Towards Physically Consistent 4D Scene Reconstruction for Closed-loop Autonomous Driving Simulation
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Generative simulation for driving
Abstract (arXiv)
High-fidelity street scene reconstruction is pivotal for end-to-end autonomous driving simulation, where novel-view synthesis (NVS) and time-varying information modeling are two fundamental capabilities to facilitate closed-loop training. However, existing 3DGS methods and their 4D extensions fail to simultaneously achieve both. To bridge this gap, we establish an information-geometric diagnostic framework, revealing that this limitation stems from a credit assignment dilemma between spatial and temporal parameters. Specifically, the deterministic coupling between viewpoint and time in single-source observation creates a low-rank structure that induces massive null-space ambiguity between static view-dependent and dynamic time-varying components. Temporal information overshadows spatial cues, causing the estimation variance of spatial parameters to diverge. To address this issue, we propose Orthogonal Projected Gradient (OPG), a hierarchical training method designed to restore spatial identifiability. OPG prioritizes the integrity of spatial representations by securing them in an initial stage, then restricts temporal updates to the spatial null space, enabling proactive credit assignment. While OPG isolates temporal updates algebraically, Temporal Regularization Strategy is proposed to further refine the temporal solution space by imposing a smoothness constraint based on the physical prior of consistent appearance evolution, ensuring that the reconstructed scene remains physically consistent in closed-loop simulation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method not only maintains stable NVS capabilities but also demonstrates superior performance in traditional observation-reproducing metrics, which indirectly reflect the capability of modeling temporal dynamics.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Generative simulation for driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 26 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2026.
Builds on
26 of 31 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2025CoDa-4DGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting with Context and Deformation Awareness for Autonomous Driving9 Mar
- 2022Enhance Sample Efficiency and Robustness of End-to-end Urban Autonomous Driving via Semantic Masked World Model8 Oct
Other references · 24
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,436
- 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,144
- 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 742
- 2023Real-time Photorealistic Dynamic Scene Representation and Rendering with 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 470
- 2023DrivingGaussian: Composite Gaussian Splatting for Surrounding Dynamic Autonomous Driving Scenescited by 359
- 2023Spacetime Gaussian Feature Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 341
- 2020Neural Scene Graphs for Dynamic Scenescited by 298
- 2024Hydra-MDP: End-to-end Multimodal Planning with Multi-target Hydra-Distillationcited by 244
- 2024Street Gaussians: Modeling Dynamic Urban Scenes with Gaussian Splattingcited by 218
- 2023EmerNeRF: Emergent Spatial-Temporal Scene Decomposition via Self-Supervisioncited by 216
- 2023COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 193
12 more
- 2022Model-Based Imitation Learning for Urban Drivingcited by 149
- 2023Periodic Vibration Gaussian: Dynamic Urban Scene Reconstruction and Real-time Renderingcited by 143
- 2024HUGS: Holistic Urban 3D Scene Understanding via Gaussian Splattingcited by 141
- 2024textitS3Gaussian: Self-Supervised Street Gaussians for Autonomous Drivingcited by 105
- 2023Im4D: High-Fidelity and Real-Time Novel View Synthesis for Dynamic Scenescited by 55
- 2024MEGA: Memory-Efficient 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scenescited by 45
- 2022V4d: voxel for 4d novel view synthesiscited by 42
- 2025SimScale: Learning to Drive via Real-World Simulation at Scalecited by 34
- 2025CarPlanner: Consistent Auto-regressive Trajectory Planning for Large-scale Reinforcement Learning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 31
- 2024SplatFlow: Self-Supervised Dynamic Gaussian Splatting in Neural Motion Flow Field for Autonomous Drivingcited by 20
- 2025MTGS: Multi-Traversal Gaussian Splattingcited by 17
- 2026EVolSplat4D: Efficient Volume-based Gaussian Splatting for 4D Urban Scene Synthesiscited by 3
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- 2024Drive-1-to-3: Enriching Diffusion Priors for Novel View Synthesis of Real Vehicles
- 2026PRG-Fusion: Orchestrating Generative Priors with Reconstruction Evidence for Driving View Synthesis
- 2026ReconDrive: Fast Feed-Forward 4D Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Driving Scene Reconstruction
- 2024DreamDrive: Generative 4D Scene Modeling from Street View Images
- 2026UFO: Unifying Feed-Forward and Optimization-based Methods for Large Driving Scene Modeling
- 2026Geo-EVS: Geometry-Conditioned Extrapolative View Synthesis for Autonomous Driving
- 2024DriveDreamer4D: World Models Are Effective Data Machines for 4D Driving Scene Representation
- 2026DriveFix: Spatio-Temporally Coherent Driving Scene Restoration