Visual Alignment Constraint for Continuous Sign Language Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Vision-based Continuous Sign Language Recognition (CSLR) aims to recognize unsegmented signs from image streams. Overfitting is one of the most critical problems in CSLR training, and previous works show that the iterative training scheme can partially solve this problem while also costing more training time. In this study, we revisit the iterative training scheme in recent CSLR works and realize that sufficient training of the feature extractor is critical to solving the overfitting problem. Therefore, we propose a Visual Alignment Constraint (VAC) to enhance the feature extractor with alignment supervision. Specifically, the proposed VAC comprises two auxiliary losses: one focuses on visual features only, and the other enforces prediction alignment between the feature extractor and the alignment module. Moreover, we propose two metrics to reflect overfitting by measuring the prediction inconsistency between the feature extractor and the alignment module. Experimental results on two challenging CSLR datasets show that the proposed VAC makes CSLR networks end-to-end trainable and achieves competitive performance.
Key facts. Cited by 79 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Apr 2021.
Builds on
22 of 53 references.
References · 22
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
- 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
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- 2013Speech Recognition with Deep Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 666
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- 2020Sign Language Transformers: Joint End-to-end Sign Language Recognition and Translationcited by 254
- 2017NormFace: L2 Hypersphere Embedding for Face Verificationcited by 237
- 2019Word-level Deep Sign Language Recognition from Video: A New Large-scale Dataset and Methods Comparisoncited by 217
- 2020Overcoming Classifier Imbalance for Long-tail Object Detection with Balanced Group Softmaxcited by 152
10 more
- 2018MS-ASL: A Large-Scale Data Set and Benchmark for Understanding American Sign Languagecited by 118
- 2018Video-based Sign Language Recognition without Temporal Segmentationcited by 88
- 2019Sign Language Recognition, Generation, and Translation: An Interdisciplinary Perspectivecited by 87
- 2020Spatial-Temporal Multi-Cue Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 74
- 2020Transferring Cross-domain Knowledge for Video Sign Language Recognitioncited by 60
- 2020Fully Convolutional Networks for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 58
- 2017Z-Forcing: Training Stochastic Recurrent Networkscited by 51
- 2020Boosting Continuous Sign Language Recognition via Cross Modality Augmentationcited by 40
- 2018Hierarchical Multi Task Learning With CTCcited by 20
- 2019SF-Net: Structured Feature Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 20
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 11; 2023: 20; 2024: 18; 2025: 20; 2026: 9.
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- 2022Two-Stream Network for Sign Language Recognition and Translationcited by 122
- 2023Gloss-free Sign Language Translation: Improving from Visual-Language Pretrainingcited by 104
- 2023SignBERT+: Hand-model-aware Self-supervised Pre-training for Sign Language Understandingcited by 59
- 2023Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Correlation Networkcited by 56
- 2025Uni-Sign: Toward Unified Sign Language Understanding at Scalecited by 55
- 2023Gloss Attention for Gloss-free Sign Language Translationcited by 50
- 2023Natural Language-Assisted Sign Language Recognitioncited by 46
- 2023CVT-SLR: Contrastive Visual-Textual Transformation for Sign Language Recognition with Variational Alignmentcited by 44
- 2023Sign Language Translation from Instructional Videoscited by 39
- 2022Self-Emphasizing Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 33
- 2024Improving Gloss-free Sign Language Translation by Reducing Representation Densitycited by 30
- 2023Improving Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Cross-Lingual Signscited by 27
38 more
- 2022Temporal Lift Pooling for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 26
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Context: Sign Language Translation with Contextual Cuescited by 25
- 2023Sign Language Translation with Iterative Prototypecited by 20
- 2024Scaling up Multimodal Pre-training for Sign Language Understandingcited by 20
- 2024A Simple Baseline for Spoken Language to Sign Language Translation with 3D Avatarscited by 18
- 2023Cross-modality Data Augmentation for End-to-End Sign Language Translationcited by 16
- 2024Towards Online Continuous Sign Language Recognition and Translationcited by 13
- 2022Improving Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Consistency Constraints and Signer Removalcited by 11
- 2023Self-Sufficient Framework for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 11
