Uni-Sign: Toward Unified Sign Language Understanding at Scale
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Abstract (arXiv)
Sign language pre-training has gained increasing attention for its ability to enhance performance across various sign language understanding (SLU) tasks. However, existing methods often suffer from a gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, leading to suboptimal results. To address this, we propose Uni-Sign, a unified pre-training framework that eliminates the gap between pre-training and downstream SLU tasks through a large-scale generative pre-training strategy and a novel fine-tuning paradigm. First, we introduce CSL-News, a large-scale Chinese Sign Language (CSL) dataset containing 1,985 hours of video paired with textual annotations, which enables effective large-scale pre-training. Second, Uni-Sign unifies SLU tasks by treating downstream tasks as a single sign language translation (SLT) task during fine-tuning, ensuring seamless knowledge transfer between pre-training and fine-tuning. Furthermore, we incorporate a prior-guided fusion (PGF) module and a score-aware sampling strategy to efficiently fuse pose and RGB information, addressing keypoint inaccuracies and improving computational efficiency. Extensive experiments across multiple SLU benchmarks demonstrate that Uni-Sign achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple downstream SLU tasks. Dataset and code are available at github.com/ZechengLi19/Uni-Sign.
Key facts. Cited by 56 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 56 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jan 2025.
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56 of 72 references.
References · 56
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- 2021Visual Alignment Constraint for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 80
- 2022A Simple Multi-Modality Transfer Learning Baseline for Sign Language Translationcited by 80
- 2024LLMs are Good Sign Language Translatorscited by 77
- 2023YouTube-ASL: A Large-Scale, Open-Domain American Sign Language-English Parallel Corpuscited by 75
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- 2023SignBERT+: Hand-model-aware Self-supervised Pre-training for Sign Language Understandingcited by 59
- 2024Sign2GPT: Leveraging Large Language Models for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translationcited by 57
- 2023Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Correlation Networkcited by 56
- 2023Gloss Attention for Gloss-free Sign Language Translationcited by 51
- 2023Natural Language-Assisted Sign Language Recognitioncited by 46
- 2024Towards Privacy-Aware Sign Language Translation at Scalecited by 44
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- 2023Sign Language Translation from Instructional Videoscited by 39
- 2020Global-local Enhancement Network for NMFs-aware Sign Language Recognitioncited by 38
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- 2021Content4All Open Research Sign Language Translation Datasetscited by 30
- 2024Factorized Learning Assisted with Large Language Model for Gloss-free Sign Language Translationcited by 24
- 2024C2RL: Content and Context Representation Learning for Gloss-free Sign Language Translation and Retrievalcited by 24
- 2023Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Sign Language Translation with Cross-Modal Alignmentcited by 23
- 2024Scaling up Multimodal Pre-training for Sign Language Understandingcited by 21
50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 19; 2026: 37.
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- 2025Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translationcited by 12
- 2025Geo-Sign: Hyperbolic Contrastive Regularisation for Geometrically Aware Sign Language Translationcited by 12
- 2026Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation: An Unbiased Evaluation of Progress in the Fieldcited by 9
- 2025Isharah: A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 6
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignmentcited by 6
- 2025Body-Hand Modality Expertized Networks with Cross-attention for Fine-grained Skeleton Action Recognitioncited by 4
