mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Efficient Feature Transformations for Discriminative and Generative Continual Learning

arXiv 2103.13558 ↗First posted 25 Mar 2021cs.LG cs.AI cs.CVcited by 50

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Abstract (arXiv)

As neural networks are increasingly being applied to real-world applications, mechanisms to address distributional shift and sequential task learning without forgetting are critical. Methods incorporating network expansion have shown promise by naturally adding model capacity for learning new tasks while simultaneously avoiding catastrophic forgetting. However, the growth in the number of additional parameters of many of these types of methods can be computationally expensive at larger scales, at times prohibitively so. Instead, we propose a simple task-specific feature map transformation strategy for continual learning, which we call Efficient Feature Transformations (EFTs). These EFTs provide powerful flexibility for learning new tasks, achieved with minimal parameters added to the base architecture. We further propose a feature distance maximization strategy, which significantly improves task prediction in class incremental settings, without needing expensive generative models. We demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our method with an extensive set of experiments in discriminative (CIFAR-100 and ImageNet-1K) and generative (LSUN, CUB-200, Cats) sequences of tasks. Even with low single-digit parameter growth rates, EFTs can outperform many other continual learning methods in a wide range of settings.

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2021.

Builds on

45 of 69 references.

References · 45

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  3. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  4. 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,860
  5. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
  6. 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,827
  7. 2016Aggregated Residual Transformations for Deep Neural Networkscited by 2,540
  8. 2016Learning without Forgettingcited by 2,465
  9. 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,313
  10. 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,871
  11. 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,350
  12. 2016Progressive Neural Networkscited by 1,332
33 more
  1. 2018Continual Lifelong Learning with Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 1,313
  2. 2017Continual Learning with Deep Generative Replaycited by 1,152
  3. 2017Memory Aware Synapses: Learning what (not) to forgetcited by 1,094
  4. 2018Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 1,074
  5. 2017PackNet: Adding Multiple Tasks to a Single Network by Iterative Pruningcited by 882
  6. 2018Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigencecited by 734
  7. 2017Lifelong Learning with Dynamically Expandable Networkscited by 689
  8. 2018Overcoming catastrophic forgetting with hard attention to the taskcited by 672
  9. 2020BatchEnsemble: An Alternative Approach to Efficient Ensemble and Lifelong Learningcited by 368
  10. 2017Variational Continual Learningcited by 335
  11. 2019Continual learning with hypernetworkscited by 267
  12. 2017Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting by Incremental Moment Matchingcited by 243
  13. 2020Semantic Drift Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 241
  14. 2017StackGAN++: Realistic Image Synthesis with Stacked Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 229
  15. 2018Re-evaluating Continual Learning Scenarios: A Categorization and Case for Strong Baselinescited by 228
  16. 2020Supermasks in Superpositioncited by 223
  17. 2019Compacting, Picking and Growing for Unforgetting Continual Learningcited by 207
  18. 2018Online Structured Laplace Approximations For Overcoming Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 197
  19. 2018Reinforced Continual Learningcited by 186
  20. 2019Class-incremental Learning via Deep Model Consolidationcited by 172
  21. 2020A Neural Dirichlet Process Mixture Model for Task-Free Continual Learningcited by 133
  22. 2019Scalable and Order-robust Continual Learning with Additive Parameter Decompositioncited by 125
  23. 2019A continual learning survey: Defying forgetting in classification taskscited by 118
  24. 2016Less-forgetting Learning in Deep Neural Networkscited by 97
  25. 2020iTAML: An Incremental Task-Agnostic Meta-learning Approachcited by 90
  26. 2020GAN Memory with No Forgettingcited by 84
  27. 2019Lifelong GAN: Continual Learning for Conditional Image Generationcited by 78
  28. 2016Inductive Bias of Deep Convolutional Networks through Pooling Geometrycited by 53
  29. 2020Efficient Architecture Search for Continual Learningcited by 34
  30. 2019HetConv: Heterogeneous Kernel-Based Convolutions for Deep CNNscited by 16
  31. 2019Side-Tuning: A Baseline for Network Adaptation via Additive Side Networkscited by 16
  32. 2020Ternary Feature Masks: zero-forgetting for task-incremental learningcited by 14
  33. 2018Generative Adversarial Network Training is a Continual Learning Problemcited by 13

