Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overview
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Abstract (arXiv)
In contrast to batch learning where all training data is available at once, continual learning represents a family of methods that accumulate knowledge and learn continuously with data available in sequential order. Similar to the human learning process with the ability of learning, fusing, and accumulating new knowledge coming at different time steps, continual learning is considered to have high practical significance. Hence, continual learning has been studied in various artificial intelligence tasks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent progress of continual learning in computer vision. In particular, the works are grouped by their representative techniques, including regularization, knowledge distillation, memory, generative replay, parameter isolation, and a combination of the above techniques. For each category of these techniques, both its characteristics and applications in computer vision are presented. At the end of this overview, several subareas, where continuous knowledge accumulation is potentially helpful while continual learning has not been well studied, are discussed.
Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 183 of its 354 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Sep 2021.
Builds on
183 of 354 references.
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38 more
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50 most cited of 183 All 183 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 7; 2023: 13; 2024: 12; 2025: 16; 2026: 7.
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- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
- 2022Transformers in Medical Imaging: A Surveycited by 245
- 2022Continual Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks: A Surveycited by 83
- 2022How catastrophic can catastrophic forgetting be in linear regression?cited by 80
- 2024Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Surveycited by 46
- 2024Recent Advances of Multimodal Continual Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 39
- 2023The Ideal Continual Learner: An Agent That Never Forgetscited by 34
- 2023Visual Tuningcited by 34
- 2023Neuro-Symbolic Continual Learning: Knowledge, Reasoning Shortcuts and Concept Rehearsalcited by 33
- 2022How to Reuse and Compose Knowledge for a Lifetime of Tasks: A Survey on Continual Learning and Functional Compositioncited by 27
- 2022Continual Object Detection: A review of definitions, strategies, and challengescited by 25
- 2023Continual Learning in Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements and Future Prospectscited by 22
38 more
- 2024Generative Multi-modal Models are Good Class-Incremental Learnerscited by 22
- 2023Multimodal Parameter-Efficient Few-Shot Class Incremental Learningcited by 19
- 2025Lightweight Online Adaption for Time Series Foundation Model Forecastscited by 14
- 2023Inherit with Distillation and Evolve with Contrast: Exploring Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation Without Exemplar Memorycited by 12
- 2024Continual Learning on Graphs: A Surveycited by 11
- 2023Continual Learning for Predictive Maintenance: Overview and Challengescited by 10
- 2025Learning from Streaming Video with Orthogonal Gradientscited by 9
- 2022Susceptibility of Continual Learning Against Adversarial Attackscited by 8
- 2024SCARF: Scalable Continual Learning Framework for Memory-efficient Multiple Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 8
- 2023DOCTOR: A Multi-Disease Detection Continual Learning Framework Based on Wearable Medical Sensorscited by 7
- 2023POP: Prompt Of Prompts for Continual Learningcited by 7
- 2024Continual Learning with Neuromorphic Computing: Foundations, Methods, and Emerging Applicationscited by 7
- 2024Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Tabular Data Classification: A Pseudorehearsal-based approachcited by 5
- 2025Memory-Statistics Tradeoff in Continual Learning with Structural Regularizationcited by 4
- 2023ECG-CL: A Comprehensive Electrocardiogram Interpretation Method Based on Continual Learningcited by 3
- 2023Taxonomic Class Incremental Learningcited by 3
- 2024Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting by Exemplar Selection in Task-oriented Dialogue Systemcited by 3
- 2024A Parameter-efficient Language Extension Framework for Multilingual ASRcited by 3
- 2024A Retention-Centric Framework for Continual Learning with Guaranteed Model Developmental Safetycited by 3
- 2022Continual Learning for Human State Monitoringcited by 2