- 2023AdaBrowse: Adaptive Video Browser for Efficient Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 10
- 2023SlowFast Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 10
- 2024Multi-Stream Keypoint Attention Network for Sign Language Recognition and Translationcited by 9
- 2026Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation: An Unbiased Evaluation of Progress in the Fieldcited by 9
- 2022Signing Outside the Studio: Benchmarking Background Robustness for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 8
- 2021Transcribing Natural Languages for The Deaf via Neural Editing Programscited by 7
- 2024CorrNet+: Sign Language Recognition and Translation via Spatial-Temporal Correlationcited by 7
- 2024EvSign: Sign Language Recognition and Translation with Streaming Eventscited by 6
- 2025Deep Understanding of Sign Language for Sign to Subtitle Alignmentcited by 6
- 2025Isharah: A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 6
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignmentcited by 6
- 2022A Comprehensive Review of Sign Language Recognition: Different Types, Modalities, and Datasetscited by 5
- 2023Learnt Contrastive Concept Embeddings for Sign Recognitioncited by 5
- 2023Progressive Multi-Modality Learning for Inverse Protein Foldingcited by 5
- 2024SignVTCL: Multi-Modal Continuous Sign Language Recognition Enhanced by Visual-Textual Contrastive Learningcited by 5
- 2024Continuous Sign Language Recognition Using Intra-inter Gloss Attentioncited by 5
- 2024TCNet: Continuous Sign Language Recognition from Trajectories and Correlated Regionscited by 4
- 2024SCOPE: Sign Language Contextual Processing with Embedding from LLMscited by 4
- 2025CLIP-SLA: Parameter-Efficient CLIP Adaptation for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 4
- 2022Multi-scale temporal network for continuous sign language recognitioncited by 3
- 2023A Survey on Deep Multi-modal Learning for Body Language Recognition and Generationcited by 3
- 2024Continuous Sign Language Recognition Based on Motor attention mechanism and frame-level Self-distillationcited by 3
- 2024Improving Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Adapted Image Modelscited by 3
- 2025Understanding Co-speech Gestures in-the-wildcited by 3
- 2025Using Sign Language Production as Data Augmentation to enhance Sign Language Translationcited by 3
- 2023VK-G2T: Vision and Context Knowledge enhanced Gloss2Textcited by 2
- 2024A Chinese Continuous Sign Language Dataset Based on Complex Environmentscited by 2
- 2026Sign Language Question Answering: A New Task, Benchmark, and Baseline for Sign Language Understandingcited by 2
- 2022Continuous Sign Language Recognition via Temporal Super-Resolution Networkcited by 1
50 most cited of 79 All 79 (JSON)
- 2026OneSign: Unifying Sign Language Understanding Tasks with One Model27 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Sign Language Recognition under Label Noise: A Study of Noise-Robust Losses for Isolated and Continuous Settings11 Sep 2026
- 2026SMART: MLLM-guided Temporal Alignment for Unifying Sign Language Recognition and Spotting26 Aug 2026
- 2026ODE-Based Transformer Decoders for Iterative Sign Language Translation11 Aug 2026
- 2026Sign Language Question Answering: A New Task, Benchmark, and Baseline for Sign Language Understanding30 Jul 2026
- 2026Do Transformer Temporal Heads and Post-Pooling Motion Gates Help CorrNet-based CSLR? An Empirical Study10 Jul 2026
- 2026Towards Multi-View Sign Language Understanding: A Benchmark Dataset and Baseline20 Apr 2026
- 2026FR-GESTURE: An RGBD Dataset For Gesture-based Human-Robot Interaction In First Responder Operations19 Feb 2026
- 2026Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation: An Unbiased Evaluation of Progress in the Field18 Feb 2026
- 2025USTM: Unified Spatial and Temporal Modeling for Continuous Sign Language Recognition15 Dec 2025
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignment8 Dec 2025
- 2025Spatio-temporal Sign Language Representation and Translation22 Oct 2025
38 more
- 2025IsoSignVid2Aud: Sign Language Video to Audio Conversion without Text Intermediaries9 Oct 2025
- 2025SignBind-LLM: Multi-Stage Modality Fusion for Sign Language Translation20 Aug 2025
- 2025A Signer-Invariant Conformer and Multi-Scale Fusion Transformer for Continuous Sign Language Recognition12 Aug 2025
- 2025CTC Transcription Alignment of the Bullinger Letters: Automatic Improvement of Annotation Quality11 Aug 2025
- 2025AutoSign: Direct Pose-to-Text Translation for Continuous Sign Language Recognition26 Jul 2025
- 2025SAGE: Segment-Aware Gloss-Free Encoding for Token-Efficient Sign Language Translation12 Jul 2025
- 2025DESign: Dynamic Context-Aware Convolution and Efficient Subnet Regularization for Continuous Sign Language Recognition4 Jul 2025
- 2025Hierarchical Sub-action Tree for Continuous Sign Language Recognition26 Jun 2025
- 2025Using Sign Language Production as Data Augmentation to enhance Sign Language Translation11 Jun 2025
- 2025Isharah: A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Continuous Sign Language Recognition4 Jun 2025
