mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

HMD-NeMo: Online 3D Avatar Motion Generation From Sparse Observations

arXiv 2308.11261 ↗First posted 22 Aug 2023cs.CVcited by 18

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Abstract (arXiv)

Generating both plausible and accurate full body avatar motion is the key to the quality of immersive experiences in mixed reality scenarios. Head-Mounted Devices (HMDs) typically only provide a few input signals, such as head and hands 6-DoF. Recently, different approaches achieved impressive performance in generating full body motion given only head and hands signal. However, to the best of our knowledge, all existing approaches rely on full hand visibility. While this is the case when, e.g., using motion controllers, a considerable proportion of mixed reality experiences do not involve motion controllers and instead rely on egocentric hand tracking. This introduces the challenge of partial hand visibility owing to the restricted field of view of the HMD. In this paper, we propose the first unified approach, HMD-NeMo, that addresses plausible and accurate full body motion generation even when the hands may be only partially visible. HMD-NeMo is a lightweight neural network that predicts the full body motion in an online and real-time fashion. At the heart of HMD-NeMo is the spatio-temporal encoder with novel temporally adaptable mask tokens that encourage plausible motion in the absence of hand observations. We perform extensive analysis of the impact of different components in HMD-NeMo and introduce a new state-of-the-art on AMASS dataset through our evaluation.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Aug 2023.

Builds on

27 of 41 references.

References · 27

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  5. 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,612
  6. 2014On the Properties of Neural Machine Translation: Encoder-Decoder Approachescited by 1,304
  7. 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,236
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15 more
  1. 2022Physical Inertial Poser (PIP): Physics-aware Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Sparse Inertial Sensorscited by 146
  2. 2020We are More than Our Joints: Predicting how 3D Bodies Movecited by 115
  3. 2022AvatarPoser: Articulated Full-Body Pose Tracking from Sparse Motion Sensingcited by 110
  4. 2017Sparse Inertial Poser: Automatic 3D Human Pose Estimation from Sparse IMUscited by 109
  5. 2020Weakly Supervised 3D Human Pose and Shape Reconstruction with Normalizing Flowscited by 94
  6. 2022QuestSim: Human Motion Tracking from Sparse Sensors with Simulated Avatarscited by 77
  7. 2022FLAG: Flow-based 3D Avatar Generation from Sparse Observationscited by 55
  8. 20203D Multi-bodies: Fitting Sets of Plausible 3D Human Models to Ambiguous Image Datacited by 50
  9. 2021THUNDR: Transformer-based 3D HUmaN Reconstruction with Markerscited by 50
  10. 2021LoBSTr: Real-time Lower-body Pose Prediction from Sparse Upper-body Tracking Signalscited by 45
  11. 2020Probabilistic Tracklet Scoring and Inpainting for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 36
  12. 2020HoloLens 2 Research Mode as a Tool for Computer Vision Researchcited by 34
  13. 2021SOMA: Solving Optical Marker-Based MoCap Automaticallycited by 31
  14. 2021Learning to Fit Morphable Modelscited by 16
  15. 2022Combining Motion Matching and Orientation Prediction to Animate Avatars for Consumer-Grade VR Devicescited by 13

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 4.

18 papers.

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  1. 2024Mocap Everyone Everywhere: Lightweight Motion Capture With Smartwatches and a Head-Mounted Cameracited by 31
  2. 2024HMD-Poser: On-Device Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Scalable Sparse Observationscited by 25
  3. 2024Real-Time Simulated Avatar from Head-Mounted Sensorscited by 17
  4. 2024A Unified Diffusion Framework for Scene-aware Human Motion Estimation from Sparse Signalscited by 16
  5. 2024EnvPoser: Environment-aware Realistic Human Motion Estimation from Sparse Observations with Uncertainty Modelingcited by 11
  6. 2025From Sparse Signal to Smooth Motion: Real-Time Motion Generation with Rolling Prediction Modelscited by 11
  7. 2025Motion Generation: A Survey of Generative Approaches and Benchmarkscited by 8
  8. 2025FRAME: Floor-aligned Representation for Avatar Motion from Egocentric Videocited by 5
  9. 2025FastAnimate: Towards Learnable Template Construction and Pose Deformation for Fast 3D Human Avatar Animationcited by 2
  10. 2024Biometrics in Extended Reality: A Reviewcited by 1
  11. 2025KineST: A Kinematics-guided Spatiotemporal State Space Model for Human Motion Tracking from Sparse Signalscited by 1
  12. 2026Egocentric Visibility-Aware Human Pose Estimationcited by 1
6 more
  1. 2026EgoExoMoCap: Distributed Ego-Exo Human Motion Capturecited by 1
  2. 2025Zero-shot Human Pose Estimation using Diffusion-based Inverse solverscited by 0
  3. 2025Mem-MLP: Real-Time 3D Human Motion Generation from Sparse Inputscited by 0
  4. 2025OmniEgoCap: Camera-Agnostic Sequence-Level Egocentric Motion Reconstructioncited by 0
  5. 2026EgoGVAE: Ego-body Mesh Reconstruction via Guided Variational Autoencodercited by 0
  6. 2026FlowAvatar: Real-Time Full-Body Avatars from Sparse Egocentric Inputs on Consumer XR Devicescited by 0