mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Continual Deepfake Detection Benchmark: Dataset, Methods, and Essentials

arXiv 2205.05467 ↗First posted 11 May 2022cs.CV cs.LGcited by 45

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Abstract (arXiv)

There have been emerging a number of benchmarks and techniques for the detection of deepfakes. However, very few works study the detection of incrementally appearing deepfakes in the real-world scenarios. To simulate the wild scenes, this paper suggests a continual deepfake detection benchmark (CDDB) over a new collection of deepfakes from both known and unknown generative models. The suggested CDDB designs multiple evaluations on the detection over easy, hard, and long sequence of deepfake tasks, with a set of appropriate measures. In addition, we exploit multiple approaches to adapt multiclass incremental learning methods, commonly used in the continual visual recognition, to the continual deepfake detection problem. We evaluate existing methods, including their adapted ones, on the proposed CDDB. Within the proposed benchmark, we explore some commonly known essentials of standard continual learning. Our study provides new insights on these essentials in the context of continual deepfake detection. The suggested CDDB is clearly more challenging than the existing benchmarks, which thus offers a suitable evaluation avenue to the future research. Both data and code are available at https://github.com/Coral79/CDDB.

Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 70 of its 102 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 May 2022.

Builds on

70 of 102 references.

References · 70

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  1. 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,313
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 6; 2024: 12; 2025: 16; 2026: 9.

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  1. 2022S-Prompts Learning with Pre-trained Transformers: An Occam's Razor for Domain Incremental Learningcited by 246
  2. 2023DeepfakeBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Deepfake Detectioncited by 162
  3. 2023RanPAC: Random Projections and Pre-trained Models for Continual Learningcited by 162
  4. 2022SeeABLE: Soft Discrepancies and Bounded Contrastive Learning for Exposing Deepfakescited by 49
  5. 2024AI-Face: A Million-Scale Demographically Annotated AI-Generated Face Dataset and Fairness Benchmarkcited by 28
  6. 2023Continual Face Forgery Detection via Historical Distribution Preservingcited by 23
  7. 2024Frequency-Aware Deepfake Detection: Improving Generalizability through Frequency Space Learningcited by 20
  8. 2024Dual Consolidation for Pre-Trained Model-Based Domain-Incremental Learningcited by 16
  9. 2025Continual Learning for VLMs: A Survey and Taxonomy Beyond Forgettingcited by 16
  10. 2023Benchmarking Deepart Detectioncited by 12
  11. 2025Addressing Imbalanced Domain-Incremental Learning through Dual-Balance Collaborative Expertscited by 12
  12. 2024CP-Prompt: Composition-Based Cross-modal Prompting for Domain-Incremental Continual Learningcited by 11
33 more
  1. 2025Do Deepfake Detectors Work in Reality?cited by 11
  2. 2025AI-GenBench: A New Ongoing Benchmark for AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 10
  3. 2024LoRanPAC: Low-rank Random Features and Pre-trained Models for Bridging Theory and Practice in Continual Learningcited by 8
  4. 2023Read Between the Layers: Leveraging Multi-Layer Representations for Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning with Pre-Trained Modelscited by 7
  5. 2024Fake Artificial Intelligence Generated Contents (FAIGC): A Survey of Theories, Detection Methods, and Opportunitiescited by 7
  6. 2025DualCP: Rehearsal-Free Domain-Incremental Learning via Dual-Level Concept Prototypecited by 7
  7. 2023MoP-CLIP: A Mixture of Prompt-Tuned CLIP Models for Domain Incremental Learningcited by 6
  8. 2024Continuous fake media detection: adapting deepfake detectors to new generative techniquescited by 6
  9. 2024Conditioned Prompt-Optimization for Continual Deepfake Detectioncited by 6
  10. 2024VoiceWukong: Benchmarking Deepfake Voice Detectioncited by 5
  11. 2025RICO: Two Realistic Benchmarks and an In-Depth Analysis for Incremental Learning in Object Detectioncited by 5
  12. 2024A Hitchhikers Guide to Fine-Grained Face Forgery Detection Using Common Sense Reasoningcited by 4
  13. 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
  14. 2025Fit for Purpose? Deepfake Detection in the Real Worldcited by 4
  15. 2025Generalized Design Choices for Deepfake Detectorscited by 2
  16. 2025Memory-Integrated Reconfigurable Adapters: A Unified Framework for Settings with Multiple Taskscited by 2
  17. 2024Hierarchical Prompts for Rehearsal-free Continual Learningcited by 1
  18. 2025LoRAX: LoRA eXpandable Networks for Continual Synthetic Image Attributioncited by 1
  19. 2025Continual Knowledge Consolidation LORA for Domain Incremental Learningcited by 1
  20. 2026Detecting AI-Generated Video: A Vision-Language Dual-View Surveycited by 1
  21. 2025A Benchmark for Incremental Micro-expression Recognitioncited by 0
  22. 2025Chameleon: Benchmarking Detection and Backtracking on Commercial-Grade AI-Generated Videoscited by 0
  23. 2025Enhancing Abnormality Identification: Robust Out-of-Distribution Strategies for Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
  24. 2025Revisiting Deepfake Detection: Chronological Continual Learning and the Limits of Generalizationcited by 0
  25. 2025Fair and Interpretable Deepfake Detection in Videoscited by 0
  26. 2026Representation Finetuning for Continual Learningcited by 0
  27. 2026Robust Embodied Perception in Dynamic Environments via Disentangled Weight Fusioncited by 0
  28. 2026HEDP: A Hybrid Energy-Distance Prompt-based Framework for Domain Incremental Learningcited by 0
  29. 2026Need We Teach Foundation Models What is a Generative Image? Gradient-Free Generative Artifact Detection via Analytic Spectral Adaptationcited by 0
  30. 2026Fast and Slow Variational Continual Learningcited by 0
  31. 2026Few-Shot Domain Incremental Learning via Continual Vision-Language Consolidationcited by 0
  32. 2026DECODE: Tackling Representation and Decision Degradation in Continual AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 0
  33. 2026Preserving Knowledge across Space and Time for Continual Video Deepfake Detectioncited by 0