mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DFIL: Deepfake Incremental Learning by Exploiting Domain-invariant Forgery Clues

arXiv 2309.09526 ↗First posted 18 Sep 2023cs.CV cs.AIcited by 23

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Abstract (arXiv)

The malicious use and widespread dissemination of deepfake pose a significant crisis of trust. Current deepfake detection models can generally recognize forgery images by training on a large dataset. However, the accuracy of detection models degrades significantly on images generated by new deepfake methods due to the difference in data distribution. To tackle this issue, we present a novel incremental learning framework that improves the generalization of deepfake detection models by continual learning from a small number of new samples. To cope with different data distributions, we propose to learn a domain-invariant representation based on supervised contrastive learning, preventing overfit to the insufficient new data. To mitigate catastrophic forgetting, we regularize our model in both feature-level and label-level based on a multi-perspective knowledge distillation approach. Finally, we propose to select both central and hard representative samples to update the replay set, which is beneficial for both domain-invariant representation learning and rehearsal-based knowledge preserving. We conduct extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets, obtaining the new state-of-the-art average forgetting rate of 7.01 and average accuracy of 85.49 on FF++, DFDC-P, DFD, and CDF2. Our code is released at https://github.com/DeepFakeIL/DFIL.

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 54 of its 80 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2023.

Builds on

54 of 80 references.

References · 54

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 11,979
  3. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
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38 more
  1. 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,095
  2. 2017PackNet: Adding Multiple Tasks to a Single Network by Iterative Pruningcited by 882
  3. 2020Face2Face: Real-time Face Capture and Reenactment of RGB Videoscited by 631
  4. 2019Celeb-DF: A Large-scale Challenging Dataset for DeepFake Forensicscited by 573
  5. 2020Thinking in Frequency: Face Forgery Detection by Mining Frequency-aware Cluescited by 518
  6. 2020Leveraging Frequency Analysis for Deep Fake Image Recognitioncited by 501
  7. 2019Face X-ray for More General Face Forgery Detectioncited by 469
  8. 2021DER: Dynamically Expandable Representation for Class Incremental Learningcited by 355
  9. 2021Multi-attentional Deepfake Detectioncited by 339
  10. 2022Detecting Deepfakes with Self-Blended Imagescited by 332
  11. 2019FSGAN: Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactmentcited by 319
  12. 2018Exposing Deep Fakes Using Inconsistent Head Posescited by 294
  13. 2020Lips Don't Lie: A Generalisable and Robust Approach to Face Forgery Detectioncited by 286
  14. 2021Rainbow Memory: Continual Learning with a Memory of Diverse Samplescited by 273
  15. 2021Generalizing Face Forgery Detection with High-frequency Featurescited by 261
  16. 2021SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 243
  17. 2020Semantic Drift Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 241
  18. 2021Spatial-Phase Shallow Learning: Rethinking Face Forgery Detection in Frequency Domaincited by 241
  19. 2019FaceShifter: Towards High Fidelity And Occlusion Aware Face Swappingcited by 221
  20. 2019The Deepfake Detection Challenge (DFDC) Preview Datasetcited by 208
  21. 2021Few-Shot Incremental Learning with Continually Evolved Classifierscited by 184
  22. 2022Self-supervised Learning of Adversarial Example: Towards Good Generalizations for Deepfake Detectioncited by 172
  23. 2021Supervised Contrastive Replay: Revisiting the Nearest Class Mean Classifier in Online Class-Incremental Continual Learningcited by 140
  24. 2021Frequency-aware Discriminative Feature Learning Supervised by Single-Center Loss for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 133
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  38. 2021DeepfakeUCL: Deepfake Detection via Unsupervised Contrastive Learningcited by 20

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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 5; 2025: 11; 2026: 6.

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  1. 2024Exposing the Deception: Uncovering More Forgery Clues for Deepfake Detectioncited by 47
  2. 2024Stacking Brick by Brick: Aligned Feature Isolation for Incremental Face Forgery Detectioncited by 16
  3. 2024Continuous fake media detection: adapting deepfake detectors to new generative techniquescited by 6
  4. 2023FLTracer: Accurate Poisoning Attack Provenance in Federated Learningcited by 4
  5. 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
  6. 2025Harnessing Frequency Spectrum Insights for Image Copyright Protection Against Diffusion Modelscited by 4
  7. 2025SAIDO: Generalizable Detection of AI-Generated Images via Scene-Aware and Importance-Guided Dynamic Optimization in Continual Learningcited by 4
  8. 2025DevFD: Developmental Face Forgery Detection by Learning Shared and Orthogonal LoRA Subspacescited by 3
  9. 2026Generalizable and Adaptive Continual Learning Framework for AI-generated Image Detectioncited by 3
  10. 2024GRACE: Graph-Regularized Attentive Convolutional Entanglement with Laplacian Smoothing for Robust DeepFake Video Detectioncited by 1
  11. 2025Think Twice before Adaptation: Improving Adaptability of DeepFake Detection via Online Test-Time Adaptationcited by 1
  12. 2025Unifying Locality of KANs and Feature Drift Compensation Projection for Data-free Replay based Continual Face Forgery Detectioncited by 1
11 more
  1. 2025UMCL: Unimodal-generated Multimodal Contrastive Learning for Cross-compression-rate Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
  2. 2025A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the Real Worldcited by 1
  3. 2025Revisiting Deepfake Detection: Chronological Continual Learning and the Limits of Generalizationcited by 0
  4. 2025When Generative Replay Meets Evolving Deepfakes: Dual Confusion-Aware Regularization for Incremental Face Forgery Detectioncited by 0
  5. 2025Beyond Binary Classification: A Semi-supervised Approach to Generalized AI-generated Image Detectioncited by 0
  6. 2025Towards Robust DeepFake Detection under Unstable Face Sequences: Adaptive Sparse Graph Embedding with Order-Free Representation and Explicit Laplacian Spectral Priorcited by 0
  7. 2026Face-D(^2)CL: Multi-Domain Synergistic Representation with Dual Continual Learning for Facial DeepFake Detectioncited by 0
  8. 2026AIFIND: Artifact-Aware Interpreting Fine-Grained Alignment for Incremental Face Forgery Detectioncited by 0
  9. 2026Unveiling Deepfakes: A Frequency-Aware Triple Branch Network for Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
  10. 2026DECODE: Tackling Representation and Decision Degradation in Continual AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 0
  11. 2026Preserving Knowledge across Space and Time for Continual Video Deepfake Detectioncited by 0