- 2025SignX: Continuous Sign Recognition in Compact Pose-Rich Latent Spacecited by 4
- 2026MaDiS: Taming Masked Diffusion Language Models for Sign Language Generationcited by 4
- 2025Using Sign Language Production as Data Augmentation to enhance Sign Language Translationcited by 3
- 2025SONAR-SLT: Multilingual Sign Language Translation via Language-Agnostic Sentence Embedding Supervisioncited by 3
- 2025Logos as a Well-Tempered Pre-train for Sign Language Recognitioncited by 2
- 2025RVLF: A Reinforcing Vision-Language Framework for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translationcited by 2
38 more
- 2026SignSparK: Efficient Multilingual Sign Language Production via Sparse Keyframe Learningcited by 2
- 2026M3T: Discrete Multi-Modal Motion Tokens for Sign Language Productioncited by 2
- 2026Sign Language Question Answering: A New Task, Benchmark, and Baseline for Sign Language Understandingcited by 2
- 2025Sign Spotting Disambiguation using Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025SAGE: Segment-Aware Gloss-Free Encoding for Token-Efficient Sign Language Translationcited by 1
- 2025Towards Inclusive Communication: A Unified Framework for Generating Spoken Language from Sign, Lip, and Audiocited by 1
- 2025SignBind-LLM: Multi-Stage Modality Fusion for Sign Language Translationcited by 1
- 2026SignAgent: Agentic LLMs for Linguistically-Grounded Sign Language Annotation and Dataset Curationcited by 1
- 2026SIGNET: Motion-Level Knowledge Transfer for Cross-Language Sign Language Translationcited by 1
- 2026BackTranslation2.0 -- A Linguistically Motivated Metric to Assess Sign Language Productioncited by 1
- 2026Investigating Multimodal Informativity under Different Partner Visibility Conditions in Video-Mediated Dialoguecited by 1
- 2025Stack Transformer Based Spatial-Temporal Attention Model for Dynamic Sign Language and Fingerspelling Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025DESign: Dynamic Context-Aware Convolution and Efficient Subnet Regularization for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025Skeleton-based sign language recognition using a dual-stream spatio-temporal dynamic graph convolutional networkcited by 0
- 2025Seeing, Signing, and Saying: A Vision-Language Model-Assisted Pipeline for Sign Language Data Acquisition and Curation from Social Mediacited by 0
- 2025Data-Efficient American Sign Language Recognition via Few-Shot Prototypical Networkscited by 0
- 2026BHaRNet: Reliability-Aware Body-Hand Modality Expertized Networks for Fine-grained Skeleton Action Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026FEA-SLT: A Gloss-Free End-to-End Framework for Facial-Expression-Aware Sign Language Translationcited by 0
- 2026Beyond a Single Reference: Training and Evaluation with Paraphrases in Sign Language Translationcited by 0
- 2026STARK: Spatio-Temporal Attention for Representation of Keypoints for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026LA-Sign: Looped Transformers with Geometry-aware Alignment for Skeleton-based Sign Language Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMscited by 0
- 2026SignDPO: Multi-level Direct Preference Optimisation for Skeleton-based Gloss-free Sign Language Translationcited by 0
- 2026Towards Multi-View Sign Language Understanding: A Benchmark Dataset and Baselinecited by 0
- 2026Towards Continuous Sign Language Conversation from Isolated Signscited by 0
- 2026Direct Translation between Sign Languagescited by 0
- 2026Corpus Augmentation for Sign Language Translation via LLM-Guided Video Stitchingcited by 0
- 2026Sign-Language Datasets at Scale: A Comprehensive Survey on Resources, Benchmarks, and Annotation Standardscited by 0
- 2026SignNet-1M: Large-Scale Multilingual Sign Language Video Dataset with Downstream Benchmarkscited by 0
- 2026VTaMo: Video-Text Alignment Model for Sign Language Translationcited by 0
- 2026Q-BridgeNet: A Quantization Network for Cross-Lingual Sign Language Translationcited by 0
- 2026Attention-Steered Vision-Language Models for Sign Language Translationcited by 0
- 2026Bridging the Gap Between Semantics and Reconstruction:Unifying Sign Language Translation and Productioncited by 0
