mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning from an Open-Set Perspective

arXiv 2208.00147 ↗First posted 30 Jul 2022cs.CVcited by 83

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Abstract (arXiv)

The continual appearance of new objects in the visual world poses considerable challenges for current deep learning methods in real-world deployments. The challenge of new task learning is often exacerbated by the scarcity of data for the new categories due to rarity or cost. Here we explore the important task of Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) and its extreme data scarcity condition of one-shot. An ideal FSCIL model needs to perform well on all classes, regardless of their presentation order or paucity of data. It also needs to be robust to open-set real-world conditions and be easily adapted to the new tasks that always arise in the field. In this paper, we first reevaluate the current task setting and propose a more comprehensive and practical setting for the FSCIL task. Then, inspired by the similarity of the goals for FSCIL and modern face recognition systems, we propose our method -- Augmented Angular Loss Incremental Classification or ALICE. In ALICE, instead of the commonly used cross-entropy loss, we propose to use the angular penalty loss to obtain well-clustered features. As the obtained features not only need to be compactly clustered but also diverse enough to maintain generalization for future incremental classes, we further discuss how class augmentation, data augmentation, and data balancing affect classification performance. Experiments on benchmark datasets, including CIFAR100, miniImageNet, and CUB200, demonstrate the improved performance of ALICE over the state-of-the-art FSCIL methods.

Key facts. Cited by 83 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jul 2022.

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19 of 27 references.

References · 19

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 11,979
  3. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
  4. 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,441
  5. 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,155
  6. 2020Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learningcited by 2,853
  7. 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,313
  8. 2018CosFace: Large Margin Cosine Loss for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 968
  9. 2019Decoupling Representation and Classifier for Long-Tailed Recognitioncited by 806
  10. 2017SphereFace: Deep Hypersphere Embedding for Face Recognitioncited by 733
  11. 2013An Empirical Investigation of Catastrophic Forgetting in Gradient-Based Neural Networkscited by 711
  12. 2018End-to-End Incremental Learningcited by 596
7 more
  1. 2020Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 249
  2. 2020Semantic Drift Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 241
  3. 2021Few-Shot Incremental Learning with Continually Evolved Classifierscited by 184
  4. 2021Supervised Contrastive Replay: Revisiting the Nearest Class Mean Classifier in Online Class-Incremental Continual Learningcited by 140
  5. 2021Semantic-aware Knowledge Distillation for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 114
  6. 2021Self-Promoted Prototype Refinement for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 95
  7. 2020MgSvF: Multi-Grained Slow vs. Fast Framework for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 61

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 20; 2024: 27; 2025: 28; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
  2. 2023Neural Collapse Inspired Feature-Classifier Alignment for Few-Shot Class Incremental Learningcited by 112
  3. 2023FeCAM: Exploiting the Heterogeneity of Class Distributions in Exemplar-Free Continual Learningcited by 86
  4. 2023A Survey on Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 48
  5. 2023First Session Adaptation: A Strong Replay-Free Baseline for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 46
  6. 2022On the Soft-Subnetwork for Few-shot Class Incremental Learningcited by 37
  7. 2024Pre-trained Vision and Language Transformers Are Few-Shot Incremental Learnerscited by 35
  8. 2023Few-shot Class-incremental Learning for Classification and Object Detection: A Surveycited by 25
  9. 2024Compositional Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 18
  10. 2024Few-Shot Class Incremental Learning with Attention-Aware Self-Adaptive Promptcited by 15
  11. 2023Neural Collapse Terminus: A Unified Solution for Class Incremental Learning and Its Variantscited by 14
  12. 2023Non-Exemplar Online Class-incremental Continual Learning via Dual-prototype Self-augment and Refinementcited by 13
38 more
  1. 2024Rethinking Few-shot Class-incremental Learning: Learning from Yourselfcited by 13
  2. 2024Dynamic Integration of Task-Specific Adapters for Class Incremental Learningcited by 11
  3. 2024CLOSER: Towards Better Representation Learning for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 11
  4. 2024Continual Adapter Tuning with Semantic Shift Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 10
  5. 2024Calibrating Higher-Order Statistics for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning with Pre-trained Vision Transformerscited by 9
  6. 2025Revisiting Pool-based Prompt Learning for Few-shot Class-incremental Learningcited by 8
  7. 2024NTK-Guided Few-Shot Class Incremental Learningcited by 7
  8. 2024Mamba-FSCIL: Dynamic Adaptation with Selective State Space Model for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 7
  9. 2023Semantic-visual Guided Transformer for Few-shot Class-incremental Learningcited by 6
  10. 2025Navigating Semantic Drift in Task-Agnostic Class-Incremental Learningcited by 6
  11. 2023Generalized Few-Shot Continual Learning with Contrastive Mixture of Adapterscited by 5
  12. 2023Continual Learning: Forget-free Winning Subnetworks for Video Representationscited by 5
  13. 2024Delve into Base-Novel Confusion: Redundancy Exploration for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 5
  14. 2025Adaptive Decision Boundary for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 5
  15. 2025EKPC: Elastic Knowledge Preservation and Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 5
  16. 2023Forget-free Continual Learning with Soft-Winning SubNetworkscited by 4
  17. 2023Few-shot Class-incremental Learning for Cross-domain Disease Classificationcited by 4
  18. 2023Image-Object-Specific Prompt Learning for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 4
  19. 2024A streamlined Approach to Multimodal Few-Shot Class Incremental Learning for Fine-Grained Datasetscited by 4
  20. 2025Rethinking Continual Learning with Progressive Neural Collapsecited by 4
  21. 202412 mJ per Class On-Device Online Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 3
  22. 2024Foundation Model-Powered 3D Few-Shot Class Incremental Learning via Training-free Adaptorcited by 3
  23. 2025Latest Advancements Towards Catastrophic Forgetting under Data Scarcity: A Comprehensive Survey on Few-Shot Class Incremental Learningcited by 3
  24. 2025Learn by Reasoning: Analogical Weight Generation for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 3
  25. 2025ProtoConNet: Prototypical Augmentation and Alignment for Open-Set Few-Shot Image Classificationcited by 3
  26. 2026Scaling Continual Learning to 300+ Tasks with Bi-Level Routing Mixture-of-Expertscited by 3
  27. 2023MASIL: Towards Maximum Separable Class Representation for Few Shot Class Incremental Learningcited by 2
  28. 2024A Bag of Tricks for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 2
  29. 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Continual Learning: A Neural Tangent Kernel Perspectivecited by 2
  30. 2024Covariance-based Space Regularization for Few-shot Class Incremental Learningcited by 2
  31. 2024Inductive Graph Few-shot Class Incremental Learningcited by 2
  32. 2025Improving Open-world Continual Learning under the Constraints of Scarce Labeled Datacited by 2
  33. 2025Tripartite Weight-Space Ensemble for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 2
  34. 2025Can Synthetic Images Conquer Forgetting? Beyond Unexplored Doubts in Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 2
  35. 2025DSS-Prompt: Dynamic-Static Synergistic Prompting for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 2
  36. 2023Balanced Supervised Contrastive Learning for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 1
  37. 2024PL-FSCIL: Harnessing the Power of Prompts for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 1
  38. 2024Bias Mitigating Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 1

50 most cited of 83 All 83 (JSON)