- 2025Graph Network for Sign Language Tasks16 Apr 2025
- 2025CLIP-SLA: Parameter-Efficient CLIP Adaptation for Continuous Sign Language Recognition2 Apr 2025
- 2025Understanding Co-speech Gestures in-the-wild28 Mar 2025
- 2025OLMD: Orientation-aware Long-term Motion Decoupling for Continuous Sign Language Recognition11 Mar 2025
- 2025Deep Understanding of Sign Language for Sign to Subtitle Alignment5 Mar 2025
- 2025Uni-Sign: Toward Unified Sign Language Understanding at Scale25 Jan 2025
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Context: Sign Language Translation with Contextual Cues16 Jan 2025
- 2024Training Strategies for Isolated Sign Language Recognition16 Dec 2024
- 2024A Chinese Continuous Sign Language Dataset Based on Complex Environments18 Sep 2024
- 2024SCOPE: Sign Language Contextual Processing with Embedding from LLMs2 Sep 2024
- 2024Event Stream-based Sign Language Translation: A High-Definition Benchmark Dataset and A Novel Baseline20 Aug 2024
- 2024Scaling up Multimodal Pre-training for Sign Language Understanding16 Aug 2024
- 2024EvSign: Sign Language Recognition and Translation with Streaming Events17 Jul 2024
- 2024Continuous Sign Language Recognition Using Intra-inter Gloss Attention26 Jun 2024
- 2024A Comparative Study of Continuous Sign Language Recognition Techniques18 Jun 2024
- 2024Improving Gloss-free Sign Language Translation by Reducing Representation Density23 May 2024
- 2024Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Adapted Conformer via Unsupervised Pretraining20 May 2024
- 2024Multi-Stream Keypoint Attention Network for Sign Language Recognition and Translation9 May 2024
- 2024CorrNet+: Sign Language Recognition and Translation via Spatial-Temporal Correlation17 Apr 2024
- 2024Improving Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Adapted Image Models12 Apr 2024
- 2024TCNet: Continuous Sign Language Recognition from Trajectories and Correlated Regions18 Mar 2024
- 2024Continuous Sign Language Recognition Based on Motor attention mechanism and frame-level Self-distillation29 Feb 2024
- 2024SignVTCL: Multi-Modal Continuous Sign Language Recognition Enhanced by Visual-Textual Contrastive Learning22 Jan 2024
- 2024Towards Online Continuous Sign Language Recognition and Translation10 Jan 2024
- 2024A Simple Baseline for Spoken Language to Sign Language Translation with 3D Avatars9 Jan 2024
- 2023VK-G2T: Vision and Context Knowledge enhanced Gloss2Text15 Dec 2023
- 2023Progressive Multi-Modality Learning for Inverse Protein Folding11 Dec 2023
- 2023SlowFast Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognition21 Sep 2023
50 newest of 79 All 79 (JSON)
- 2022Two-Stream Network for Sign Language Recognition and Translationcited by 122
- 2023Gloss-free Sign Language Translation: Improving from Visual-Language Pretrainingcited by 104
- 2023SignBERT+: Hand-model-aware Self-supervised Pre-training for Sign Language Understandingcited by 59
- 2023Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Correlation Networkcited by 56
- 2025Uni-Sign: Toward Unified Sign Language Understanding at Scalecited by 55
- 2023Gloss Attention for Gloss-free Sign Language Translationcited by 50
- 2023Natural Language-Assisted Sign Language Recognitioncited by 46
- 2023CVT-SLR: Contrastive Visual-Textual Transformation for Sign Language Recognition with Variational Alignmentcited by 44
- 2023Sign Language Translation from Instructional Videoscited by 39
- 2022Self-Emphasizing Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 33
- 2024Improving Gloss-free Sign Language Translation by Reducing Representation Densitycited by 30
- 2023Improving Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Cross-Lingual Signscited by 27
12 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)
- 2026Learning Sign Language Recognition under Label Noise: A Study of Noise-Robust Losses for Isolated and Continuous Settings11 Sep 2026
- 2026SMART: MLLM-guided Temporal Alignment for Unifying Sign Language Recognition and Spotting26 Aug 2026
- 2026ODE-Based Transformer Decoders for Iterative Sign Language Translation11 Aug 2026
- 2026Sign Language Question Answering: A New Task, Benchmark, and Baseline for Sign Language Understanding30 Jul 2026
- 2026Do Transformer Temporal Heads and Post-Pooling Motion Gates Help CorrNet-based CSLR? An Empirical Study10 Jul 2026
- 2026Towards Multi-View Sign Language Understanding: A Benchmark Dataset and Baseline20 Apr 2026
- 2026FR-GESTURE: An RGBD Dataset For Gesture-based Human-Robot Interaction In First Responder Operations19 Feb 2026
- 2026Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation: An Unbiased Evaluation of Progress in the Field18 Feb 2026
- 2025USTM: Unified Spatial and Temporal Modeling for Continuous Sign Language Recognition15 Dec 2025
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignment8 Dec 2025
- 2025Spatio-temporal Sign Language Representation and Translation22 Oct 2025
- 2025IsoSignVid2Aud: Sign Language Video to Audio Conversion without Text Intermediaries9 Oct 2025
12 newest of 77 All 77 (JSON)