- 2026ODE-Based Transformer Decoders for Iterative Sign Language Translationcited by 0
- 2026SignMatch: Matching Dictionary Signs to Continuous Sign Language Videocited by 0
- 2026SeRV: Semantic-Aligned Residual Vector Quantization for American Sign Language Generationcited by 0
- 2026SignDino: Self-Supervised Sign Language Representation Learning via Temporal-Axis Self-Distillationcited by 0
- 2026SignRefine: Adapting Foundational Video Models for Sign Language Generationcited by 0
50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2026ReSCUE: Re-translation with Sentence Commitment for Unsegmented Long-Form Simultaneous Sign Language Translation2 Oct 2026
- 2026Machine Translation for Sign Languages1 Oct 2026
- 2026SignFLIP: A Unified Model for Sign Language Translation and Generation via Stage-wise Alignment at Scale28 Sep 2026
- 2026OneSign: Unifying Sign Language Understanding Tasks with One Model27 Sep 2026
- 2026SignGPT: Toward LLM-Mediated Sign Language Interaction through Gloss-Free Translation and Generation18 Sep 2026
- 2026SignMimic: Robust High-Quality Sign Language Motion Generation via Human-Shape-Oblivious Pose Transfer Guidance12 Sep 2026
- 2026SignRefine: Adapting Foundational Video Models for Sign Language Generation8 Sep 2026
- 2026SignDino: Self-Supervised Sign Language Representation Learning via Temporal-Axis Self-Distillation5 Sep 2026
- 2026SeRV: Semantic-Aligned Residual Vector Quantization for American Sign Language Generation4 Sep 2026
- 2026SignMatch: Matching Dictionary Signs to Continuous Sign Language Video1 Sep 2026
- 2026ODE-Based Transformer Decoders for Iterative Sign Language Translation11 Aug 2026
- 2026Bridging the Gap Between Semantics and Reconstruction:Unifying Sign Language Translation and Production10 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026Investigating Multimodal Informativity under Different Partner Visibility Conditions in Video-Mediated Dialogue9 Aug 2026
- 2026Attention-Steered Vision-Language Models for Sign Language Translation31 Jul 2026
- 2026Sign Language Question Answering: A New Task, Benchmark, and Baseline for Sign Language Understanding30 Jul 2026
- 2026Q-BridgeNet: A Quantization Network for Cross-Lingual Sign Language Translation13 Jul 2026
- 2026VTaMo: Video-Text Alignment Model for Sign Language Translation10 Jul 2026
- 2026BackTranslation2.0 -- A Linguistically Motivated Metric to Assess Sign Language Production27 Jun 2026
- 2026SIGNET: Motion-Level Knowledge Transfer for Cross-Language Sign Language Translation26 Jun 2026
- 2026SignNet-1M: Large-Scale Multilingual Sign Language Video Dataset with Downstream Benchmarks23 Jun 2026
- 2026Corpus Augmentation for Sign Language Translation via LLM-Guided Video Stitching10 Jun 2026
- 2026Direct Translation between Sign Languages20 May 2026
- 2026Towards Continuous Sign Language Conversation from Isolated Signs14 May 2026
- 2026Sign-Language Datasets at Scale: A Comprehensive Survey on Resources, Benchmarks, and Annotation Standards28 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Multi-View Sign Language Understanding: A Benchmark Dataset and Baseline20 Apr 2026
- 2026SignDPO: Multi-level Direct Preference Optimisation for Skeleton-based Gloss-free Sign Language Translation20 Apr 2026
- 2026Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs13 Apr 2026
- 2026LA-Sign: Looped Transformers with Geometry-aware Alignment for Skeleton-based Sign Language Recognition30 Mar 2026
- 2026M3T: Discrete Multi-Modal Motion Tokens for Sign Language Production24 Mar 2026
- 2026SignAgent: Agentic LLMs for Linguistically-Grounded Sign Language Annotation and Dataset Curation19 Mar 2026
- 2026STARK: Spatio-Temporal Attention for Representation of Keypoints for Continuous Sign Language Recognition17 Mar 2026
- 2026SignSparK: Efficient Multilingual Sign Language Production via Sparse Keyframe Learning11 Mar 2026
- 2026Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation: An Unbiased Evaluation of Progress in the Field18 Feb 2026
- 2026Beyond a Single Reference: Training and Evaluation with Paraphrases in Sign Language Translation29 Jan 2026
- 2026MaDiS: Taming Masked Diffusion Language Models for Sign Language Generation27 Jan 2026
