Language Guided Concept Bottleneck Models for Interpretable Continual Learning
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Continual learning (CL) aims to enable learning systems to acquire new knowledge constantly without forgetting previously learned information. CL faces the challenge of mitigating catastrophic forgetting while maintaining interpretability across tasks. Most existing CL methods focus primarily on preserving learned knowledge to improve model performance. However, as new information is introduced, the interpretability of the learning process becomes crucial for understanding the evolving decision-making process, yet it is rarely explored. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework that integrates language-guided Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) to address both challenges. Our approach leverages the Concept Bottleneck Layer, aligning semantic consistency with CLIP models to learn human-understandable concepts that can generalize across tasks. By focusing on interpretable concepts, our method not only enhances the models ability to retain knowledge over time but also provides transparent decision-making insights. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by achieving superior performance on several datasets, outperforming state-of-the-art methods with an improvement of up to 3.06% in final average accuracy on ImageNet-subset. Additionally, we offer concept visualizations for model predictions, further advancing the understanding of interpretable continual learning.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 54 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2025.
Builds on
54 of 73 references.
References · 54
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2016Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localizationcited by 6,690
- 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
- 2016Learning without Forgettingcited by 2,465
- 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,313
- 2017Interpretability Beyond Feature Attribution: Quantitative Testing with Concept Activation Vectors (TCAV)cited by 1,309
- 2017Memory Aware Synapses: Learning what (not) to forgetcited by 1,094
- 2018Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 1,074
- 2018Efficient Lifelong Learning with A-GEMcited by 1,044
38 more
- 2020Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 1,022
- 2021Learning to Prompt for Continual Learningcited by 938
- 2017PackNet: Adding Multiple Tasks to a Single Network by Iterative Pruningcited by 882
- 2018This Looks Like That: Deep Learning for Interpretable Image Recognitioncited by 731
- 2017Lifelong Learning with Dynamically Expandable Networkscited by 689
- 2022DualPrompt: Complementary Prompting for Rehearsal-free Continual Learningcited by 635
- 2019Explaining Machine Learning Classifiers through Diverse Counterfactual Explanationscited by 612
- 2018Towards Robust Interpretability with Self-Explaining Neural Networkscited by 505
- 2020Class-incremental learning: survey and performance evaluation on image classificationcited by 446
- 2022CODA-Prompt: COntinual Decomposed Attention-based Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Continual Learningcited by 446
- 2019Counterfactual Visual Explanationscited by 312
- 2022Language in a Bottle: Language Model Guided Concept Bottlenecks for Interpretable Image Classificationcited by 310
- 2022Post-hoc Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 289
- 2023Label-Free Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 282
- 2020Semantic Drift Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 241
- 2019On Completeness-aware Concept-Based Explanations in Deep Neural Networkscited by 239
- 2020Neural Prototype Trees for Interpretable Fine-grained Image Recognitioncited by 213
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
- 2023SLCA: Slow Learner with Classifier Alignment for Continual Learning on a Pre-trained Modelcited by 178
- 2019Taking a HINT: Leveraging Explanations to Make Vision and Language Models More Groundedcited by 127
- 2023A Unified Continual Learning Framework with General Parameter-Efficient Tuningcited by 124
- 2021Deformable ProtoPNet: An Interpretable Image Classifier Using Deformable Prototypescited by 120
- 2022FeTrIL: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 120
- 2024Expandable Subspace Ensemble for Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental Learningcited by 115
- 2024Discover-then-Name: Task-Agnostic Concept Bottlenecks via Automated Concept Discoverycited by 91
- 2020ProtoPShare: Prototype Sharing for Interpretable Image Classification and Similarity Discoverycited by 89
- 2021Leveraging Sparse Linear Layers for Debuggable Deep Networkscited by 82
- 2023Learning Concise and Descriptive Attributes for Visual Recognitioncited by 73
- 2022CLIP model is an Efficient Continual Learnercited by 64
- 2023PILOT: A Pre-Trained Model-Based Continual Learning Toolboxcited by 64
- 2023Learning Bottleneck Concepts in Image Classificationcited by 49
- 2024Class-Incremental Learning with CLIP: Adaptive Representation Adjustment and Parameter Fusioncited by 47
- 2024Incremental Residual Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 43
- 2021Continually Learning Self-Supervised Representations with Projected Functional Regularizationcited by 38
- 2023Auxiliary Losses for Learning Generalizable Concept-based Modelscited by 35
- 2022Continual Learning with Bayesian Model based on a Fixed Pre-trained Feature Extractorcited by 26
- 2023ICICLE: Interpretable Class Incremental Continual Learningcited by 24
- 2023Steering Prototypes with Prompt-tuning for Rehearsal-free Continual Learningcited by 22
50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 9; 2026: 19.
