Efficient Feature Transformations for Discriminative and Generative Continual Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
As neural networks are increasingly being applied to real-world applications, mechanisms to address distributional shift and sequential task learning without forgetting are critical. Methods incorporating network expansion have shown promise by naturally adding model capacity for learning new tasks while simultaneously avoiding catastrophic forgetting. However, the growth in the number of additional parameters of many of these types of methods can be computationally expensive at larger scales, at times prohibitively so. Instead, we propose a simple task-specific feature map transformation strategy for continual learning, which we call Efficient Feature Transformations (EFTs). These EFTs provide powerful flexibility for learning new tasks, achieved with minimal parameters added to the base architecture. We further propose a feature distance maximization strategy, which significantly improves task prediction in class incremental settings, without needing expensive generative models. We demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our method with an extensive set of experiments in discriminative (CIFAR-100 and ImageNet-1K) and generative (LSUN, CUB-200, Cats) sequences of tasks. Even with low single-digit parameter growth rates, EFTs can outperform many other continual learning methods in a wide range of settings.
Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2021.
Builds on
45 of 69 references.
References · 45
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
- 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,860
- 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
- 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,827
- 2016Aggregated Residual Transformations for Deep Neural Networkscited by 2,540
- 2016Learning without Forgettingcited by 2,465
- 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,313
- 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,871
- 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,350
- 2016Progressive Neural Networkscited by 1,332
33 more
- 2018Continual Lifelong Learning with Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 1,313
- 2017Continual Learning with Deep Generative Replaycited by 1,152
- 2017Memory Aware Synapses: Learning what (not) to forgetcited by 1,094
- 2018Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 1,074
- 2017PackNet: Adding Multiple Tasks to a Single Network by Iterative Pruningcited by 882
- 2018Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigencecited by 734
- 2017Lifelong Learning with Dynamically Expandable Networkscited by 689
- 2018Overcoming catastrophic forgetting with hard attention to the taskcited by 672
- 2020BatchEnsemble: An Alternative Approach to Efficient Ensemble and Lifelong Learningcited by 368
- 2017Variational Continual Learningcited by 335
- 2019Continual learning with hypernetworkscited by 267
- 2017Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting by Incremental Moment Matchingcited by 243
- 2020Semantic Drift Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 241
- 2017StackGAN++: Realistic Image Synthesis with Stacked Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 229
- 2018Re-evaluating Continual Learning Scenarios: A Categorization and Case for Strong Baselinescited by 228
- 2020Supermasks in Superpositioncited by 223
- 2019Compacting, Picking and Growing for Unforgetting Continual Learningcited by 207
- 2018Online Structured Laplace Approximations For Overcoming Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 197
- 2018Reinforced Continual Learningcited by 186
- 2019Class-incremental Learning via Deep Model Consolidationcited by 172
- 2020A Neural Dirichlet Process Mixture Model for Task-Free Continual Learningcited by 133
- 2019Scalable and Order-robust Continual Learning with Additive Parameter Decompositioncited by 125
- 2019A continual learning survey: Defying forgetting in classification taskscited by 118
- 2016Less-forgetting Learning in Deep Neural Networkscited by 97
- 2020iTAML: An Incremental Task-Agnostic Meta-learning Approachcited by 90
- 2020GAN Memory with No Forgettingcited by 84
- 2019Lifelong GAN: Continual Learning for Conditional Image Generationcited by 78
- 2016Inductive Bias of Deep Convolutional Networks through Pooling Geometrycited by 53
- 2020Efficient Architecture Search for Continual Learningcited by 34
- 2019HetConv: Heterogeneous Kernel-Based Convolutions for Deep CNNscited by 16
- 2019Side-Tuning: A Baseline for Network Adaptation via Additive Side Networkscited by 16
- 2020Ternary Feature Masks: zero-forgetting for task-incremental learningcited by 14
- 2018Generative Adversarial Network Training is a Continual Learning Problemcited by 13
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 9; 2023: 18; 2024: 10; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.
