mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

General Video Game AI: a Multi-Track Framework for Evaluating Agents, Games and Content Generation Algorithms

arXiv 1802.10363 ↗First posted 28 Feb 2018cs.AIcited by 45

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Abstract (arXiv)

General Video Game Playing (GVGP) aims at designing an agent that is capable of playing multiple video games with no human intervention. In 2014, The General Video Game AI (GVGAI) competition framework was created and released with the purpose of providing researchers a common open-source and easy to use platform for testing their AI methods with potentially infinity of games created using Video Game Description Language (VGDL). The framework has been expanded into several tracks during the last few years to meet the demand of different research directions. The agents are required either to play multiple unknown games with or without access to game simulations, or to design new game levels or rules. This survey paper presents the VGDL, the GVGAI framework, existing tracks, and reviews the wide use of GVGAI framework in research, education and competitions five years after its birth. A future plan of framework improvements is also described.

Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Feb 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 9; 2023: 5; 2024: 1; 2025: 10; 2026: 6.

45 papers.

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  1. 2022Evolving Curricula with Regret-Based Environment Designcited by 173
  2. 2021A Survey of Zero-shot Generalisation in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 170
  3. 2021MiniHack the Planet: A Sandbox for Open-Ended Reinforcement Learning Researchcited by 97
  4. 2025lmgame-Bench: How Good are LLMs at Playing Games?cited by 55
  5. 2021Learning Controllable Content Generatorscited by 40
  6. 2021Experience-Driven PCG via Reinforcement Learning: A Super Mario Bros Studycited by 25
  7. 2024Game Generation via Large Language Modelscited by 25
  8. 2025Graphs Meet AI Agents: Taxonomy, Progress, and Future Opportunitiescited by 23
  9. 2025Assessing Adaptive World Models in Machines with Novel Gamescited by 20
  10. 2023Games for Artificial Intelligence Research: A Review and Perspectivescited by 14
  11. 2026AI Gamestore: Scalable, Open-Ended Evaluation of Machine General Intelligence with Human Gamescited by 12
  12. 2026WebGameBench: Requirement-to-Application Evaluation for Coding Agents via Browser-Native Gamescited by 12
33 more
  1. 2021Discovering User-Interpretable Capabilities of Black-Box Planning Agentscited by 10
  2. 2022Mutation Models: Learning to Generate Levels by Imitating Evolutioncited by 9
  3. 2025GVGAI-LLM: Evaluating Large Language Model Agents with Infinite Gamescited by 9
  4. 2021Procedural Content Generation: Better Benchmarks for Transfer Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  5. 2023RaidEnv: Exploring New Challenges in Automated Content Balancing for Boss Raid Gamescited by 7
  6. 2021Generating Diverse and Competitive Play-Styles for Strategy Gamescited by 6
  7. 2022Transfer Dynamics in Emergent Evolutionary Curriculacited by 6
  8. 2023DanZero+: Dominating the GuanDan Game through Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
  9. 2025The Procedural Content Generation Benchmark: An Open-source Testbed for Generative Challenges in Gamescited by 6
  10. 2022DanZero: Mastering GuanDan Game with Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
  11. 2025LatticeWorld: A Multimodal Large Language Model-Empowered Framework for Interactive Complex World Generationcited by 5
  12. 2022GriddlyJS: A Web IDE for Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
  13. 2025PuzzleJAX: A Benchmark for Reasoning and Learningcited by 4
  14. 2021Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning using Attentive Graph Neural Architectures for Real-Time Strategy Gamescited by 3
  15. 2021Adversarial Random Forest Classifier for Automated Game Designcited by 3
  16. 2022The Ludii Game Description Language is Universalcited by 3
  17. 2026AI for Games in the Foundation Model Eracited by 3
  18. 2021Playtesting: What is Beyond Personascited by 2
  19. 2021Automatic Generation of Board Game Manualscited by 2
  20. 2022Start Small: Training Controllable Game Level Generators without Training Data by Learning at Multiple Sizescited by 2
  21. 2023Procedural Content Generation via Knowledge Transformation (PCG-KT)cited by 2
  22. 2025ScriptDoctor: Automatic Generation of PuzzleScript Games via Large Language Models and Tree Searchcited by 2
  23. 2021Game Mechanic Alignment Theory and Discoverycited by 1
  24. 2021Portfolio Search and Optimization for General Strategy Game-Playingcited by 1
  25. 2022Developing a Successful Bomberman Agentcited by 1
  26. 2023PyTAG: Challenges and Opportunities for Reinforcement Learning in Tabletop Gamescited by 1
  27. 2026Spatial Reasoning in LLM Game Agents: Impact of Causal Context and Multi-Step Planningcited by 1
  28. 2021Ordinal Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 0
  29. 2022Extended Intelligencecited by 0
  30. 2025A modular framework for automated evaluation of procedural content generation in serious games with deep reinforcement learning agentscited by 0
  31. 2025Ludax: A GPU-Accelerated Domain Specific Language for Board Gamescited by 0
  32. 2026Procedural Generation of First Person Shooter Maps using Map-Elitescited by 0
  33. 2026Knowledge-Conditioned, Single-Pass LLM Synthesis of Executable Unity Game Scenes: A Compiler Error Census across 26 Goal Playable Conceptscited by 0