28 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025Continual Learning for VLMs: A Survey and Taxonomy Beyond Forgettingcited by 16
- 2025BOFA: Bridge-Layer Orthogonal Low-Rank Fusion for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental Learningcited by 6
- 2025Partially Shared Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 5
- 2025HERMAN: Hierarchical Representation Matching for CLIP-based Class-Incremental Learningcited by 3
- 2026C3Box: A CLIP-based Class-Incremental Learning Toolboxcited by 3
- 2026Explaining CLIP Zero-shot Predictions Through Conceptscited by 2
- 2025Augmenting Continual Learning of Diseases with LLM-Generated Visual Conceptscited by 1
- 2025C-Flat++: Towards a More Efficient and Powerful Framework for Continual Learningcited by 1
- 2026Knowing the Unknown: Interpretable Open-World Object Detection via Concept Decomposition Modelcited by 1
- 2026Continual Learning with Vision-Language Models via Semantic-Geometry Preservationcited by 1
- 2026Which Concepts to Forget and How to Refuse? Decomposing Concepts for Continual Unlearning in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Tree of Concepts: Interpretable Continual Learners in Non-Stationary Clinical Domainscited by 1
16 more
- 2026ImageHD: Energy-Efficient On-Device Continual Learning of Visual Representations via Hyperdimensional Computingcited by 1
- 2026Caption Bottleneck Modelscited by 1
- 2025BRAIN: Bias-Mitigation Continual Learning Approach to Vision-Brain Understandingcited by 0
- 2025ConceptFlow: Hierarchical and Fine-grained Concept-Based Explanation for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2025Representation Calibration and Uncertainty Guidance for Class-Incremental Learning based on Vision Language Modelcited by 0
- 2026Advancing Analytic Class-Incremental Learning through Vision-Language Calibrationcited by 0
- 2026Stake the Points: Structure-Faithful Instance Unlearningcited by 0
- 2026Complementary Text-Guided Attention for Zero-Shot Adversarial Robustnesscited by 0
- 2026CI-CBM: Class-Incremental Concept Bottleneck Model for Interpretable Continual Learningcited by 0
- 2026Revitalizing the Beginning: Avoiding Storage Dependency for Model Merging in Continual Learningcited by 0
- 2026Unlocking Patch-Level Features for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental Learningcited by 0
- 2026iGSP:Implicit Gradient Subspace Projection for Efficient Continual Learning of Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Measuring What Matters: Synthetic Benchmarks for Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 0
- 2026Dual-Mode Low-Rank Learner with Bridge-Prototype Ensemble for Vision-Language Class-Incremental Learningcited by 0
- 2026Visual Branch is What You Need for CLIP-based Class-Incremental Learningcited by 0
- 2026Interpretable but Fragile? Robustness of Concept Bottlenecks under Geometric-Semantic Perturbationscited by 0
- 2026Interpretable but Fragile? Robustness of Concept Bottlenecks under Geometric-Semantic Perturbations29 Sep 2026
- 2026Visual Branch is What You Need for CLIP-based Class-Incremental Learning29 Sep 2026
- 2026Dual-Mode Low-Rank Learner with Bridge-Prototype Ensemble for Vision-Language Class-Incremental Learning29 Sep 2026
- 2026Caption Bottleneck Models1 Jul 2026
- 2026Measuring What Matters: Synthetic Benchmarks for Concept Bottleneck Models3 Jun 2026
- 2026iGSP:Implicit Gradient Subspace Projection for Efficient Continual Learning of Vision-Language Models19 May 2026
- 2026Unlocking Patch-Level Features for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental Learning13 May 2026
- 2026Revitalizing the Beginning: Avoiding Storage Dependency for Model Merging in Continual Learning8 May 2026
- 2026ImageHD: Energy-Efficient On-Device Continual Learning of Visual Representations via Hyperdimensional Computing23 Apr 2026
- 2026Tree of Concepts: Interpretable Continual Learners in Non-Stationary Clinical Domains18 Apr 2026
- 2026CI-CBM: Class-Incremental Concept Bottleneck Model for Interpretable Continual Learning16 Apr 2026
- 2026Explaining CLIP Zero-shot Predictions Through Concepts30 Mar 2026
16 more
- 2026Which Concepts to Forget and How to Refuse? Decomposing Concepts for Continual Unlearning in Large Vision-Language Models23 Mar 2026
- 2026Complementary Text-Guided Attention for Zero-Shot Adversarial Robustness19 Mar 2026
- 2026Stake the Points: Structure-Faithful Instance Unlearning13 Mar 2026
- 2026Continual Learning with Vision-Language Models via Semantic-Geometry Preservation12 Mar 2026
- 2026Knowing the Unknown: Interpretable Open-World Object Detection via Concept Decomposition Model24 Feb 2026
- 2026Advancing Analytic Class-Incremental Learning through Vision-Language Calibration14 Feb 2026
- 2026C3Box: A CLIP-based Class-Incremental Learning Toolbox28 Jan 2026
- 2025Representation Calibration and Uncertainty Guidance for Class-Incremental Learning based on Vision Language Model10 Dec 2025
