AI Gamestore: Scalable, Open-Ended Evaluation of Machine General Intelligence with Human Games
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Abstract (arXiv)
Rigorously evaluating machine intelligence against the broad spectrum of human general intelligence has become increasingly important and challenging in this era of rapid technological advance. Conventional AI benchmarks typically assess only narrow capabilities in a limited range of human activity. Most are also static, quickly saturating as developers explicitly or implicitly optimize for them. We propose that a more promising way to evaluate human-like general intelligence in AI systems is through a particularly strong form of general game playing: studying how and how well they play and learn to play all conceivable human games, in comparison to human players with the same level of experience, time, or other resources. We define a "human game" to be a game designed by humans for humans, and argue for the evaluative suitability of this space of all such games people can imagine and enjoy -- the "Multiverse of Human Games". Taking a first step towards this vision, we introduce the AI GameStore, a scalable and open-ended platform that uses LLMs with humans-in-the-loop to synthesize new representative human games, by automatically sourcing and adapting standardized and containerized variants of game environments from popular human digital gaming platforms. As a proof of concept, we generated 100 such games based on the top charts of Apple App Store and Steam, and evaluated seven frontier vision-language models (VLMs) on short episodes of play. The best models achieved less than 10% of the human average score on the majority of the games, and especially struggled with games that challenge world-model learning, memory and planning. We conclude with a set of next steps for building out the AI GameStore as a practical way to measure and drive progress toward human-like general intelligence in machines.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Feb 2026.
Builds on
27 of 58 references.
References · 27
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15 more
- 2018General Video Game AI: a Multi-Track Framework for Evaluating Agents, Games and Content Generation Algorithmscited by 45
- 2021Human-Level Reinforcement Learning through Theory-Based Modeling, Exploration, and Planningcited by 43
- 2025VideoGameBench: Can Vision-Language Models complete popular video games?cited by 36
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 12.
12 papers.
- 2026GameVerse: Can Vision-Language Models Learn from Video-based Reflection?cited by 8
- 2026Agentic Environment Engineering for Large Language Models: A Survey of Environment Modeling, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Applicationcited by 8
- 2026Towards Generalist Game Players: An Investigation of Foundation Models in the Game Multiversecited by 3
- 2026Interactive Evaluation Requires a Design Sciencecited by 3
- 2026Beyond Simply Environment Scaling: Designing Effective Environment Distributions for Multimodal Agent Learningcited by 3
- 2026DiG-bench: Discovery in Gamescited by 3
- 2026Using Cognitive Models to Improve Language Model Simulation of Human Persuasion Gamescited by 2
- 2026VISTA: A Visual Harness for Reasoning in an Interactive Worldcited by 1
- 2026Benchmarking the Benchmarks: Testing the Predictive Validity of Commonsense Benchmarkscited by 0
- 2026PlayTrain: An Efficient Reinforcement Learning Framework for LLM-Generated Adaptable JavaScript Gamescited by 0
- 2026Compiled Agency: Frontier General-Purpose Coding Agents Build Winning Game Players from Bare Interaction - from Flappy Bird to StarCraft II and Civilizationcited by 0
- 2026PlaySuite: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Interactive Visual Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026PlaySuite: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Interactive Visual Intelligence5 Oct 2026
- 2026VISTA: A Visual Harness for Reasoning in an Interactive World1 Oct 2026
- 2026PlayTrain: An Efficient Reinforcement Learning Framework for LLM-Generated Adaptable JavaScript Games8 Sep 2026
- 2026DiG-bench: Discovery in Games12 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Simply Environment Scaling: Designing Effective Environment Distributions for Multimodal Agent Learning4 Aug 2026
- 2026Benchmarking the Benchmarks: Testing the Predictive Validity of Commonsense Benchmarks4 Aug 2026
- 2026Compiled Agency: Frontier General-Purpose Coding Agents Build Winning Game Players from Bare Interaction - from Flappy Bird to StarCraft II and Civilization17 Jul 2026
- 2026Using Cognitive Models to Improve Language Model Simulation of Human Persuasion Games16 Jun 2026
- 2026Agentic Environment Engineering for Large Language Models: A Survey of Environment Modeling, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Application10 Jun 2026
- 2026Interactive Evaluation Requires a Design Science18 May 2026
- 2026Towards Generalist Game Players: An Investigation of Foundation Models in the Game Multiverse11 May 2026
- 2026GameVerse: Can Vision-Language Models Learn from Video-based Reflection?1 Mar 2026
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- 2023SmartPlay: A Benchmark for LLMs as Intelligent Agents
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