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 9; 2023: 18; 2024: 10; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2022FeTrIL: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 120
  2. 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 73
  3. 2022Representation Compensation Networks for Continual Semantic Segmentationcited by 72
  4. 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
  5. 2022Continual evaluation for lifelong learning: Identifying the stability gapcited by 55
  6. 2024Convolutional Prompting meets Language Models for Continual Learningcited by 32
  7. 2022General Incremental Learning with Domain-aware Categorical Representationscited by 26
  8. 2022Continual Learning with Bayesian Model based on a Fixed Pre-trained Feature Extractorcited by 26
  9. 2023Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Taxonomycited by 24
  10. 2023Continual Face Forgery Detection via Historical Distribution Preservingcited by 23
  11. 2023Continual Learning in Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements and Future Prospectscited by 22
  12. 2022Discrete Key-Value Bottleneckcited by 18
38 more
  1. 2023Adapter Learning in Pretrained Feature Extractor for Continual Learning of Diseasescited by 18
  2. 2023Inherit with Distillation and Evolve with Contrast: Exploring Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation Without Exemplar Memorycited by 12
  3. 2023Task Difficulty Aware Parameter Allocation & Regularization for Lifelong Learningcited by 11
  4. 2023LFS-GAN: Lifelong Few-Shot Image Generationcited by 11
  5. 2021Dataset Knowledge Transfer for Class-Incremental Learning without Memorycited by 8
  6. 2022Multi-Granularity Regularized Re-Balancing for Class Incremental Learningcited by 8
  7. 2023CLR: Channel-wise Lightweight Reprogramming for Continual Learningcited by 6
  8. 2023Exemplar-Free Continual Transformer with Convolutionscited by 6
  9. 2024Learning at a Glance: Towards Interpretable Data-limited Continual Semantic Segmentation via Semantic-Invariance Modellingcited by 6
  10. 2024GUIDE: Guidance-based Incremental Learning with Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  11. 2024FeTrIL++: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learning with Hill-Climbingcited by 5
  12. 2023VERSE: Virtual-Gradient Aware Streaming Lifelong Learning with Anytime Inferencecited by 4
  13. 2024Harnessing Neural Unit Dynamics for Effective and Scalable Class-Incremental Learningcited by 4
  14. 2025ConSense: Continually Sensing Human Activity with WiFi via Growing and Pickingcited by 4
  15. 2021Generative Feature-driven Image Replay for Continual Learningcited by 3
  16. 2022PlaStIL: Plastic and Stable Memory-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 3
  17. 2023IF2Net: Innately Forgetting-Free Networks for Continual Learningcited by 3
  18. 2023Efficient Expansion and Gradient Based Task Inference for Replay Free Incremental Learningcited by 3
  19. 2025Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in the Incremental Learning of Medical Imagescited by 3
  20. 2023Mode-Aware Continual Learning for Conditional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2
  21. 2023Hessian Aware Low-Rank Perturbation for Order-Robust Continual Learningcited by 2
  22. 2024AWF: Adaptive Weight Fusion for Enhanced Class Incremental Semantic Segmentationcited by 2
  23. 2024RECAST: Reparameterized, Compact weight Adaptation for Sequential Taskscited by 2
  24. 2025Parameter Importance-Driven Continual Learning for Foundation Modelscited by 2
  25. 2022Toward Sustainable Continual Learning: Detection and Knowledge Repurposing of Similar Taskscited by 1
  26. 2025Self-Controlled Dynamic Expansion Model for Continual Learningcited by 1
  27. 2025CoLoR-GAN: Continual Few-Shot Learning with Low-Rank Adaptation in Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1
  28. 2023Adaptively Integrated Knowledge Distillation and Prediction Uncertainty for Continual Learningcited by 0
  29. 2023Hierarchical Memory Pool Based Edge Semi-Supervised Continual Learning Methodcited by 0
  30. 2023Deep Lifelong Cross-modal Hashingcited by 0
  31. 2023Complementary Learning Subnetworks for Parameter-Efficient Class-Incremental Learningcited by 0
  32. 2024RLPeri: Accelerating Visual Perimetry Test with Reinforcement Learning and Convolutional Feature Extractioncited by 0
  33. 2024Confidence-Based Task Prediction in Continual Disease Classification Using Probability Distributioncited by 0
  34. 2025Incrementally Learning Multiple Diverse Data Domains via Multi-Source Dynamic Expansion Modelcited by 0
  35. 2025DPFormer: Dynamic Prompt Transformer for Continual Learningcited by 0
  36. 2025Model Recycling Framework for Multi-Source Data-Free Supervised Transfer Learningcited by 0
  37. 2026ChainLoRA: Geometry-Preserving Task Vector Merging for Continual Learning in LLMscited by 0
  38. 2026SALD: Self-Referenced Advantage Learning for Diffusion Modelscited by 0