- 2025Partially Shared Concept Bottleneck Models27 Nov 2025
- 2025BOFA: Bridge-Layer Orthogonal Low-Rank Fusion for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental Learning14 Nov 2025
- 2025HERMAN: Hierarchical Representation Matching for CLIP-based Class-Incremental Learning26 Sep 2025
- 2025ConceptFlow: Hierarchical and Fine-grained Concept-Based Explanation for Convolutional Neural Networks16 Sep 2025
- 2025C-Flat++: Towards a More Efficient and Powerful Framework for Continual Learning26 Aug 2025
- 2025BRAIN: Bias-Mitigation Continual Learning Approach to Vision-Brain Understanding25 Aug 2025
- 2025Continual Learning for VLMs: A Survey and Taxonomy Beyond Forgetting6 Aug 2025
- 2025Augmenting Continual Learning of Diseases with LLM-Generated Visual Concepts5 Aug 2025
- 2025Continual Learning for VLMs: A Survey and Taxonomy Beyond Forgettingcited by 16
- 2026Explaining CLIP Zero-shot Predictions Through Conceptscited by 2
- 2026Continual Learning with Vision-Language Models via Semantic-Geometry Preservationcited by 1
- 2026Which Concepts to Forget and How to Refuse? Decomposing Concepts for Continual Unlearning in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Representation Calibration and Uncertainty Guidance for Class-Incremental Learning based on Vision Language Modelcited by 0
- 2026Complementary Text-Guided Attention for Zero-Shot Adversarial Robustnesscited by 0
- 2026iGSP:Implicit Gradient Subspace Projection for Efficient Continual Learning of Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026iGSP:Implicit Gradient Subspace Projection for Efficient Continual Learning of Vision-Language Models19 May 2026
- 2026Explaining CLIP Zero-shot Predictions Through Concepts30 Mar 2026
- 2026Which Concepts to Forget and How to Refuse? Decomposing Concepts for Continual Unlearning in Large Vision-Language Models23 Mar 2026
- 2026Complementary Text-Guided Attention for Zero-Shot Adversarial Robustness19 Mar 2026
- 2026Continual Learning with Vision-Language Models via Semantic-Geometry Preservation12 Mar 2026
- 2025Representation Calibration and Uncertainty Guidance for Class-Incremental Learning based on Vision Language Model10 Dec 2025
- 2025Continual Learning for VLMs: A Survey and Taxonomy Beyond Forgetting6 Aug 2025
- 2026Stake the Points: Structure-Faithful Instance Unlearningcited by 0
- 2026Stake the Points: Structure-Faithful Instance Unlearning13 Mar 2026
- 2025BOFA: Bridge-Layer Orthogonal Low-Rank Fusion for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental Learningcited by 6
- 2025Partially Shared Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 5
- 2025HERMAN: Hierarchical Representation Matching for CLIP-based Class-Incremental Learningcited by 3
- 2026C3Box: A CLIP-based Class-Incremental Learning Toolboxcited by 3
- 2025Augmenting Continual Learning of Diseases with LLM-Generated Visual Conceptscited by 1
- 2025C-Flat++: Towards a More Efficient and Powerful Framework for Continual Learningcited by 1
- 2026Knowing the Unknown: Interpretable Open-World Object Detection via Concept Decomposition Modelcited by 1
- 2026Tree of Concepts: Interpretable Continual Learners in Non-Stationary Clinical Domainscited by 1
- 2026ImageHD: Energy-Efficient On-Device Continual Learning of Visual Representations via Hyperdimensional Computingcited by 1
- 2026Caption Bottleneck Modelscited by 1
- 2025BRAIN: Bias-Mitigation Continual Learning Approach to Vision-Brain Understandingcited by 0
- 2025ConceptFlow: Hierarchical and Fine-grained Concept-Based Explanation for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 0
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026Interpretable but Fragile? Robustness of Concept Bottlenecks under Geometric-Semantic Perturbations29 Sep 2026
- 2026Visual Branch is What You Need for CLIP-based Class-Incremental Learning29 Sep 2026
- 2026Dual-Mode Low-Rank Learner with Bridge-Prototype Ensemble for Vision-Language Class-Incremental Learning29 Sep 2026
- 2026Caption Bottleneck Models1 Jul 2026
- 2026Measuring What Matters: Synthetic Benchmarks for Concept Bottleneck Models3 Jun 2026
- 2026Unlocking Patch-Level Features for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental Learning13 May 2026
- 2026Revitalizing the Beginning: Avoiding Storage Dependency for Model Merging in Continual Learning8 May 2026
- 2026ImageHD: Energy-Efficient On-Device Continual Learning of Visual Representations via Hyperdimensional Computing23 Apr 2026
- 2026Tree of Concepts: Interpretable Continual Learners in Non-Stationary Clinical Domains18 Apr 2026
- 2026CI-CBM: Class-Incremental Concept Bottleneck Model for Interpretable Continual Learning16 Apr 2026
- 2026Knowing the Unknown: Interpretable Open-World Object Detection via Concept Decomposition Model24 Feb 2026
- 2026Advancing Analytic Class-Incremental Learning through Vision-Language Calibration14 Feb 2026
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)