- 2026FEA-SLT: A Gloss-Free End-to-End Framework for Facial-Expression-Aware Sign Language Translation7 Jan 2026
- 2026BHaRNet: Reliability-Aware Body-Hand Modality Expertized Networks for Fine-grained Skeleton Action Recognition1 Jan 2026
- 2025Data-Efficient American Sign Language Recognition via Few-Shot Prototypical Networks11 Dec 2025
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignment8 Dec 2025
- 2025RVLF: A Reinforcing Vision-Language Framework for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation8 Dec 2025
- 2025Seeing, Signing, and Saying: A Vision-Language Model-Assisted Pipeline for Sign Language Data Acquisition and Curation from Social Media29 Oct 2025
- 2025SONAR-SLT: Multilingual Sign Language Translation via Language-Agnostic Sentence Embedding Supervision22 Oct 2025
- 2025Skeleton-based sign language recognition using a dual-stream spatio-temporal dynamic graph convolutional network10 Sep 2025
- 2025Towards Inclusive Communication: A Unified Framework for Generating Spoken Language from Sign, Lip, and Audio28 Aug 2025
- 2025SignBind-LLM: Multi-Stage Modality Fusion for Sign Language Translation20 Aug 2025
- 2025SAGE: Segment-Aware Gloss-Free Encoding for Token-Efficient Sign Language Translation12 Jul 2025
- 2025Sign Spotting Disambiguation using Large Language Models4 Jul 2025
- 2025DESign: Dynamic Context-Aware Convolution and Efficient Subnet Regularization for Continuous Sign Language Recognition4 Jul 2025
- 2025Using Sign Language Production as Data Augmentation to enhance Sign Language Translation11 Jun 2025
- 2025Isharah: A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Continuous Sign Language Recognition4 Jun 2025
50 newest of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2025Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translationcited by 12
- 2025Geo-Sign: Hyperbolic Contrastive Regularisation for Geometrically Aware Sign Language Translationcited by 12
- 2026Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation: An Unbiased Evaluation of Progress in the Fieldcited by 9
- 2025Isharah: A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 6
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignmentcited by 6
- 2025Body-Hand Modality Expertized Networks with Cross-attention for Fine-grained Skeleton Action Recognitioncited by 4
- 2025SignX: Continuous Sign Recognition in Compact Pose-Rich Latent Spacecited by 4
- 2025Using Sign Language Production as Data Augmentation to enhance Sign Language Translationcited by 3
- 2025SONAR-SLT: Multilingual Sign Language Translation via Language-Agnostic Sentence Embedding Supervisioncited by 3
- 2025Logos as a Well-Tempered Pre-train for Sign Language Recognitioncited by 2
- 2026SignSparK: Efficient Multilingual Sign Language Production via Sparse Keyframe Learningcited by 2
- 2026M3T: Discrete Multi-Modal Motion Tokens for Sign Language Productioncited by 2
12 most cited of 46 All 46 (JSON)
- 2026ReSCUE: Re-translation with Sentence Commitment for Unsegmented Long-Form Simultaneous Sign Language Translation2 Oct 2026
- 2026Machine Translation for Sign Languages1 Oct 2026
- 2026SignFLIP: A Unified Model for Sign Language Translation and Generation via Stage-wise Alignment at Scale28 Sep 2026
- 2026SignGPT: Toward LLM-Mediated Sign Language Interaction through Gloss-Free Translation and Generation18 Sep 2026
- 2026SignMimic: Robust High-Quality Sign Language Motion Generation via Human-Shape-Oblivious Pose Transfer Guidance12 Sep 2026
- 2026SeRV: Semantic-Aligned Residual Vector Quantization for American Sign Language Generation4 Sep 2026
- 2026SignMatch: Matching Dictionary Signs to Continuous Sign Language Video1 Sep 2026
- 2026ODE-Based Transformer Decoders for Iterative Sign Language Translation11 Aug 2026
- 2026Bridging the Gap Between Semantics and Reconstruction:Unifying Sign Language Translation and Production10 Aug 2026
- 2026Investigating Multimodal Informativity under Different Partner Visibility Conditions in Video-Mediated Dialogue9 Aug 2026
- 2026Sign Language Question Answering: A New Task, Benchmark, and Baseline for Sign Language Understanding30 Jul 2026
- 2026Q-BridgeNet: A Quantization Network for Cross-Lingual Sign Language Translation13 Jul 2026
12 newest of 46 All 46 (JSON)