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- 2025Incrementally Learning Multiple Diverse Data Domains via Multi-Source Dynamic Expansion Model15 Jan 2025
- 2024RECAST: Reparameterized, Compact weight Adaptation for Sequential Tasks25 Nov 2024
- 2024AWF: Adaptive Weight Fusion for Enhanced Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation13 Sep 2024
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- 2024Harnessing Neural Unit Dynamics for Effective and Scalable Class-Incremental Learning4 Jun 2024
- 2024Confidence-Based Task Prediction in Continual Disease Classification Using Probability Distribution3 Jun 2024
- 2024Convolutional Prompting meets Language Models for Continual Learning29 Mar 2024
- 2024FeTrIL++: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learning with Hill-Climbing12 Mar 2024
- 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgetting8 Mar 2024
- 2024RLPeri: Accelerating Visual Perimetry Test with Reinforcement Learning and Convolutional Feature Extraction8 Mar 2024
- 2024GUIDE: Guidance-based Incremental Learning with Diffusion Models6 Mar 2024
- 2023Continual Learning in Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements and Future Prospects28 Dec 2023
- 2023Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Taxonomy16 Dec 2023
- 2023Efficient Expansion and Gradient Based Task Inference for Replay Free Incremental Learning2 Dec 2023
- 2023Hessian Aware Low-Rank Perturbation for Order-Robust Continual Learning26 Nov 2023
- 2023Inherit with Distillation and Evolve with Contrast: Exploring Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation Without Exemplar Memory27 Sep 2023
- 2023VERSE: Virtual-Gradient Aware Streaming Lifelong Learning with Anytime Inference15 Sep 2023
- 2023LFS-GAN: Lifelong Few-Shot Image Generation23 Aug 2023
- 2023Exemplar-Free Continual Transformer with Convolutions22 Aug 2023
- 2023Continual Face Forgery Detection via Historical Distribution Preserving11 Aug 2023
- 2023CLR: Channel-wise Lightweight Reprogramming for Continual Learning21 Jul 2023
- 2023Complementary Learning Subnetworks for Parameter-Efficient Class-Incremental Learning21 Jun 2023
- 2023IF2Net: Innately Forgetting-Free Networks for Continual Learning18 Jun 2023
- 2023Mode-Aware Continual Learning for Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks19 May 2023
- 2023Deep Lifelong Cross-modal Hashing26 Apr 2023
- 2023Adapter Learning in Pretrained Feature Extractor for Continual Learning of Diseases18 Apr 2023
- 2023Task Difficulty Aware Parameter Allocation & Regularization for Lifelong Learning11 Apr 2023
- 2023Adaptively Integrated Knowledge Distillation and Prediction Uncertainty for Continual Learning18 Jan 2023
- 2023Hierarchical Memory Pool Based Edge Semi-Supervised Continual Learning Method17 Jan 2023
- 2022FeTrIL: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learning23 Nov 2022
- 2022Toward Sustainable Continual Learning: Detection and Knowledge Repurposing of Similar Tasks11 Oct 2022
- 2022PlaStIL: Plastic and Stable Memory-Free Class-Incremental Learning14 Sep 2022
- 2022Discrete Key-Value Bottleneck22 Jul 2022
- 2022Multi-Granularity Regularized Re-Balancing for Class Incremental Learning30 Jun 2022
- 2022Continual evaluation for lifelong learning: Identifying the stability gap26 May 2022
- 2022Continual Learning with Bayesian Model based on a Fixed Pre-trained Feature Extractor28 Apr 2022
- 2022General Incremental Learning with Domain-aware Categorical Representations8 Apr 2022
- 2022Representation Compensation Networks for Continual Semantic Segmentation10 Mar 2022
- 2021Dataset Knowledge Transfer for Class-Incremental Learning without Memory16 Oct 2021
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- 2021Generative Feature-driven Image Replay for Continual Learning9 Jun 2021
- 2022FeTrIL: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 120
- 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 73
- 2022Representation Compensation Networks for Continual Semantic Segmentationcited by 72
- 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
- 2022Continual evaluation for lifelong learning: Identifying the stability gapcited by 55
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- 2022General Incremental Learning with Domain-aware Categorical Representationscited by 26
- 2022Continual Learning with Bayesian Model based on a Fixed Pre-trained Feature Extractorcited by 26
- 2023Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Taxonomycited by 24
- 2023Continual Face Forgery Detection via Historical Distribution Preservingcited by 23
- 2023Continual Learning in Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements and Future Prospectscited by 22
- 2022Discrete Key-Value Bottleneckcited by 18
12 most cited of 47 All 47 (JSON)
- 2026ChainLoRA: Geometry-Preserving Task Vector Merging for Continual Learning in LLMs30 Sep 2026
- 2025CoLoR-GAN: Continual Few-Shot Learning with Low-Rank Adaptation in Generative Adversarial Networks13 Oct 2025
- 2025Model Recycling Framework for Multi-Source Data-Free Supervised Transfer Learning4 Aug 2025
- 2025DPFormer: Dynamic Prompt Transformer for Continual Learning9 Jun 2025
- 2025Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in the Incremental Learning of Medical Images28 Apr 2025
- 2025Self-Controlled Dynamic Expansion Model for Continual Learning14 Apr 2025
- 2025ConSense: Continually Sensing Human Activity with WiFi via Growing and Picking18 Feb 2025
- 2025Incrementally Learning Multiple Diverse Data Domains via Multi-Source Dynamic Expansion Model15 Jan 2025
- 2024RECAST: Reparameterized, Compact weight Adaptation for Sequential Tasks25 Nov 2024
- 2024AWF: Adaptive Weight Fusion for Enhanced Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation13 Sep 2024
- 2024Learning at a Glance: Towards Interpretable Data-limited Continual Semantic Segmentation via Semantic-Invariance Modelling22 Jul 2024
- 2024Harnessing Neural Unit Dynamics for Effective and Scalable Class-Incremental Learning4 Jun 2024
12 newest of 47 All 47 (JSON)