Bringing Stories Alive: Generating Interactive Fiction Worlds
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Abstract (arXiv)
World building forms the foundation of any task that requires narrative intelligence. In this work, we focus on procedurally generating interactive fiction worlds---text-based worlds that players "see" and "talk to" using natural language. Generating these worlds requires referencing everyday and thematic commonsense priors in addition to being semantically consistent, interesting, and coherent throughout. Using existing story plots as inspiration, we present a method that first extracts a partial knowledge graph encoding basic information regarding world structure such as locations and objects. This knowledge graph is then automatically completed utilizing thematic knowledge and used to guide a neural language generation model that fleshes out the rest of the world. We perform human participant-based evaluations, testing our neural model's ability to extract and fill-in a knowledge graph and to generate language conditioned on it against rule-based and human-made baselines. Our code is available at https://github.com/rajammanabrolu/WorldGeneration.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Jan 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 4; 2023: 5; 2024: 7; 2025: 6.
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- 2022Of Human Criteria and Automatic Metrics: A Benchmark of the Evaluation of Story Generationcited by 73
- 2021Inferring the Reader: Guiding Automated Story Generation with Commonsense Reasoningcited by 29
- 2023CALYPSO: LLMs as Dungeon Masters' Assistantscited by 23
- 2024Procedural Content Generation in Games: A Survey with Insights on Emerging LLM Integrationcited by 22
- 2022Open-world Story Generation with Structured Knowledge Enhancement: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 21
- 2021A Systematic Survey of Text Worlds as Embodied Natural Language Environmentscited by 17
- 2024What Makes a Good Story and How Can We Measure It? A Comprehensive Survey of Story Evaluationcited by 17
- 2023Games for Artificial Intelligence Research: A Review and Perspectivescited by 14
- 2024Unbounded: A Generative Infinite Game of Character Life Simulationcited by 14
- 2021Guiding Neural Story Generation with Reader Modelscited by 12
- 2021Modeling Worlds in Textcited by 11
- 2024GPT for Games: A Scoping Review (2020-2023)cited by 10
16 more
- 2024GPT for Games: An Updated Scoping Review (2020-2024)cited by 10
- 2021Situated Dialogue Learning through Procedural Environment Generationcited by 9
- 2022Creative Wand: A System to Study Effects of Communications in Co-Creative Settingscited by 9
- 2023Dialogue Shaping: Empowering Agents through NPC Interactioncited by 8
- 2023Story Shaping: Teaching Agents Human-like Behavior with Storiescited by 7
- 2023Envisioning Narrative Intelligence: A Creative Visual Storytelling Anthologycited by 7
- 2025From Masks to Worlds: A Hitchhiker's Guide to World Modelscited by 5
- 2025STORY2GAME: Generating (Almost) Everything in an Interactive Fiction Gamecited by 4
- 2025Word2Minecraft: Generating 3D Game Levels through Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2021Situated Language Learning via Interactive Narrativescited by 2
- 2025Guiding Generative Storytelling with Knowledge Graphscited by 2
- 2022Towards Explainable Social Agent Authoring tools: A case study on FAtiMA-Toolkitcited by 1
- 2025Pastiche Novel Generation Creating: Fan Fiction You Love in Your Favorite Author's Stylecited by 1
- 2024Generalizability of experimental studiescited by 0
- 2024WHAT-IF: Exploring Branching Narratives by Meta-Prompting Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025GenQuest: An LLM-based Text Adventure Game for Language Learnerscited by 0
- 2025From Masks to Worlds: A Hitchhiker's Guide to World Models23 Oct 2025
- 2025GenQuest: An LLM-based Text Adventure Game for Language Learners6 Oct 2025
- 2025Guiding Generative Storytelling with Knowledge Graphs30 May 2025
- 2025STORY2GAME: Generating (Almost) Everything in an Interactive Fiction Game6 May 2025
- 2025Word2Minecraft: Generating 3D Game Levels through Large Language Models18 Mar 2025
- 2025Pastiche Novel Generation Creating: Fan Fiction You Love in Your Favorite Author's Style21 Feb 2025
- 2024WHAT-IF: Exploring Branching Narratives by Meta-Prompting Large Language Models13 Dec 2024
