Natural language is not enough: Benchmarking multi-modal generative AI for Verilog generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Natural language interfaces have exhibited considerable potential in the automation of Verilog generation derived from high-level specifications through the utilization of large language models, garnering significant attention. Nevertheless, this paper elucidates that visual representations contribute essential contextual information critical to design intent for hardware architectures possessing spatial complexity, potentially surpassing the efficacy of natural-language-only inputs. Expanding upon this premise, our paper introduces an open-source benchmark for multi-modal generative models tailored for Verilog synthesis from visual-linguistic inputs, addressing both singular and complex modules. Additionally, we introduce an open-source visual and natural language Verilog query language framework to facilitate efficient and user-friendly multi-modal queries. To evaluate the performance of the proposed multi-modal hardware generative AI in Verilog generation tasks, we compare it with a popular method that relies solely on natural language. Our results demonstrate a significant accuracy improvement in the multi-modal generated Verilog compared to queries based solely on natural language. We hope to reveal a new approach to hardware design in the large-hardware-design-model era, thereby fostering a more diversified and productive approach to hardware design.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jul 2024.
Builds on
13 of 20 references.
References · 13
- 2023VerilogEval: Evaluating Large Language Models for Verilog Code Generationcited by 246
- 2023VeriGen: A Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generationcited by 197
- 2023Chip-Chat: Challenges and Opportunities in Conversational Hardware Designcited by 136
- 2023ChatEDA: A Large Language Model Powered Autonomous Agent for EDAcited by 118
- 2022Benchmarking Large Language Models for Automated Verilog RTL Code Generationcited by 112
- 2022Prompting Is Programming: A Query Language for Large Language Modelscited by 110
- 2023ChipGPT: How far are we from natural language hardware designcited by 101
- 2023RTLFixer: Automatically Fixing RTL Syntax Errors with Large Language Modelscited by 98
- 2023GPT4AIGChip: Towards Next-Generation AI Accelerator Design Automation via Large Language Modelscited by 59
- 2024Data is all you need: Finetuning LLMs for Chip Design via an Automated design-data augmentation frameworkcited by 36
- 2024AssertLLM: Generating and Evaluating Hardware Verification Assertions from Design Specifications via Multi-LLMscited by 30
- 2024HDLdebugger: Streamlining HDL debugging with Large Language Modelscited by 25
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 7; 2026: 3.
11 papers.
- 2025DeepRTL: Bridging Verilog Understanding and Generation with a Unified Representation Modelcited by 23
- 2025RealBench: Benchmarking Verilog Generation Models with Real-World IP Designscited by 14
- 2025AnalogCoder-Pro: Unifying Analog Circuit Generation and Optimization via Multi-modal LLMscited by 14
- 2025Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generation: Literature Review and the Road Aheadcited by 7
- 2024Are LLMs Any Good for High-Level Synthesis?cited by 6
- 2025ChipSeek: Optimizing Verilog Generation via EDA-Integrated Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2025BRIDGES: Bridging Graph Modality and Large Language Models within EDA Taskscited by 1
- 2026RTL-BenchLS: A Large-Scale Benchmark for RTL Reasoning and Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025ML For Hardware Design Interpretability: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 0
- 2026ATLAS: AI-Assisted Threat-to-Assertion Learning for System-on-Chip Security Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Agentic Electronic Design Automation: A Handoff Perspectivecited by 0
- 2026Agentic Electronic Design Automation: A Handoff Perspective18 Jun 2026
- 2026RTL-BenchLS: A Large-Scale Benchmark for RTL Reasoning and Generation with Large Language Models8 Jun 2026
- 2026ATLAS: AI-Assisted Threat-to-Assertion Learning for System-on-Chip Security Verification1 Mar 2026
- 2025Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generation: Literature Review and the Road Ahead29 Oct 2025
- 2025AnalogCoder-Pro: Unifying Analog Circuit Generation and Optimization via Multi-modal LLMs4 Aug 2025
- 2025RealBench: Benchmarking Verilog Generation Models with Real-World IP Designs22 Jul 2025
- 2025ChipSeek: Optimizing Verilog Generation via EDA-Integrated Reinforcement Learning7 Jul 2025
- 2025ML For Hardware Design Interpretability: Challenges and Opportunities11 Apr 2025
- 2025BRIDGES: Bridging Graph Modality and Large Language Models within EDA Tasks7 Apr 2025
- 2025DeepRTL: Bridging Verilog Understanding and Generation with a Unified Representation Model20 Feb 2025
- 2024Are LLMs Any Good for High-Level Synthesis?19 Aug 2024