- 2025Foundations of a Developmental Design Paradigm for Integrated Continual Learning, Deliberative Behavior, and Comprehensibilitycited by 2
- 2025Exploiting Task Relationships in Continual Learning via Transferability-Aware Task Embeddingscited by 1
- 2025No Forgetting Learning: Buffer-free Continual Learning Classificationcited by 1
- 2025Continual Speech Learning with Fused Speech Featurescited by 1
- 2025CRAM: Large-scale Video Continual Learning with Bootstrapped Compressioncited by 1
- 2023Delta-Patching: A Framework for Rapid Adaptation of Pre-trained Convolutional Networks without Base Performance Losscited by 0
- 2024PAGE: Domain-Incremental Adaptation with Past-Agnostic Generative Replay for Smart Healthcarecited by 0
- 2024Local vs Global continual learningcited by 0
- 2025A Proposal for Networks Capable of Continual Learningcited by 0
- 2025Active Learning Methods for Efficient Data Utilization and Model Performance Enhancementcited by 0
- 2025UrbanMind: Towards Urban General Intelligence via Tool-Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Multilevel Optimizationcited by 0
- 2025MEGG: Replay via Maximally Extreme GGscore in Incremental Learning for Neural Recommendation Modelscited by 0
- 2025DRL: Discriminative Representation Learning with Parallel Adapters for Class Incremental Learningcited by 0
- 2025Data Efficiency and Transfer Robustness in Biomedical Image Segmentation: A Study of Redundancy and Forgetting with Cellposecited by 0
- 2025Adversarial Pseudo-replay for Exemplar-free Class-incremental Learningcited by 0
- 2025InvCoSS: Inversion-driven Continual Self-supervised Learning in Medical Multi-modal Image Pre-trainingcited by 0
- 2026DELNet: Continuous All-in-One Weather Removal via Dynamic Expert Librarycited by 0
- 2026CLeAN: Continual Learning Adaptive Normalization in Dynamic Environmentscited by 0
50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026Restoring without Forgetting: Filter-Level Continual Image Restoration via Parameter-Space Integrated Gradients29 Sep 2026
- 2026An Empirical Analysis of Continual Learning for Heterogeneous Medical Visual Question Answering13 Jul 2026
- 2026Hybrid Continual Learning for Low-Resource Australian Aboriginal Language Identification11 Jul 2026
- 2026Attention-based Experience Replay Framework for Continual Learning of Agnostic Time Series Forecasting Models12 Jun 2026
- 2026Shapley Neuron Values for Continual Learning: Which Neurons Matter Most?15 May 2026
- 2026CLeAN: Continual Learning Adaptive Normalization in Dynamic Environments18 Mar 2026
- 2026DELNet: Continuous All-in-One Weather Removal via Dynamic Expert Library30 Jan 2026
- 2025InvCoSS: Inversion-driven Continual Self-supervised Learning in Medical Multi-modal Image Pre-training22 Dec 2025
- 2025Adversarial Pseudo-replay for Exemplar-free Class-incremental Learning22 Nov 2025
- 2025Data Efficiency and Transfer Robustness in Biomedical Image Segmentation: A Study of Redundancy and Forgetting with Cellpose6 Nov 2025
- 2025DRL: Discriminative Representation Learning with Parallel Adapters for Class Incremental Learning14 Oct 2025
- 2025MEGG: Replay via Maximally Extreme GGscore in Incremental Learning for Neural Recommendation Models9 Sep 2025
38 more
- 2025CRAM: Large-scale Video Continual Learning with Bootstrapped Compression7 Aug 2025
- 2025UrbanMind: Towards Urban General Intelligence via Tool-Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Multilevel Optimization7 Jul 2025
- 2025Continual Speech Learning with Fused Speech Features2 Jun 2025
- 2025Active Learning Methods for Efficient Data Utilization and Model Performance Enhancement21 Apr 2025
- 2025Memory-Statistics Tradeoff in Continual Learning with Structural Regularization5 Apr 2025
- 2025Learning from Streaming Video with Orthogonal Gradients2 Apr 2025
- 2025A Proposal for Networks Capable of Continual Learning28 Mar 2025
- 2025No Forgetting Learning: Buffer-free Continual Learning Classification6 Mar 2025
- 2025Foundations of a Developmental Design Paradigm for Integrated Continual Learning, Deliberative Behavior, and Comprehensibility19 Feb 2025
- 2025Lightweight Online Adaption for Time Series Foundation Model Forecasts18 Feb 2025
- 2025Exploiting Task Relationships in Continual Learning via Transferability-Aware Task Embeddings17 Feb 2025
- 2024Continual Learning with Neuromorphic Computing: Foundations, Methods, and Emerging Applications11 Oct 2024
- 2024Recent Advances of Multimodal Continual Learning: A Comprehensive Survey7 Oct 2024
- 2024A Retention-Centric Framework for Continual Learning with Guaranteed Model Developmental Safety4 Oct 2024
