mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MS-ASL: A Large-Scale Data Set and Benchmark for Understanding American Sign Language

arXiv 1812.01053 ↗First posted 3 Dec 2018cs.CVcited by 118

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Abstract (arXiv)

Sign language recognition is a challenging and often underestimated problem comprising multi-modal articulators (handshape, orientation, movement, upper body and face) that integrate asynchronously on multiple streams. Learning powerful statistical models in such a scenario requires much data, particularly to apply recent advances of the field. However, labeled data is a scarce resource for sign language due to the enormous cost of transcribing these unwritten languages. We propose the first real-life large-scale sign language data set comprising over 25,000 annotated videos, which we thoroughly evaluate with state-of-the-art methods from sign and related action recognition. Unlike the current state-of-the-art, the data set allows to investigate the generalization to unseen individuals (signer-independent test) in a realistic setting with over 200 signers. Previous work mostly deals with limited vocabulary tasks, while here, we cover a large class count of 1000 signs in challenging and unconstrained real-life recording conditions. We further propose I3D, known from video classifications, as a powerful and suitable architecture for sign language recognition, outperforming the current state-of-the-art by a large margin. The data set is publicly available to the community.

Key facts. Cited by 118 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Dec 2018.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 19; 2022: 15; 2023: 21; 2024: 30; 2025: 18; 2026: 15.

118 papers.

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  1. 2021Improving Sign Language Translation with Monolingual Data by Sign Back-Translationcited by 179
  2. 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 130
  3. 2023Gloss-free Sign Language Translation: Improving from Visual-Language Pretrainingcited by 105
  4. 2021Visual Alignment Constraint for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 80
  5. 2022A Simple Multi-Modality Transfer Learning Baseline for Sign Language Translationcited by 80
  6. 2023YouTube-ASL: A Large-Scale, Open-Domain American Sign Language-English Parallel Corpuscited by 75
  7. 2021Including Signed Languages in Natural Language Processingcited by 68
  8. 2021SignBERT: Pre-Training of Hand-Model-Aware Representation for Sign Language Recognitioncited by 60
  9. 2023SignBERT+: Hand-model-aware Self-supervised Pre-training for Sign Language Understandingcited by 59
  10. 2024Sign2GPT: Leveraging Large Language Models for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translationcited by 57
  11. 2025Uni-Sign: Toward Unified Sign Language Understanding at Scalecited by 56
  12. 2023Gloss Attention for Gloss-free Sign Language Translationcited by 51
38 more
  1. 2023Neural Sign Actors: A diffusion model for 3D sign language production from textcited by 49
  2. 2023Natural Language-Assisted Sign Language Recognitioncited by 46
  3. 2023Sign Language Translation from Instructional Videoscited by 39
  4. 2023BEST: BERT Pre-Training for Sign Language Recognition with Coupling Tokenizationcited by 35
  5. 2021Read and Attend: Temporal Localisation in Sign Language Videoscited by 34
  6. 2023ASL Citizen: A Community-Sourced Dataset for Advancing Isolated Sign Language Recognitioncited by 34
  7. 2023CiCo: Domain-Aware Sign Language Retrieval via Cross-Lingual Contrastive Learningcited by 33
  8. 2021Content4All Open Research Sign Language Translation Datasetscited by 30
  9. 2023SignAvatars: A Large-scale 3D Sign Language Holistic Motion Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 29
  10. 2021BBC-Oxford British Sign Language Datasetcited by 28
  11. 2021SimulSLT: End-to-End Simultaneous Sign Language Translationcited by 27
  12. 2023Improving Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Cross-Lingual Signscited by 27
  13. 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Context: Sign Language Translation with Contextual Cuescited by 26
  14. 2021Evaluating the Immediate Applicability of Pose Estimation for Sign Language Recognitioncited by 25
  15. 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Human Video Generation: Challenges, Methods, and Insightscited by 25
  16. 2024C2RL: Content and Context Representation Learning for Gloss-free Sign Language Translation and Retrievalcited by 24
  17. 2022Sign Language Video Retrieval with Free-Form Textual Queriescited by 23
  18. 2024SHuBERT: Self-Supervised Sign Language Representation Learning via Multi-Stream Cluster Predictioncited by 22
  19. 2024Scaling up Multimodal Pre-training for Sign Language Understandingcited by 21
  20. 2024Signs as Tokens: A Retrieval-Enhanced Multilingual Sign Language Generatorcited by 21
  21. 2022Automatic dense annotation of large-vocabulary sign language videoscited by 20
  22. 2024A Simple Baseline for Spoken Language to Sign Language Translation with 3D Avatarscited by 19
  23. 2023The Sem-Lex Benchmark: Modeling ASL Signs and Their Phonemescited by 17
  24. 2021Sign Language Recognition via Skeleton-Aware Multi-Model Ensemblecited by 16
  25. 2023Is context all you need? Scaling Neural Sign Language Translation to Large Domains of Discoursecited by 15
  26. 2024A Tale of Two Languages: Large-Vocabulary Continuous Sign Language Recognition from Spoken Language Supervisioncited by 15
  27. 2025SignRep: Enhancing Self-Supervised Sign Representationscited by 15
  28. 2024Towards Online Continuous Sign Language Recognition and Translationcited by 14
  29. 2024LLaVA-SLT: Visual Language Tuning for Sign Language Translationcited by 14
  30. 2022Towards Zero-shot Sign Language Recognitioncited by 13
  31. 2024MASA: Motion-aware Masked Autoencoder with Semantic Alignment for Sign Language Recognitioncited by 13
  32. 2021Using Motion History Images with 3D Convolutional Networks in Isolated Sign Language Recognitioncited by 12
  33. 2022Scaling up sign spotting through sign language dictionariescited by 12
  34. 2021PiSLTRc: Position-informed Sign Language Transformer with Content-aware Convolutioncited by 11
  35. 2021ChaLearn LAP Large Scale Signer Independent Isolated Sign Language Recognition Challenge: Design, Results and Future Researchcited by 10
  36. 2022Weakly-supervised Fingerspelling Recognition in British Sign Language Videoscited by 10
  37. 2025Survey on Hand Gesture Recognition from Visual Inputcited by 10
  38. 2026Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation: An Unbiased Evaluation of Progress in the Fieldcited by 9

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