mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Co-Transport for Class-Incremental Learning

arXiv 2107.12654 ↗First posted 27 Jul 2021cs.CV cs.LGcited by 38

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Abstract (arXiv)

Traditional learning systems are trained in closed-world for a fixed number of classes, and need pre-collected datasets in advance. However, new classes often emerge in real-world applications and should be learned incrementally. For example, in electronic commerce, new types of products appear daily, and in a social media community, new topics emerge frequently. Under such circumstances, incremental models should learn several new classes at a time without forgetting. We find a strong correlation between old and new classes in incremental learning, which can be applied to relate and facilitate different learning stages mutually. As a result, we propose CO-transport for class Incremental Learning (COIL), which learns to relate across incremental tasks with the class-wise semantic relationship. In detail, co-transport has two aspects: prospective transport tries to augment the old classifier with optimal transported knowledge as fast model adaptation. Retrospective transport aims to transport new class classifiers backward as old ones to overcome forgetting. With these transports, COIL efficiently adapts to new tasks, and stably resists forgetting. Experiments on benchmark and real-world multimedia datasets validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jul 2021.

Builds on

35 of 71 references.

References · 35

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23 more
  1. 2015Optimal Transport for Domain Adaptationcited by 463
  2. 2019Maintaining Discrimination and Fairness in Class Incremental Learningcited by 283
  3. 2020Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 251
  4. 2017Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting by Incremental Moment Matchingcited by 243
  5. 2020Semantic Drift Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 241
  6. 2019Model Fusion via Optimal Transportcited by 219
  7. 2021Few-Shot Incremental Learning with Continually Evolved Classifierscited by 187
  8. 2018Reinforced Continual Learningcited by 186
  9. 2021OTA: Optimal Transport Assignment for Object Detectioncited by 178
  10. 2020Adaptive Aggregation Networks for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 149
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  12. 2021Distilling Causal Effect of Data in Class-Incremental Learningcited by 117
  13. 2021Semantic-aware Knowledge Distillation for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 115
  14. 2020Memory-Efficient Incremental Learning Through Feature Adaptationcited by 107
  15. 2021Self-Promoted Prototype Refinement for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 96
  16. 2020Robust Optimal Transport with Applications in Generative Modeling and Domain Adaptationcited by 87
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  19. 2020Incremental Learning via Rate Reductioncited by 31
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 6; 2023: 15; 2024: 7; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.

38 papers.

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  1. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 872
  2. 2022FOSTER: Feature Boosting and Compression for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 229
  3. 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
  4. 2023Revisiting Class-Incremental Learning with Pre-Trained Models: Generalizability and Adaptivity are All You Needcited by 184
  5. 2022A Model or 603 Exemplars: Towards Memory-Efficient Class-Incremental Learningcited by 154
  6. 2022Forward Compatible Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 127
  7. 2023FeCAM: Exploiting the Heterogeneity of Class Distributions in Exemplar-Free Continual Learningcited by 87
  8. 2021PyCIL: A Python Toolbox for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 83
  9. 2023PILOT: A Pre-Trained Model-Based Continual Learning Toolboxcited by 64
  10. 2023Class-Incremental Exemplar Compression for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 50
  11. 2024Class-Incremental Learning with CLIP: Adaptive Representation Adjustment and Parameter Fusioncited by 47
  12. 2023Transformer Fusion with Optimal Transportcited by 36
26 more
  1. 2023Class Incremental Learning with Self-Supervised Pre-Training and Prototype Learningcited by 18
  2. 2023Neural Collapse Terminus: A Unified Solution for Class Incremental Learning and Its Variantscited by 14
  3. 2022Anti-Retroactive Interference for Lifelong Learningcited by 13
  4. 2022Generalized Knowledge Distillation via Relationship Matchingcited by 12
  5. 2023Benchmarking Deepart Detectioncited by 12
  6. 2025Continual Unlearning for Foundational Text-to-Image Models without Generalization Erosioncited by 12
  7. 2025Parameter-Efficient Continual Fine-Tuning: A Surveycited by 11
  8. 2024Towards Meta-Pruning via Optimal Transportcited by 8
  9. 2024PASS++: A Dual Bias Reduction Framework for Non-Exemplar Class-Incremental Learningcited by 8
  10. 2023FDCNet: Feature Drift Compensation Network for Class-Incremental Weakly Supervised Object Localizationcited by 3
  11. 2022An Optimal Transport-driven Approach for Cultivating Latent Space in Online Incremental Learningcited by 2
  12. 2023AdaCL:Adaptive Continual Learningcited by 2
  13. 2023Enhancing Plasticity for First Session Adaptation Continual Learningcited by 2
  14. 2023Constructing Sample-to-Class Graph for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 2
  15. 2023Online Continual Learning via the Knowledge Invariant and Spread-out Propertiescited by 1
  16. 2024Distribution-Level Memory Recall for Continual Learning: Preserving Knowledge and Avoiding Confusioncited by 1
  17. 2025Boosting the Class-Incremental Learning in 3D Point Clouds via Zero-Collection-Cost Basic Shape Pre-Trainingcited by 1
  18. 2024Rethinking Class-Incremental Learning from a Dynamic Imbalanced Learning Perspectivecited by 0
  19. 2024Addressing Imbalance for Class Incremental Learning in Medical Image Classificationcited by 0
  20. 2024Joint Input and Output Coordination for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 0
  21. 2025CalFuse: Multi-Modal Continual Learning via Feature Calibration and Parameter Fusioncited by 0
  22. 2025Class-Incremental Learning for Honey Botanical Origin Classification with Hyperspectral Images: A Study with Continual Backpropagationcited by 0
  23. 2025SFedKD: Sequential Federated Learning with Discrepancy-Aware Multi-Teacher Knowledge Distillationcited by 0
  24. 2026Shapley Neuron Values for Continual Learning: Which Neurons Matter Most?cited by 0
  25. 2026NeuroGuard: Neural Gradient Update Aware of Representation Damagecited by 0
  26. 2026Reliable Replay through Spatial Coherence in Online Continual Learningcited by 0