- 2024SCARF: Scalable Continual Learning Framework for Memory-efficient Multiple Neural Radiance Fields6 Sep 2024
- 2024Local vs Global continual learning23 Jul 2024
- 2024Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Tabular Data Classification: A Pseudorehearsal-based approach12 Jul 2024
- 2024A Parameter-efficient Language Extension Framework for Multilingual ASR10 Jun 2024
- 2024Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Survey28 May 2024
- 2024Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting by Exemplar Selection in Task-oriented Dialogue System16 May 2024
- 2024Generative Multi-modal Models are Good Class-Incremental Learners27 Mar 2024
- 2024PAGE: Domain-Incremental Adaptation with Past-Agnostic Generative Replay for Smart Healthcare13 Mar 2024
- 2024Continual Learning on Graphs: A Survey9 Feb 2024
- 2023Continual Learning in Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements and Future Prospects28 Dec 2023
- 2023Inherit with Distillation and Evolve with Contrast: Exploring Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation Without Exemplar Memory27 Sep 2023
- 2023POP: Prompt Of Prompts for Continual Learning14 Jun 2023
- 2023Visual Tuning10 May 2023
- 2023DOCTOR: A Multi-Disease Detection Continual Learning Framework Based on Wearable Medical Sensors9 May 2023
- 2023The Ideal Continual Learner: An Agent That Never Forgets29 Apr 2023
- 2023Taxonomic Class Incremental Learning12 Apr 2023
- 2023ECG-CL: A Comprehensive Electrocardiogram Interpretation Method Based on Continual Learning10 Apr 2023
- 2023Delta-Patching: A Framework for Rapid Adaptation of Pre-trained Convolutional Networks without Base Performance Loss26 Mar 2023
- 2023Multimodal Parameter-Efficient Few-Shot Class Incremental Learning8 Mar 2023
- 2023Neuro-Symbolic Continual Learning: Knowledge, Reasoning Shortcuts and Concept Rehearsal2 Feb 2023
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Application31 Jan 2023
- 2023Continual Learning for Predictive Maintenance: Overview and Challenges29 Jan 2023
- 2022Continual Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks: A Survey23 Nov 2022
- 2022How to Reuse and Compose Knowledge for a Lifetime of Tasks: A Survey on Continual Learning and Functional Composition15 Jul 2022
50 newest of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
- 2022Transformers in Medical Imaging: A Surveycited by 245
- 2022Continual Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks: A Surveycited by 83
- 2022How catastrophic can catastrophic forgetting be in linear regression?cited by 80
- 2024Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Surveycited by 46
- 2024Recent Advances of Multimodal Continual Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 39
- 2023The Ideal Continual Learner: An Agent That Never Forgetscited by 34
- 2023Visual Tuningcited by 34
- 2023Neuro-Symbolic Continual Learning: Knowledge, Reasoning Shortcuts and Concept Rehearsalcited by 33
- 2022How to Reuse and Compose Knowledge for a Lifetime of Tasks: A Survey on Continual Learning and Functional Compositioncited by 27
- 2022Continual Object Detection: A review of definitions, strategies, and challengescited by 25
- 2023Continual Learning in Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements and Future Prospectscited by 22
12 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2026Restoring without Forgetting: Filter-Level Continual Image Restoration via Parameter-Space Integrated Gradients29 Sep 2026
- 2026An Empirical Analysis of Continual Learning for Heterogeneous Medical Visual Question Answering13 Jul 2026
- 2026Hybrid Continual Learning for Low-Resource Australian Aboriginal Language Identification11 Jul 2026
- 2026Attention-based Experience Replay Framework for Continual Learning of Agnostic Time Series Forecasting Models12 Jun 2026
- 2026Shapley Neuron Values for Continual Learning: Which Neurons Matter Most?15 May 2026
- 2026CLeAN: Continual Learning Adaptive Normalization in Dynamic Environments18 Mar 2026
- 2026DELNet: Continuous All-in-One Weather Removal via Dynamic Expert Library30 Jan 2026
- 2025InvCoSS: Inversion-driven Continual Self-supervised Learning in Medical Multi-modal Image Pre-training22 Dec 2025
- 2025Adversarial Pseudo-replay for Exemplar-free Class-incremental Learning22 Nov 2025
- 2025Data Efficiency and Transfer Robustness in Biomedical Image Segmentation: A Study of Redundancy and Forgetting with Cellpose6 Nov 2025
- 2025DRL: Discriminative Representation Learning with Parallel Adapters for Class Incremental Learning14 Oct 2025
- 2025MEGG: Replay via Maximally Extreme GGscore in Incremental Learning for Neural Recommendation Models9 Sep 2025
12 newest of 54 All 54 (JSON)