mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Simple Multi-Modality Transfer Learning Baseline for Sign Language Translation

arXiv 2203.04287 ↗First posted 8 Mar 2022cs.CVcited by 80

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper proposes a simple transfer learning baseline for sign language translation. Existing sign language datasets (e.g. PHOENIX-2014T, CSL-Daily) contain only about 10K-20K pairs of sign videos, gloss annotations and texts, which are an order of magnitude smaller than typical parallel data for training spoken language translation models. Data is thus a bottleneck for training effective sign language translation models. To mitigate this problem, we propose to progressively pretrain the model from general-domain datasets that include a large amount of external supervision to within-domain datasets. Concretely, we pretrain the sign-to-gloss visual network on the general domain of human actions and the within-domain of a sign-to-gloss dataset, and pretrain the gloss-to-text translation network on the general domain of a multilingual corpus and the within-domain of a gloss-to-text corpus. The joint model is fine-tuned with an additional module named the visual-language mapper that connects the two networks. This simple baseline surpasses the previous state-of-the-art results on two sign language translation benchmarks, demonstrating the effectiveness of transfer learning. With its simplicity and strong performance, this approach can serve as a solid baseline for future research. Code and models are available at: https://github.com/FangyunWei/SLRT.

Key facts. Cited by 80 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Mar 2022.

Builds on

35 of 50 references.

References · 35

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23 more
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  19. 2020TSPNet: Hierarchical Feature Learning via Temporal Semantic Pyramid for Sign Language Translationcited by 75
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 17; 2024: 20; 2025: 25; 2026: 12.

80 papers.

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  1. 2022Two-Stream Network for Sign Language Recognition and Translationcited by 122
  2. 2023Gloss-free Sign Language Translation: Improving from Visual-Language Pretrainingcited by 104
  3. 2024LLMs are Good Sign Language Translatorscited by 76
  4. 2022Open-Domain Sign Language Translation Learned from Online Videocited by 72
  5. 2024Sign2GPT: Leveraging Large Language Models for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translationcited by 56
  6. 2025Uni-Sign: Toward Unified Sign Language Understanding at Scalecited by 55
  7. 2023Gloss Attention for Gloss-free Sign Language Translationcited by 50
  8. 2023Neural Sign Actors: A diffusion model for 3D sign language production from textcited by 48
  9. 2023Natural Language-Assisted Sign Language Recognitioncited by 46
  10. 2023CVT-SLR: Contrastive Visual-Textual Transformation for Sign Language Recognition with Variational Alignmentcited by 44
  11. 2023Sign Language Translation from Instructional Videoscited by 39
  12. 2023SLTUNET: A Simple Unified Model for Sign Language Translationcited by 35
38 more
  1. 2023CiCo: Domain-Aware Sign Language Retrieval via Cross-Lingual Contrastive Learningcited by 32
  2. 2023Gloss-Free End-to-End Sign Language Translationcited by 31
  3. 2024Improving Gloss-free Sign Language Translation by Reducing Representation Densitycited by 30
  4. 2022Frame-wise Action Representations for Long Videos via Sequence Contrastive Learningcited by 27
  5. 2023Improving Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Cross-Lingual Signscited by 27
  6. 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Context: Sign Language Translation with Contextual Cuescited by 25
  7. 2024C2RL: Content and Context Representation Learning for Gloss-free Sign Language Translation and Retrievalcited by 23
  8. 2023Sign Language Translation with Iterative Prototypecited by 20
  9. 2024Scaling up Multimodal Pre-training for Sign Language Understandingcited by 20
  10. 2024Signs as Tokens: A Retrieval-Enhanced Multilingual Sign Language Generatorcited by 20
  11. 2024A Simple Baseline for Spoken Language to Sign Language Translation with 3D Avatarscited by 18
  12. 2023Cross-modality Data Augmentation for End-to-End Sign Language Translationcited by 16
  13. 2023Is context all you need? Scaling Neural Sign Language Translation to Large Domains of Discoursecited by 15
  14. 2024Leveraging the Power of MLLMs for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translationcited by 13
  15. 2025Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translationcited by 12
  16. 2022Improving Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Consistency Constraints and Signer Removalcited by 11
  17. 2022A Token-level Contrastive Framework for Sign Language Translationcited by 10
  18. 2023SlowFast Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 10
  19. 2026Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation: An Unbiased Evaluation of Progress in the Fieldcited by 9
  20. 2024Scaling Sign Language Translationcited by 8
  21. 2024CorrNet+: Sign Language Recognition and Translation via Spatial-Temporal Correlationcited by 7
  22. 2025Beyond Gloss: A Hand-Centric Framework for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translationcited by 7
  23. 2023Self-Supervised Video Transformers for Isolated Sign Language Recognitioncited by 6
  24. 2024EvSign: Sign Language Recognition and Translation with Streaming Eventscited by 6
  25. 2025Using Pre-trained LLMs for Multivariate Time Series Forecastingcited by 6
  26. 2025Deep Understanding of Sign Language for Sign to Subtitle Alignmentcited by 6
  27. 2025Isharah: A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 6
  28. 2025Hierarchical Feature Alignment for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translationcited by 6
  29. 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignmentcited by 6
  30. 2024SignVTCL: Multi-Modal Continuous Sign Language Recognition Enhanced by Visual-Textual Contrastive Learningcited by 5
  31. 2024A Spatio-Temporal Representation Learning as an Alternative to Traditional Glosses in Sign Language Translation and Productioncited by 5
  32. 2025Large Multimodal Models for Low-Resource Languages: A Surveycited by 4
  33. 2025Sign Language Translation using Frame and Event Stream: Benchmark Dataset and Algorithmscited by 4
  34. 2025Fusion or Confusion? Multimodal Complexity Is Not All You Needcited by 4
  35. 2024Signformer is all you need: Towards Edge AI for Sign Languagecited by 3
  36. 2025SignX: Continuous Sign Recognition in Compact Pose-Rich Latent Spacecited by 3
  37. 2023VK-G2T: Vision and Context Knowledge enhanced Gloss2Textcited by 2
  38. 2025GLoT: A Novel Gated-Logarithmic Transformer for Efficient Sign Language Translationcited by 2

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