Unbounded: A Generative Infinite Game of Character Life Simulation
On the map: World models → Video-generation world models and simulators
Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce the concept of a generative infinite game, a video game that transcends the traditional boundaries of finite, hard-coded systems by using generative models. Inspired by James P. Carse's distinction between finite and infinite games, we leverage recent advances in generative AI to create Unbounded: a game of character life simulation that is fully encapsulated in generative models. Specifically, Unbounded draws inspiration from sandbox life simulations and allows you to interact with your autonomous virtual character in a virtual world by feeding, playing with and guiding it - with open-ended mechanics generated by an LLM, some of which can be emergent. In order to develop Unbounded, we propose technical innovations in both the LLM and visual generation domains. Specifically, we present: (1) a specialized, distilled large language model (LLM) that dynamically generates game mechanics, narratives, and character interactions in real-time, and (2) a new dynamic regional image prompt Adapter (IP-Adapter) for vision models that ensures consistent yet flexible visual generation of a character across multiple environments. We evaluate our system through both qualitative and quantitative analysis, showing significant improvements in character life simulation, user instruction following, narrative coherence, and visual consistency for both characters and the environments compared to traditional related approaches.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Video-generation world models and simulators, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 74 of its 94 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2024.
Builds on
74 of 94 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Diffusion Models Are Real-Time Game Engines27 Aug
- 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environments23 Feb
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision26 Feb
Other references · 71
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 8; 2026: 4.
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- 2026DiVA: Enabling Interactive Digital Life Simulation via Video Modelscited by 0
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- 2026MAGIC: Transition-Aware Generation of Navigable Multi-Scene Game Worlds with Large Language Models13 Jul 2026
- 2025AnimAgents: Coordinating Multi-Stage Animation Pre-Production with Human-Multi-Agent Collaboration22 Nov 2025
- 2025Systematizing LLM Persona Design: A Four-Quadrant Technical Taxonomy for AI Companion Applications4 Nov 2025
- 2025AnimeGamer: Infinite Anime Life Simulation with Next Game State Prediction1 Apr 2025
- 2025Grammar and Gameplay-aligned RL for Game Description Generation with LLMs20 Mar 2025
- 2025Generative Models in Decision Making: A Survey24 Feb 2025
- 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for Active Merchant Non-player Characters15 Dec 2024
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