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Semantic Drift Compensation for Class-Incremental Learning

arXiv 2004.00440 ↗First posted 1 Apr 2020cs.CV cs.LGcited by 241

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Abstract (arXiv)

Class-incremental learning of deep networks sequentially increases the number of classes to be classified. During training, the network has only access to data of one task at a time, where each task contains several classes. In this setting, networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting which refers to the drastic drop in performance on previous tasks. The vast majority of methods have studied this scenario for classification networks, where for each new task the classification layer of the network must be augmented with additional weights to make room for the newly added classes. Embedding networks have the advantage that new classes can be naturally included into the network without adding new weights. Therefore, we study incremental learning for embedding networks. In addition, we propose a new method to estimate the drift, called semantic drift, of features and compensate for it without the need of any exemplars. We approximate the drift of previous tasks based on the drift that is experienced by current task data. We perform experiments on fine-grained datasets, CIFAR100 and ImageNet-Subset. We demonstrate that embedding networks suffer significantly less from catastrophic forgetting. We outperform existing methods which do not require exemplars and obtain competitive results compared to methods which store exemplars. Furthermore, we show that our proposed SDC when combined with existing methods to prevent forgetting consistently improves results.

Key facts. Cited by 241 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 32; 2022: 39; 2023: 60; 2024: 49; 2025: 35; 2026: 26.

241 papers.

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  1. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
  2. 2021DER: Dynamically Expandable Representation for Class Incremental Learningcited by 355
  3. 2022S-Prompts Learning with Pre-trained Transformers: An Occam's Razor for Domain Incremental Learningcited by 246
  4. 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 242
  5. 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
  6. 2021Few-Shot Incremental Learning with Continually Evolved Classifierscited by 184
  7. 2023Revisiting Class-Incremental Learning with Pre-Trained Models: Generalizability and Adaptivity are All You Needcited by 183
  8. 2022A Model or 603 Exemplars: Towards Memory-Efficient Class-Incremental Learningcited by 152
  9. 2021Supervised Contrastive Replay: Revisiting the Nearest Class Mean Classifier in Online Class-Incremental Continual Learningcited by 140
  10. 2022Class-Incremental Continual Learning into the eXtended DER-versecited by 121
  11. 2022FeTrIL: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 120
  12. 2021Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Incremental Few-Shot Learning by Finding Flat Minimacited by 118
38 more
  1. 2022Self-Sustaining Representation Expansion for Non-Exemplar Class-Incremental Learningcited by 118
  2. 2024Expandable Subspace Ensemble for Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental Learningcited by 115
  3. 2021Self-Promoted Prototype Refinement for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 95
  4. 2022Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning by Sampling Multi-Phase Taskscited by 87
  5. 2023FeCAM: Exploiting the Heterogeneity of Class Distributions in Exemplar-Free Continual Learningcited by 86
  6. 2021On Learning the Geodesic Path for Incremental Learningcited by 85
  7. 2022Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning from an Open-Set Perspectivecited by 83
  8. 2023Learning without Forgetting for Vision-Language Modelscited by 79
  9. 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 73
  10. 2022Representation Compensation Networks for Continual Semantic Segmentationcited by 72
  11. 2023RMM: Reinforced Memory Management for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 66
  12. 2022R-DFCIL: Relation-Guided Representation Learning for Data-Free Class Incremental Learningcited by 59
  13. 2021Essentials for Class Incremental Learningcited by 57
  14. 2022ACIL: Analytic Class-Incremental Learning with Absolute Memorization and Privacy Protectioncited by 56
  15. 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
  16. 2022A Closer Look at Rehearsal-Free Continual Learningcited by 54
  17. 2021Efficient Feature Transformations for Discriminative and Generative Continual Learningcited by 50
  18. 2023First Session Adaptation: A Strong Replay-Free Baseline for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 46
  19. 2022A Continual Deepfake Detection Benchmark: Dataset, Methods, and Essentialscited by 45
  20. 2022Transfer without Forgettingcited by 44
  21. 2023When Prompt-based Incremental Learning Does Not Meet Strong Pretrainingcited by 41
  22. 2022On the Effectiveness of Lipschitz-Driven Rehearsal in Continual Learningcited by 39
  23. 2021Co-Transport for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 38
  24. 2021Continually Learning Self-Supervised Representations with Projected Functional Regularizationcited by 38
  25. 2024Divide and not forget: Ensemble of selectively trained experts in Continual Learningcited by 38
  26. 2024Elastic Feature Consolidation for Cold Start Exemplar-Free Incremental Learningcited by 37
  27. 2023Online Hyperparameter Optimization for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 36
  28. 2024MOS: Model Surgery for Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental Learningcited by 35
  29. 2023Prototype-Sample Relation Distillation: Towards Replay-Free Continual Learningcited by 34
  30. 2021Generalized and Incremental Few-Shot Learning by Explicit Learning and Calibration without Forgettingcited by 33
  31. 2024Towards Efficient Replay in Federated Incremental Learningcited by 33
  32. 2024Resurrecting Old Classes with New Data for Exemplar-Free Continual Learningcited by 33
  33. 2023Augmented Box Replay: Overcoming Foreground Shift for Incremental Object Detectioncited by 32
  34. 2022Memorizing Complementation Network for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 30
  35. 2024Exemplar-free Continual Representation Learning via Learnable Drift Compensationcited by 30
  36. 2025Language Guided Concept Bottleneck Models for Interpretable Continual Learningcited by 28
  37. 2022Learning Bayesian Sparse Networks with Full Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 27
  38. 2021GP-Tree: A Gaussian Process Classifier for Few-Shot Incremental Learningcited by 26

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