- 2024GPT for Games: An Updated Scoping Review (2020-2024)1 Nov 2024
- 2024Unbounded: A Generative Infinite Game of Character Life Simulation24 Oct 2024
- 2024Procedural Content Generation in Games: A Survey with Insights on Emerging LLM Integration21 Oct 2024
- 2024What Makes a Good Story and How Can We Measure It? A Comprehensive Survey of Story Evaluation26 Aug 2024
- 2024Generalizability of experimental studies25 Jun 2024
16 more
- 2024GPT for Games: A Scoping Review (2020-2023)27 Apr 2024
- 2023Envisioning Narrative Intelligence: A Creative Visual Storytelling Anthology6 Oct 2023
- 2023CALYPSO: LLMs as Dungeon Masters' Assistants15 Aug 2023
- 2023Dialogue Shaping: Empowering Agents through NPC Interaction28 Jul 2023
- 2023Games for Artificial Intelligence Research: A Review and Perspectives26 Apr 2023
- 2023Story Shaping: Teaching Agents Human-like Behavior with Stories24 Jan 2023
- 2022Open-world Story Generation with Structured Knowledge Enhancement: A Comprehensive Survey9 Dec 2022
- 2022Of Human Criteria and Automatic Metrics: A Benchmark of the Evaluation of Story Generation24 Aug 2022
- 2022Creative Wand: A System to Study Effects of Communications in Co-Creative Settings4 Aug 2022
- 2022Towards Explainable Social Agent Authoring tools: A case study on FAtiMA-Toolkit7 Jun 2022
- 2021Guiding Neural Story Generation with Reader Models16 Dec 2021
- 2021Situated Dialogue Learning through Procedural Environment Generation7 Oct 2021
- 2021A Systematic Survey of Text Worlds as Embodied Natural Language Environments8 Jul 2021
- 2021Modeling Worlds in Text17 Jun 2021
- 2021Inferring the Reader: Guiding Automated Story Generation with Commonsense Reasoning4 May 2021
- 2021Situated Language Learning via Interactive Narratives18 Mar 2021
- 2024Unbounded: A Generative Infinite Game of Character Life Simulationcited by 14
- 2021Modeling Worlds in Textcited by 11
- 2025From Masks to Worlds: A Hitchhiker's Guide to World Modelscited by 5
- 2025From Masks to Worlds: A Hitchhiker's Guide to World Models23 Oct 2025
- 2024Unbounded: A Generative Infinite Game of Character Life Simulation24 Oct 2024
- 2021Modeling Worlds in Text17 Jun 2021
- 2023Dialogue Shaping: Empowering Agents through NPC Interaction28 Jul 2023
- 2022Of Human Criteria and Automatic Metrics: A Benchmark of the Evaluation of Story Generationcited by 73
- 2021Inferring the Reader: Guiding Automated Story Generation with Commonsense Reasoningcited by 29
- 2023CALYPSO: LLMs as Dungeon Masters' Assistantscited by 23
- 2024Procedural Content Generation in Games: A Survey with Insights on Emerging LLM Integrationcited by 22
- 2022Open-world Story Generation with Structured Knowledge Enhancement: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 21
- 2021A Systematic Survey of Text Worlds as Embodied Natural Language Environmentscited by 17
- 2024What Makes a Good Story and How Can We Measure It? A Comprehensive Survey of Story Evaluationcited by 17
- 2023Games for Artificial Intelligence Research: A Review and Perspectivescited by 14
- 2021Guiding Neural Story Generation with Reader Modelscited by 12
- 2024GPT for Games: A Scoping Review (2020-2023)cited by 10
- 2024GPT for Games: An Updated Scoping Review (2020-2024)cited by 10
- 2021Situated Dialogue Learning through Procedural Environment Generationcited by 9
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2025GenQuest: An LLM-based Text Adventure Game for Language Learners6 Oct 2025
- 2025Guiding Generative Storytelling with Knowledge Graphs30 May 2025
- 2025STORY2GAME: Generating (Almost) Everything in an Interactive Fiction Game6 May 2025
- 2025Word2Minecraft: Generating 3D Game Levels through Large Language Models18 Mar 2025
- 2025Pastiche Novel Generation Creating: Fan Fiction You Love in Your Favorite Author's Style21 Feb 2025
- 2024WHAT-IF: Exploring Branching Narratives by Meta-Prompting Large Language Models13 Dec 2024
- 2024GPT for Games: An Updated Scoping Review (2020-2024)1 Nov 2024
- 2024Procedural Content Generation in Games: A Survey with Insights on Emerging LLM Integration21 Oct 2024
- 2024What Makes a Good Story and How Can We Measure It? A Comprehensive Survey of Story Evaluation26 Aug 2024
- 2024Generalizability of experimental studies25 Jun 2024
- 2024GPT for Games: A Scoping Review (2020-2023)27 Apr 2024
- 2023Envisioning Narrative Intelligence: A Creative Visual Storytelling Anthology6 Oct 2023
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)