All in One: Unifying Deepfake Detection, Tampering Localization, and Source Tracing with a Robust Landmark-Identity Watermark
On the map: LLM safety and security → Watermarking generated content and models
Abstract (arXiv)
With the rapid advancement of deepfake technology, malicious face manipulations pose a significant threat to personal privacy and social security. However, existing proactive forensics methods typically treat deepfake detection, tampering localization, and source tracing as independent tasks, lacking a unified framework to address them jointly. To bridge this gap, we propose a unified proactive forensics framework that jointly addresses these three core tasks. Our core framework adopts an innovative 152-dimensional landmark-identity watermark termed LIDMark, which structurally interweaves facial landmarks with a unique source identifier. To robustly extract the LIDMark, we design a novel Factorized-Head Decoder (FHD). Its architecture factorizes the shared backbone features into two specialized heads (i.e., regression and classification), robustly reconstructing the embedded landmarks and identifier, respectively, even when subjected to severe distortion or tampering. This design realizes an "all-in-one" trifunctional forensic solution: the regression head underlies an "intrinsic-extrinsic" consistency check for detection and localization, while the classification head robustly decodes the source identifier for tracing. Extensive experiments show that the proposed LIDMark framework provides a unified, robust, and imperceptible solution for the detection, localization, and tracing of deepfake content. The code is available at https://github.com/vpsg-research/LIDMark.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Watermarking generated content and models, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 30 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Feb 2026.
Builds on
30 of 48 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Uncovering and Mitigating Destructive Multi-Embedding Attacks in Deepfake Proactive Forensics24 Aug
- 2025DiffMark: Diffusion-based Robust Watermark Against Deepfakes2 Jul
- 2024LampMark: Proactive Deepfake Detection via Training-Free Landmark Perceptual Watermarks26 Nov
- 2024InvisMark: Invisible and Robust Watermarking for AI-generated Image Provenance10 Nov
- 2023Robust Identity Perceptual Watermark Against Deepfake Face Swapping2 Nov
- 2023SepMark: Deep Separable Watermarking for Unified Source Tracing and Deepfake Detection10 May
Other references · 24
- 2013Intriguing properties of neural networkscited by 5,114
- 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
- 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,095
- 2019StarGAN v2: Diverse Image Synthesis for Multiple Domainscited by 1,095
- 2017How far are we from solving the 2D & 3D Face Alignment problem? (and a dataset of 230,000 3D facial landmarks)cited by 524
- 2018HiDDeN: Hiding Data With Deep Networkscited by 384
- 2020The Creation and Detection of Deepfakes: A Surveycited by 246
- 2021SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 243
- 2020DeepFakes and Beyond: A Survey of Face Manipulation and Fake Detectioncited by 231
- 2017Embedding Watermarks into Deep Neural Networkscited by 227
- 2023EditGuard: Versatile Image Watermarking for Tamper Localization and Copyright Protectioncited by 109
- 2021MBRS : Enhancing Robustness of DNN-based Watermarking by Mini-Batch of Real and Simulated JPEG Compressioncited by 108
12 more
- 2020Disrupting Deepfakes: Adversarial Attacks Against Conditional Image Translation Networks and Facial Manipulation Systemscited by 65
- 2022Towards Blind Watermarking: Combining Invertible and Non-invertible Mechanismscited by 61
- 2021Deepfake Detection by Human Crowds, Machines, and Machine-informed Crowdscited by 58
- 2022Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Survey from the Reliability Perspectivecited by 48
- 2024Exposing the Deception: Uncovering More Forgery Clues for Deepfake Detectioncited by 47
- 2020FakeTagger: Robust Safeguards against DeepFake Dissemination via Provenance Trackingcited by 46
- 2022Anti-Forgery: Towards a Stealthy and Robust DeepFake Disruption Attack via Adversarial Perceptual-aware Perturbationscited by 39
- 2022Proactive Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 35
- 2022Exposing Deepfake Face Forgeries with Guided Residualscited by 17
- 2021FaceGuard: Proactive Deepfake Detectioncited by 16
- 2025WaveGuard: Robust Deepfake Detection and Source Tracing via Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet and Graph Neural Networkscited by 5
- 2025Face Deepfakes -- A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.
2 papers.