jun 2021
- 2021M2TR: Multi-modal Multi-scale Transformers for Deepfake Detection20 Apr 2021
- 2021Metric Learning for Anti-Compression Facial Forgery Detection15 Mar 2021
- 2021Deepfake Videos in the Wild: Analysis and Detection7 Mar 2021
- 2021Multi-attentional Deepfake Detection3 Mar 2021
- 2021Countering Malicious DeepFakes: Survey, Battleground, and Horizon27 Feb 2021
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forward25 Feb 2021
- 2021Deepfake Video Detection Using Convolutional Vision Transformer22 Feb 2021
- 2023Multimodal-driven Talking Face Generation via a Unified Diffusion-based Generatorcited by 9
- 2023Text-image guided Diffusion Model for generating Deepfake celebrity interactionscited by 8
- 2024Diffusion Deepfakecited by 8
- 2024Fake Artificial Intelligence Generated Contents (FAIGC): A Survey of Theories, Detection Methods, and Opportunitiescited by 7
- 2026Towards High Fidelity Face Swapping: A Comprehensive Survey and New Benchmarkcited by 1
- 2026Towards High Fidelity Face Swapping: A Comprehensive Survey and New Benchmark27 Apr 2026
- 2024Fake Artificial Intelligence Generated Contents (FAIGC): A Survey of Theories, Detection Methods, and Opportunities25 Apr 2024
- 2024Diffusion Deepfake2 Apr 2024
- 2023Text-image guided Diffusion Model for generating Deepfake celebrity interactions26 Sep 2023
- 2023Multimodal-driven Talking Face Generation via a Unified Diffusion-based Generator4 May 2023
- 2021Multi-attentional Deepfake Detectioncited by 339
- 2021SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 243
- 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 158
- 2021M2TR: Multi-modal Multi-scale Transformers for Deepfake Detectioncited by 114
- 2022Protecting Celebrities from DeepFake with Identity Consistency Transformercited by 95
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
- 2021Deepfake Video Detection Using Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 79
- 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
- 2022High-resolution Face Swapping via Latent Semantics Disentanglementcited by 57
- 2021Countering Malicious DeepFakes: Survey, Battleground, and Horizoncited by 56
- 2022Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Survey from the Reliability Perspectivecited by 48
- 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
12 most cited of 45 All 45 (JSON)
- 2025Gradient-Guided Exploration of Generative Model's Latent Space for Controlled Iris Image Augmentations12 Nov 2025
- 2025HairCUP: Hair Compositional Universal Prior for 3D Gaussian Avatars25 Jul 2025
- 2025De-Fake: Style based Anomaly Deepfake Detection4 Jul 2025
- 2024FaceTracer: Unveiling Source Identities from Swapped Face Images and Videos for Fraud Prevention11 Dec 2024
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlook29 Nov 2024
- 2024ReSyncer: Rewiring Style-based Generator for Unified Audio-Visually Synced Facial Performer6 Aug 2024
- 2024A Large-scale Universal Evaluation Benchmark For Face Forgery Detection13 Jun 2024
- 2024Principles of Designing Robust Remote Face Anti-Spoofing Systems6 Jun 2024
- 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Survey26 Mar 2024
- 2024Deepfake Detection without Deepfakes: Generalization via Synthetic Frequency Patterns Injection20 Mar 2024
- 2024Deepfake for the Good: Generating Avatars through Face-Swapping with Implicit Deepfake Generation9 Feb 2024
- 2023Individualized Deepfake Detection Exploiting Traces Due to Double Neural-Network Operations13 Dec 2023
12 newest of 45 All 45 (JSON)