mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Fast Face-swap Using Convolutional Neural Networks

arXiv 1611.09577 ↗First posted 29 Nov 2016cs.CVcited by 119

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Abstract (arXiv)

We consider the problem of face swapping in images, where an input identity is transformed into a target identity while preserving pose, facial expression, and lighting. To perform this mapping, we use convolutional neural networks trained to capture the appearance of the target identity from an unstructured collection of his/her photographs.This approach is enabled by framing the face swapping problem in terms of style transfer, where the goal is to render an image in the style of another one. Building on recent advances in this area, we devise a new loss function that enables the network to produce highly photorealistic results. By combining neural networks with simple pre- and post-processing steps, we aim at making face swap work in real-time with no input from the user.

Key facts. Cited by 119 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Nov 2016.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 26; 2022: 22; 2023: 24; 2024: 21; 2025: 16; 2026: 10.

119 papers.

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  1. 2021SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 243
  2. 2021Spatial-Phase Shallow Learning: Rethinking Face Forgery Detection in Frequency Domaincited by 241
  3. 2021FakeAVCeleb: A Novel Audio-Video Multimodal Deepfake Datasetcited by 179
  4. 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 158
  5. 2021One Shot Face Swapping on Megapixelscited by 105
  6. 2022Protecting Celebrities from DeepFake with Identity Consistency Transformercited by 95
  7. 2023Self-Supervised Video Forensics by Audio-Visual Anomaly Detectioncited by 84
  8. 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
  9. 2022CORE: Consistent Representation Learning for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 73
  10. 2024Detecting Multimedia Generated by Large AI Models: A Surveycited by 73
  11. 2022Fine-Grained Face Swapping via Regional GAN Inversioncited by 67
  12. 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
38 more
  1. 2024AVFF: Audio-Visual Feature Fusion for Video Deepfake Detectioncited by 59
  2. 2022High-resolution Face Swapping via Latent Semantics Disentanglementcited by 57
  3. 2023LatentAvatar: Learning Latent Expression Code for Expressive Neural Head Avatarcited by 50
  4. 2021FReTAL: Generalizing Deepfake Detection using Knowledge Distillation and Representation Learningcited by 43
  5. 2022Audio-Visual Person-of-Interest DeepFake Detectioncited by 43
  6. 2023Glitch in the Matrix: A Large Scale Benchmark for Content Driven Audio-Visual Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 42
  7. 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
  8. 2021Initiative Defense against Facial Manipulationcited by 36
  9. 2022On Improving Cross-dataset Generalization of Deepfake Detectorscited by 34
  10. 2021Evaluation of an Audio-Video Multimodal Deepfake Dataset using Unimodal and Multimodal Detectorscited by 32
  11. 2021Towards Solving the DeepFake Problem : An Analysis on Improving DeepFake Detection using Dynamic Face Augmentationcited by 25
  12. 2022Restricted Black-box Adversarial Attack Against DeepFake Face Swappingcited by 25
  13. 2021Exploring Adversarial Fake Images on Face Manifoldcited by 24
  14. 2021A Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning-based Single Image Super-resolutioncited by 23
  15. 2021Deepfake Videos in the Wild: Analysis and Detectioncited by 23
  16. 2023DFIL: Deepfake Incremental Learning by Exploiting Domain-invariant Forgery Cluescited by 23
  17. 2024Circumventing shortcuts in audio-visual deepfake detection datasets with unsupervised learningcited by 23
  18. 2024LampMark: Proactive Deepfake Detection via Training-Free Landmark Perceptual Watermarkscited by 21
  19. 2023Detecting Deepfakes Without Seeing Anycited by 17
  20. 2024Exposing Lip-syncing Deepfakes from Mouth Inconsistenciescited by 15
  21. 2022My Face My Choice: Privacy Enhancing Deepfakes for Social Media Anonymizationcited by 14
  22. 2022Learning Disentangled Representation for One-shot Progressive Face Swappingcited by 12
  23. 2023GenConViT: Deepfake Video Detection Using Generative Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 12
  24. 2021UniFaceGAN: A Unified Framework for Temporally Consistent Facial Video Editingcited by 11
  25. 2021GCA-Net : Utilizing Gated Context Attention for Improving Image Forgery Localization and Detectioncited by 11
  26. 2023Face Transformer: Towards High Fidelity and Accurate Face Swappingcited by 11
  27. 2023Reinforced Disentanglement for Face Swapping without Skip Connectioncited by 10
  28. 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlookcited by 10
  29. 2021Metric Learning for Anti-Compression Facial Forgery Detectioncited by 9
  30. 2021Markpainting: Adversarial Machine Learning meets Inpaintingcited by 9
  31. 2023Information-containing Adversarial Perturbation for Combating Facial Manipulation Systemscited by 9
  32. 2023Deepfake detection by exploiting surface anomalies: the SurFake approachcited by 9
  33. 2024Masked Conditional Diffusion Model for Enhancing Deepfake Detectioncited by 9
  34. 2023ReliableSwap: Boosting General Face Swapping Via Reliable Supervisioncited by 8
  35. 2023AVTENet: A Human-Cognition-Inspired Audio-Visual Transformer-Based Ensemble Network for Video Deepfake Detectioncited by 8
  36. 2023E4S: Fine-grained Face Swapping via Editing With Regional GAN Inversioncited by 8
  37. 2024Diffusion Deepfakecited by 8
  38. 2025NullSwap: Proactive Identity Cloaking Against Deepfake Face Swappingcited by 8

50 most cited of 119 All 119 (JSON)